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A recent study may have an answer to one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science –
what is the purpose of sleep? The work suggests it's actually about making animals function more
efficiently in their environments.
Pythons, bats and giant armadillos are among the longest sleepers at over 18 hours a day.
Human babies need 16 hours, and most of us
probably feel we need around eight hours sleep to
function well.
Professor Jerry Seigel from the University of
California, Los Angeles, conducted a study of the
sleep times of a broad range of animals and
found that they vary widely. Some, like
migrating birds , can survive long periods without
sleeping at all. He believes that shows sleep evolved
to conserve energy:
Jerry Seigel: ‘It’s animals that are needlessly active that will not survive, but animals that
are most efficient and use their waking time to do vital functions, and are otherwise asleep that
will survive.’
Sleep helps make best use of limited resources. In humans, when we’re awake, our brain
accounts for 20% of the energy we use when just sitting around. Sleeping also makes us less likely
to get injured and less likely to be detected by predators.
(Jon Stewart, BBC News)
MÓDULO 11
TEXT
WHY DO WE SLEEP?
VOCABULARY
I. Combine as colunas.
II. Tente adivinhar o significado destes três animais em português, baseando-se em suas definições em inglês.
- Python ⇒ _________________________________^ jiboia
- Bat ⇒ ____________________________________^ morcego
- Giant armadillos ⇒ _________________________^ tatus gigantes
a) a nocturnal, mouse like mammal with large wings. ( 2 ) b) a small animal which has a body covered in hard (^) ( 3 ) bone strips that allow it to curl into ball when attacked. c) a very large snake that kills animals for food by ( 1 ) wrapping itself around them and crushing them.
1. greatest 1 c^ a) não esclarecidos
- unsolved 2 a b) propósito
- purpose 3 b c) maiores
- actually 4 d^ d) na verdade
- efficiently 5 f e) meio ambiente
- environment 6 e f) eficazmente
III. – expressions from the text.
- to sleep – slept – slept = __________________________________^ dormir
- sleep = _______________________________________________^ sono
- longest sleepers = _______________________________________^ que dormem mais tempo, os mais dorminhocos
- 8 hours sleep = ________________________________________^ 8 horas de sono
- sleep times = __________________________________________^ horas de sono
- asleep = ______________________________________________^ adormecido, apático
IV. Combine as expressões do texto com suas explicações.
- to function well ( B )
- a broad range of ( E )
- vary widely ( A )
- migrating birds ( C )
- to conserve ( D )
a) are very different b) to live and operate normally c) birds that move between two different environments in response to changes in weather and food supply d) to save, to keep and protect from waste e) a wide number of
V. Verbs:
- to suggest = ___________________________________________^ sugerir
- to make – made – made = ________________________________^ fazer
- to need = _____________________________________________^ precisar
- to feel – felt – felt = ______________________________________^ sentir
- to find – found – found = _________________________________^ descobrir (texto)
- to survive = ____________________________________________^ sobreviver
- to believe = ___________________________________________^ acreditar
- to show – showed – shown = ______________________________^ mostrar
- to evolve = ___________________________________________^ desenvolver-se
10.to account for = ________________________________________^ ser responsável por, representar
VI. Complete as frases abaixo com as formas verbais de alguns verbos traduzidos acima:
- John _____________________________ me the cut on his finger.^ showed
- Fishing __________________________________ Grandpa happy.^ makes
- Students _____________________________ the vast majority of^ account for our customers.
- My political beliefs __________________________ as I got older.^ evolved
- The dog ______________________ an old tennis ball in the ditch.^ found
- Susan could __________________________ the soft blanket with^ feel the tips of her fingers.
VII. Combine as expressões do texto com suas explicações.
- are needlessly active ( C )
- vital ( B )
- limited resources ( E )
- to get injured ( D )
- detected by predators ( A )
a) noticed by those who are likely to hunt and kill you. b) essential, most important, impossible to do without it. c) move a lot without reason or purpose. d) to get hurt or hurt oneself accidentally (text). e) when there is relatively little food (text).
VIII. Traduza a seguinte oração para o Português. “Some, like migrating birds, can survive long periods without sleeping at all.”
IX. Preencha os espaços com as expressões do quadro.
- You must be a resident _________________________ 30 days in^ over order to vote here.
- I explained them the ________________ way to solve the problem.^ best
- There was one daisy _____________________________ the roses.^ among
- _______________________________ don’t smoke, but some do.^ Most of us
- The meeting will begin _______________________ three o’clock.^ around
- It will ____________________________________ rain tomorrow.^ probably
SLEEP
Alguns, como pássaros migrantes, podem sobreviver longos períodos sem
dormir de modo algum. {absolutamente
among – over – most of us – probably – around – best
A solution may be at hand for holidaymakers
who are finding it harder to get off the beaten track.
For those who really want to get away from it all, a new
holiday destination has sprung up – Antarctica.
However, this freezing zone might only be for those with
the deepest pockets if a new policy starts. Tourism on
Antarctica has been increasing dramatically in the past
twenty years, from a few thousand people in 1985 to
more than 40,000 in 2009. The growing numbers are
having a negative effect on the environment of the South
Pole. To combat this, researchers from Holland’s Maastricht University have come up with a possible
solution: limit the number of tourists allowed to visit and sell the vacations to the ones who make
the best offer.
Many environmental protection agencies agree that there is a need to protect the frozen
wilderness from the damage created by modern tourism. Antarctica is the last unspoiled place on
Earth. It has a very delicate ecosystem that could be easily upset by groups of tourists landing in
airplanes and using skimobiles. A difficulty exists because Antarctica is not a country and therefore
has no government to pass laws or guidelines to control the number of visitors. The Maastricht
University team’s proposal to auction off a fixed number of tourist places seems a workable solution.
It would limit the number of visitors and therefore contain the amount of environmental damage,
and the money would be used to protect Antarctica’s future.
(breakingnewsenglish)
MÓDULO 12
TEXT
VOCABULARY
I. Match the columns.
II. Complete the following sentences with verbs from the chart.
- I don’t _________________________ with forcing children to eat^ agree things they don’t like.
- She ___________________________ to be the sort of person you^ seems can trust.
- His mother always ___________________________ him to sleep^ allows late on Saturday mornings.
- The hostile talks _____________________________ the peaceful^ upset relation between the two countries.
- The number of tourists visiting these islands has _____________^ increased in recent years.
- He was forced ________________________ the plane on the lake.^ to land
1.harder 1 i a) meio ambiente 2.however 2 e b) necessidade 3.policy 3 l c) crescentes 4.growing 4 c d) portanto 5.environment 5 a e) contudo, entretanto
- researcher 6 j f) oferta
- offer 7 f g) recomendação, orientação
- need 8 b h) proposta
- damage 9 k i) mais difícil
- therefore 10 d j) pesquisador
- proposal 11 h k) dano
- guideline 12 g^ l) política
to increase – to allow – to agree to upset – to land – to seem
PROTECTING ANTARTICA FROM TOURISM
III. Translate the underlined words and/or expressions in the sentences below.
- The beach was crowded with holidaymakers.
- holidaymaker = _________________________^ turista
- Water freezes at a temperature of 0°C.
- to freeze = _____________________________^ congelar
- Visit the Rockies, the last remains of the North American wilderness.
- wilderness = _________________________________________^ região não cultivada ou desabitada, tais como um
_________________________________________^ deserto ou uma região montanhosa.
- An unspoiled area is an area which has not been damaged in any way.
- unspoiled = ____________________________^ intacto
IV. Combine the following expressions with their meanings below:
- off the beaten track ( d )
- to get away from ( c )
- to spring up ( f )
- to have deep pockets ( a )
- to come up with ( b )
- to auction off ( e )
a) to have a lot of money b) to think; to suggest c) to escape d) in a remote location; remote from populous or much-travelled regions e) to sell at a public sale to someone who makes the best offer (bid) f) to appear suddenly
Now, complete the sentences with the expressions studied above.
- Thousands of business have _____________________ in the past^ sprung up couple of years.
- It helps __________________________ when you’re involved in^ to have deep pockets a long lawsuit like this.
- She’s ________________________ with a brilliant idea to double^ come up her income.
- The convict murderer _________________________________ a^ got away from high security prison.
- Those paintings will be _________________________next week.^ auctioned off
- Travel to Mongolia if you really want to travel _______________^ off the ___________________________.^ beaten track
V. Match the following synonyms from the article:
VI. Match the following phrases from the article:
VII. Translate the following excerpts from the passage
- “… a new destination has sprung up – …” “… um novo destino surgiu…”
- “… the researchers have come up with a possible solution: …” “… os pesquisadores sugeriram uma possível solução: …”
- “… to auction off a fixed number …” “… leiloar um número fixo…”
- A solution may be at 1 e a) tourists
- get off the beaten 2 f b) environment
- for those with the deepest 3 d c) place on Earth
- a negative effect on the 4 b d) pockets
- there is a need to protect 5 h e) hand
- Antarctica is the last unspoiled 6 c f) track
- groups of 7 a g) environmental damage
- contain the amount of 8 g^ h) the frozen wilderness
- at hand 1 g a) idea
- holidaymaker 2 e^ b) fragile
- limit 3 h^ c) achievable
- wilderness 4 f d) information
- delicate 5 b e) tourist
- guidelines 6 d f) great outdoors
- proposal 7 a g) near
- workable 8 c h) restrict
MÓDULO 13
TEXT
In 1959, the government of
Egypt was working on a plan
to build a dam on the River
Nile. It was called the Aswan
Dam, and it was intended to
generate electricity and allow
the river water to be used for
agriculture. There was one big
problem with the plan, though.
The dam would flood a nearby
valley that contained ancient
Egyptian treasures, including
two enormous stone temples.
It can be difficult for governments to choose culture and history over economics. However, if
countries always made decisions like this, the majority of the world's ancient sites would end up
being destroyed. Luckily, UNESCO stepped in. They formed a committee that tried to convince
Egypt to protect its ancient treasures. With support from many countries, they were finally
successful. The huge temples were carefully removed from their original site and moved to a safe
location so that the dam could be built.
UNESCO is an agency of the United Nations. The United Nations is a partnership between
countries from all over the world. They are joined to help promote world peace, enforce human
rights, and help countries develop. UNESCO is a part of the United Nations that is concerned
with science and culture.
After their success in saving the temples in Egypt, UNESCO went on to save more sites around
the world. They protected lagoons in Venice, ruins in Pakistan, and temples in Indonesia. With
industrialization changing the world rapidly, there were many sites that needed to be saved.
Eventually, UNESCO formed the World Heritage Organization to protect important natural and
historic sites wherever it was necessary.
By now, the World Heritage Organization has protected hundreds of sites ranging from
beautiful natural islands to buildings in large cities to ancient ruins. If you're able to visit any of
the many protected sites, you'll agree it was worth it.
(www.englishdaily.com)
UNESCO T O T HE RESCUE
VOCABULARY
I. Rescue is “the recovery or preservation from danger”. Translate the following sentences: After the rescue, the climber was taken to hospital.
Depois do resgate, o alpinista foi levado ao hospital.
Helicopters rescued 20 people from the fire.
Helicópteros resgataram 20 pessoas do incêndio.
II. Write the Simple Past and Past Participle of the following verbs and translate them.
III. Match the columns:
IV. Do you remember the translation of the following adverbs?
- luckily = ___________________________________^ felizmente
- carefully = ________________________________^ cuidadosamente __
- rapidly = ___________________________________^ rapidamente
V. Complete the following sentences with verbs from the chart:
- Contact us if you __________________ our advice.^ need
- The company is spending millions of dollars ________________^ to develop new products.
- Prisoners have been moved ___________________ the demolition^ to allow of part of the prison.
- All the members of the jury _________________ that he is guilty.^ agreed
- Life has ___________________ a lot this year – new job, different^ changed city, new boyfriend.
- Most of the old part of the city was ________________________^ destroyed by bombs during the war.
VI. Translate the meanings of the underlined expressions:
- A dam is a barrier of concrete built across a river to control the flow of water.
- dam = ___________________________________^ represa, barragem
- Our washing machine broke down yesterday and flooded the kitchen.
- to flood = ________________________________^ alagar
- Why didn’t the U.S. step earlier in WWII?
- to step in = _______________________________^ intervir, envolver-se em
- If you can’t beat them, join them.
- to join = _________________________________^ juntar-se a, aliar-se a
- It isn’t always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.
- to enforce = ______________________________^ impor
- I’ve been very concerned about the situation.
- concerned = ______________________________^ preocupado, envolvido
- Old churches are part of our cultural heritage.
- heritage = ________________________________^ herança
- They explored several Roman ruins.
- ruin = ___________________________________^ ruína
- Temperatures in summer range from 20 to 35 degrees.
- to range = _______________________________^ variar _
- It was a long climb to the top of the hill, but the view from the top was worth it.
- to be worth = _____________________________^ valer a pena
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Translation
- to build built built construir
- to choose chose^ chosen^ escolher
- to make (decisions) made^ made^ tomar
- to go on went on gone on (^) prosseguircontinuar,
- nearby 1 e a) bem sucedido
- ancient 2 f b) paz
- treasure 3 i^ c) pedra
- stone 4 c d) seguro
- successful 5 a e) próximo, vizinho
- huge 6 j f) antigo
- safe 7 d g) direitos
- peace 8 b^ h) ilha
- rights 9 g i) tesouro
- island 10 h j) enorme
to allow – to destroy – to develop to change – to need – to agree
MÓDULO 14
GRAMMAR – GERUND AND INFINITIVE
GERUND
Observe os exemplos.
Sally is dancing. (= dançando → Present Participle)
Sally is fond of dancing. (= dançar → Gerund)
GERUND
Usos
Painting is my favorite pastime.
Smoking is not permitted anywhere in this school.
He left the restaurant without paying the bill.
She insists on talking to the boss.
Would you mind closing the door?
He avoided answering my question.
Alguns dos principais verbos seguidos por gerúndio
são:
ADMIT, AVOID, DENY, DISLIKE, ENJOY, FINISH,
KEEP, MIND, MISS, QUIT, RESIST, RISK
- após certas expressões idiomáticas:
His latest novel is worth reading.
It’s no use complaining about the bad weather.
Expressões idiomáticas seguidas por gerúndio: TO BE
WORTH, TO BE USED TO, IT’S NO GOOD, IT’S
NO USE, IT’S USELESS, TO LOOK FORWARD
TO, CAN’T STAND, CAN’T HELP
- após o verbo GO, expressando atividades
recreativas.
The boys went hiking on their vacation.
How often do you go window shopping?
No smoking in this area!
No trespassing!
INFINITIVE
He was the first to answer the teacher’s question.
Jane was the second to arrive.
This flat is too expensive for me to buy.
He had cooked food enough to feed an army!
I want you to translate the text.
She wants me to take her to the station.
- após os verbos make, let e have (sem to)
This makes me feel sick.
Let me know if you need any help.
Sally had her landlord fix the fence.
- após o verbo help (com ou sem to)
She helped him (to) choose a new tie.
Observações:
1. Certos verbos admitem o gerund ou infinitive sem
alteração de sentido.
2. O verbo STOP admite tanto o gerund quanto o infinitive
com alteração de sentido.
VERBO + ING
TO + VERBO
It started snowing. |––––––––↑
It started to snow. |––––––––↑
He began reading the book. |––––––––↑
He began to read the book. |––––––––↑
He stopped smoking. |––––––––↑ (= Ele parou de fumar.)
He stopped to smoke. |–––––––––↑ (= Ele parou para fumar.)
A) Complete the sentences by using the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs.
- The rainy weather prevented them from _____________^ going (go) to the beach.
- Stop ________________^ shouting (shout)! You’re giving me a headache.
- He is intent on __________________^ marrying (marry) her next summer.
- My mother asked me _____________________^ to pick up (pick up) some apples on my way from school.
- Jane is not old enough _________________^ to ride (ride) on the bus by herself.
- My father was angry about my _______________^ losing (lose) my new watch.
- We are not used to __________________^ driving (drive) on the left side of the road.
B) Circle the correct alternative.
- Are you going to let me ________________ that last cookie? a) eating b) eat c) to eat d) to eating e) b and c are correct RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: B
- _________ the needy makes me _______ a whole human being. a) To help – to feel b) Helping – feeling c) Helping – feel d) Helping – to feel e) To help – feel RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
- I can’t stand ____________ my spare time ____________ T.V. a) spending – to watch b) spending – watch c) to spend – to watch d) spend – watch e) spending – watching RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: E
- I finally finished _______________ at 8 p.m. and served dinner. a) cooking b) being cooked c) cook d) to cooking e) to cook RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: A
- Most parents want their kids ____________ happy. a) be b) being c) to be d) to being e) having been RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
- Would you mind ______________ the radio down a little? I’m not used to _____________ in such noisy places. a) to turn – work b) turning – work c) turn – working d) turning – working e) turn – work RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
- On his way home, he stopped ___________ some flowers. It was his wife’s birthday. a) buying b) buy c) having bought d) to buy e) to buying RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
- We’re looking forward to ______________ from you soon. a) hear b) listening c) hearing d) listen e) listenning RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
- It’s useless ________________ about the situation. a) complain b) to complaining c) about complaining d) complaining e) to complain RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
- She doesn’t feel like ________________ tonight. a) dine out b) to dine out c) go to dine out d) dining out e) to dining out RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
III. Match the columns.
IV.
Though, underlined in the 2 nd^ paragraph of the text is a synonym for
_____________________________.^ however
V. DATA is a plural noun. Its singular form is datum. Write the plural form of these nouns.
- phenomenon – ______________________^ phenomena ___________________
- basis – ________^ bases ________________________________________
- crisis – ______________________________^ crises _________________
- child – ________^ children ________________________________________
- goose – _______________________^ geese _________________________
- mouse – ________^ mice ________________________________________
- woman – ________^ women ________________________________________
- louse (piolho) – ________^ lice ___________________________________
- die (dado de jogo) – ________^ dice _______________________________
10.ox (boi) – _____________^ oxen __________________________________
VI. Combine the following expressions with their meanings below:
- conspicuous ( E )
- raging (^ F )
- to evolve ( B )
- as far as ( G )
- to ascertain ( C )
- smooth (^ A )
- to bring on ( D )
a) without any sudden changes b) to develop gradually c) to discover with certainty d) to cause e) easy to notice; obvious, visible f) violent, furious g) in one’s opinion
Now, complete the sentences with the expressions studied in the previous vocabulary.
- The earthquake _______________________________ a tsunami.^ brought on
- Her blond hair has made her ___________________ in the crowd.^ conspicuous
- Man __________________________ from the apes.^ evolved
- __________________________ I’m concerned, she can move to^ As far as the flat tomorrow.
- We got caught in a ________________________ storm.^ raging
- The police have been unable ____________________________ the^ to ascertain cause of the explosion.
- We had a very ______________________ flight with no turbulence^ smooth at all.
VII. Put the verbs from the chart in the right column:
VIII. Translate the following excerpts from the text.
- “There have always been natural climate changes – Ice Ages and the warm intermediate times between them – …” “Sempre houve mudanças climáticas naturais – Idades do Gelo e as fases quentes intermediárias entre elas – …”
- average 1 e a) pelo menos
- like 2 h^ b) levar a
- surface 3 c c) superfície
- to seem 4 j^ d) clima
- fire 5 f e) média
- at least 6 a f) incêndio
- ever 7 g g) já
- climate 8 d h) como
- to warn 9 i i) alertar
10.to lead to 10 b^ j) parecer
THOUGH
to decrease – to skyrocket – to go down – to increase – to lower – to soar – to plummet – to rise – to go up – to diminish – to dive – to lift – to fall – to grow – to drop – to plunge
UP ↑ DOWN ↓
to skyrocket to decrease to increase to go down to soar to lower to rise to plummet to go up to diminish to lift to dive to grow to fall to drop
to plunge
- “…climate change won’t be a smooth transition to a warmer world…”
“… a mudança climática não será uma transição tranquila para um mundo
mais quente…”
TEXT COMPREHENSION
Answer in Portuguese.
- O que resultou do aumento de 1° Celsius na temperatura da Terra?
O visível aumento de tempestades, furacões e incêndios florestais violentos
nos últimos dez anos.
- De acordo com os cientistas, o que nunca ocorreu anteriormente em relação ao aquecimento da Terra?
Um aumento tão rápido da temperatura.
- De acordo com o texto, em que período a Terra deveria estar atualmente? Num período de esfriamento.
- Por que o texto menciona o Polo Norte, a Floresta Tropical Amazônica e a Califórnia? Porque essas regiões estão entre as doze regiões do globo que serão mais afetadas por mudanças climáticas abruptas.
- A que conclusão chegaram os cientistas? Os cientistas chegaram à conclusão de que o aquecimento global pelo qual estamos passando não é provocado por causas naturais e sim pelo homem.
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ANOTAÇÕES
a) a place where war or fighting is likely to happen b) clothing c) the act of breaking a law or agreement d) the road with the most important shops and businesses in a town e) to sub-contract services f) merchandise; movable possessions g) a person or business who sells merchandise to the public h) a small factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
Now, complete the following sentences with the vocabulary studied above.
- ___________________________ must be sensitive to the needs of^ Retailers their customers.
- I see there’s a new Italian restaurant opening on the ____________^ high
________________.^ street
- The border between Iraq and Iran is a ______________________.^ hotspot
- He was wearing a strange purple __________________________.^ garment
- There’s a 25% discount on all electrical _____________________.^ goods
- His refusal to work on a Sunday was a _______________________^ breach of contract.
- She works hard in a _________________________ and gets a very^ sweatshop low salary.
- As it’s impossible for us to buy new machinery, the only way out is
_________________________.^ to outsource
IV. Combine the words in column A with their synonyms in column B
V. Translate the underlined words and/or expressions.
- Slavery was abolished in Brazil in 1888.
- slavery = ________________________________^ escravidão
- Drunken drivers are a serious threat to road users.
- threat = __________________________________^ ameaça
- She gave her son a severe beating as a punishment.
- beating = _________________________________^ surra
- She was unaware of the illegal activities of her husband.
- unaware = ________________________________^ não ciente
- 11,000.000 bottles of water had to be withdrawn from sale due to health scare.
- to withdraw = ______________________________^ retirar
- The company’s main concern is to ensure the safety of its employees.
- concern = __________________________________^ preocupação
- They are demanding higher pay and better conditions of work.
- to demand = ________________________________^ exigir
- He didn’t think the television was worth repairing.
- was worth = _______________________________^ valer, valer a pena
VI. Give the opposites of
- young ≠ ________________________________________^ old
- close to ≠ ________________________________________^ far from
- long ≠ _______________^ short __________________________
- unaware ≠ ________________________________________^ aware
- large ≠ ________________________________________^ small
- to spend ($) ≠ ________________________________________^ to save
- cheap ≠ ________________________________^ expensive _________
- many ≠ ____________________________________^ few _____
VII. Translate the following excerpts from the text.
- “…, the children described long hours of unpaid work and threats and beatings.” “…, as crianças descreveram longas horas de trabalho não pago e ameaças e surras.”
A B
- close to 1 g a) if
- clothes 2 f b) more than
- high street 3 h^ c) shop
- store 4 c^ d) young person
- over 5 b e) ought to
- youngster 6 d f) garment
- should 7 e^ g) similar to
- whether 8 a^ h) main street
- “…, recognized by the United Nations as one of the world’s hotspots for child labour.”
“…, reconhecida pelas Nações Unidas como uma das áreas de tensão do
mundo em relação ao trabalho infantil.”
- “… and whether cheap prices in the west are worth the suffering caused…”
“… e se os preços baratos no Ocidente valem o sofrimento causado…”
TEXT COMPREHENSION
- According to the text, a) children working in the Shahpur Jat area of Delhi are concerned about India’s retail shops. b) the textile company pays high wages to Indian workers. c) the textile company manufactures its own products. d) the company has imposed an ethical code on manufacturers. e) goods produced abroad are likely to be more costly. RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
- In “… at how they spend their money…,” the underlined word refers to: a) goods b) retailers c) consumers d) children e) westerners RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
Answer in Portuguese.
- Além de exigir respostas a respeito de como os produtos são manufaturados, o que devem fazer os consumidores do Ocidente? Esses consumidores devem se perguntar se os preços baixos encontrados no Ocidente valem o sofrimento causado a muitas crianças indianas.
- A que se refere “55 million youngsters” no texto?
Refere-se ao número de jovens abaixo de 14 anos que trabalham na Índia.
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ANOTAÇÕES
IV. Pay attention to the use of AVOID
As you’ve seen AVOID is followed by a ______________ (-ING form)^ gerund
Write in English.
- Evite comer comida gordurosa. É prejudicial a sua saúde.
Avoid eating fatty food. It’s harmful to your health.
- Ele evitou responder minha pergunta.
He avoided answering my question.
- Evite tomar banho de sol entre 10 e 15 horas.
Avoid sunbathing between 10 am and 3 pm.
V. The word PUB comes from public house and means ___________ bar
in British English. In American English we say ______________.^ bar
VI.
Translate the following sentences. a) How much do you earn a year?
Quanto você ganha por ano?
b) Coffee exports earn Brazil many millions of dollars a year.
As exportações de café arrecadam para o Brasil muitos milhões de dólares
por ano.
c) He earns his living from his paintings.
Ele ganha a vida com suas pinturas.
d) She’s earned approval from the board.
Ela recebeu aprovação do conselho.
VII. Translate the underlined words and/or expressions.
- pitfall = ______________________________________________^ armadilha, dificuldade This book helps students overcome some of the pitfalls in English vocabulary.
- counterpart = __________________________________________^ pessoa que tem uma posição ou função correspondente
__________________________________________^ a sua em outro lugar, equivalente.
The American president will meet his European counterparts to discuss the war against drugs.
- to hold off = ___________________________________________^ resistir, evitar Hold off on alcoholic beverages in the presence of children.
- to delay = _____________________________________________^ atrasar, retardar The start of the meeting was delayed by five minutes.
- to curse = _____________________________________________^ xingar, amaldiçoar He cursed violently when he fell and broke his leg.
- to roll out = ___________________________________________^ lançar The company rolled out its acquisition plans last week.
- to update = ____________________________________________^ atualizar The site of the company will be updated over the next 10 days.
VIII.
a) to fill, filled, filled = ___________________________________ preencher
b) to feel, felt, felt = _______________________________^ sentir ____
c) to fall, fell, fallen = ___________________________________^ cair
d) to fell, felled, felled = __________________________________^ derrubar, abater
Complete the sentences with the verbs seen above.
- You _________________________ a tree when you cut it down.^ fell
- One of the chicks had _______________________ out of the nest.^ fallen
- When it rained we ________________________ the time reading^ filled and chatting.
- Are you ______________________ cold?^ feeling
IX. Match the expressions in column A with their synonyms in column B.
TO EARN
DON’T CONFOUND
- to avoid 1 d a) bar
- pitfall 2 b b) difficulty
- pub 3 a c) of course
- underground 4 f d) stay away from
- to curse 5 e e) to swear
- to delay 6 h f) subway
- to roll out 7 g^ g) to launch
- indeed 8 c h) to retard
lookING at her He avoids (^) {goING shopping on Saturdays
X. Translate the following excerpt from the text: “If you’re delayed, you’ll be able to curse the transport like any good Londoner”.
“Se você se atrasar, você poderá amaldiçoar o transporte como qualquer
bom londrino”.
TEXT COMPREHENSION
- Qual das seguintes sugestões NÃO é dada pelo novo guia àqueles que viajam para Londres? a) Hospede-se em hotéis menos conhecidos. b) Use o metrô. c) Nunca tome bebidas alcoólicas em público.
d) Sempre que possível viaje de trem. e) Não discuta sexo na hora do jantar. RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
- De acordo com o texto, a) o novo guia pode ser adquirido nos aeroportos de Londres. b) o londrino raramente reclama do congestionamento no trânsito. c) 31 novos guias serão lançados num prazo de 20 meses. d) há aproximadamente 32 guias sobre a cidade de Londres. e) o guia mencionado no texto é dirigido a turistas em geral. RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
- Something that you keep to remind you of a place is a) a guide. b) a pitfall. c) a curse. d) a souvenir. e) an update. RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
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ANOTAÇÕES
