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INTERNATIONAL NACE STANDARD MR0175! 1S0:15156-1 Itom:No: 21306 First edition: Petroleum and natural gas industries— Materials for use in H;S-containing Environments in oil and gas production— Part: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials Reference number NACE MRO175/S0 15156-1:2001(E) ISBN 1-57590-1765 GQ NACE International/lSO 2001 COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/150 15156-1:2001(E) O NACE InternationalISO 2001 These materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO, ANSI, and NACE. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of NACE. All requests pertaining to the NACE MRO175/1S0 15156 standard should be submitted to NACE. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Case postale 56 + CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 4122 7490111 Fax + 41 22749 0947 Web wu iso.ch American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 25 W. 43 8t, Fourth Floor New York, NY 10036 Tel. +1 212.642-4900 Fax +1 212-398-0023 Web www ansiorg NACE International 1440 South Creek Dr. Houston, TX 77084-4906 Tel. +1 281-228-6200 Fax +1 281-228-6300 E-mail msdgbmail.nace.org Web: www. nace.org Printed in the U.S.A. by NACE ii NACE International/ISO COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/150 15156-1:2001(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees, Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to bs represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and nen-govemmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters cf electrotechnical standardization International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some cf the elements of this part of NACE MR01751SO 15156 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materiais, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries. NACE MR0175/1S0 15156 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in HaS-containing environments in oil and gas production: — Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materiais — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAS (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys NACE International/lSO COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/S50 151546-1:2001(E) Introduction The consequences of sudden failures of metallic components used in the oil and gas field, and associated with their exposure to H;S-containing production fluids, led to the preparation of the first edition of NACE Standard MRO175. This standard was published in 1975 by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, now known as NACE International. The original and subsequent editions of NACE Standard MRO175 established limits of HaS partial pressure above which precautions against sulfide stress cracking (SSC) were always considered necessary. They also provided guidance for the selection and specification of SSC-resistant materials when the HS thresholds were exoeeded. In more recent editions, NACE MR0175 has also provided application limits for some corrosion-resistant alloys, in terms of environmental composition and pH, temperature and H:S partial pressures. NACE Standard MRO175 is complemented by NACE Standard TMO177 and NACE Standard TMO284. In separate developments, the European Federation of Corrosion issued EFC Publication 16 in 1995 and EFC Publication 17 in 1896, These documents are generally complementary to those of NACE though they differ in scope and detail, With the cooperation of NACE and EFC, ISO/TC 87 formed Working Group 7 to prepare ISO 15156. The Working Group are to promote the collection, review and, where appropriate, publication of field experience and laboratory test data related to the cracking resistance of metallic materials in HaS-containing environments. This part of NACE MR0175/150 15156 utilizes the above sources to provide requirements and recommendations for materials qualification and selection for safe application in environments containing wet HzS in oil and gas production systems. NACE International/ISO v COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/150 15156-1:2001(E) Table 1 — List of equipment NACE MR0175/IS0 15156-1 is applicable to materials used for the following equipment Permitted exclusions Drlling, well construction and well servicing equipment Equipment only exposed to drilling fluids of controlled composition” Drill bits Blowout preventer (BOP) shear blades” Drilling riser systems Work strings Wire line and wire line equipment? Surface and intermediate casing Wells, including subsurface equipment, gas lift equipment, wellheads and christmas trees Sucker rod pumps and sucker rods” Electrical submersible pumps Other artificial lift equipment Sips Flowlines, gathering lines, field facilities and fisld processing plants Crude oil storage and handling facilities operating at gauge pressure below 4,3 bar (65 psi) Sour-water handling equipment Natural gas treatment plants Transportation pipelines for liquids, gases and mutiphase fluids Lines handling gas prepared for domestic use 2 Given the high strength often needed, diilling equipment may not comply with the requirements of this part of NACE MRD175/SO 15156. In such cases the primary means for avoiding SSC is control of the driling or well-servicing environment. As service stresses and material hardness increase, drilling fluid control becomes increasingly important. Take care to control the drilling environment by maintenance of drilling fluid hydrostatic head and fluid density to minimize formation fluid in-flow and by one er more of the following procedures: 1) maintenance of pH 10 or higher to neutralize H>S in the drilled formation 2) use of chemical sulfide scavengers; 3) use of a driling fluid in which oil is the continuous phase, º High strenath steels used for blowout preventer (BOP) shear blades are highly susceptible to SSC. “Wireline lubricators and lubricator connecting devices shall comply. “NACE Standard MRO176 applies to sucker rod pumps and sucker rods 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of NACE MRO175/ISO 15156. For dated references, subseguent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of NACE MR0175/1SO 15156 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edftion of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. NACE MRO175/SO 15158-2, Petroleum and natural gas indusiries — Materials for use in HoS-containing environments in cit and gas production — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels NACE MRO175/SO 15156-3, Petroleum and natural gas indusírios — Materials for use in HbS-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAS (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other elloys COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE International/lSO NACE MR0175/150 151546-1:2001(E) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes cf this part of NACE MR0175/1S0 15156, the following terms and definitions apply. 31 blowout preventer BOR mechanical device capable of containing pressure, used for control of well fluids and driling fluids during drilling operations 32 braze, verb join metals by flowing a thin layer (of capillary thickness) of a lower-melting-point non-ferrous filler metal in the space between them 33 carbon steel alloy of carbon and iron containing up to carbon and up te manganese and residual quantities of other elements, except those intentionally added in specific quantíties for deoxidation (usually silicon and/or aluminum) NOTE Carbon steels used in the petroleum industry usually contain less than 0,8% carbon 34 christmas tree equipment at a wellhead for the control of fluid production or injection 35 cold work, verb deform metal plastically under conditions of temperature and strain rate that induce strain hardening, usually, but not necessarily, conducted at room temperature 36 corrosion-resistant alloy CRA alloy intended to be resistant to general and localized corresion cf oilfleld environments that are corrosive to carbon steels 37 ferrite body-centred cubic crystaline phase of iron-based alloys steel steel whose microstructure at room temperature consists predominantly of ferrite 3.9 hardness resistance of metal to plastic deformation, usually measured by indentation 3.10 heataffected zone HAZ that portion of the bass metal that is not melted during brazing, cutting or welding, but whose microstructure and properties are altered by the heat of these processes 31 heat treatment heating and cooling a solid metal or alloy in such a way as to obtain desired properties NOTE Heating for the sole purpose of hot working is not considered heat treatment. NACE International/lSO 3 COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/150 151546-1:2001(E) 32 stress corrosion cracking sec cracking of metal involving anodic processes of localized corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) in the presence of water and HS NOTE Chlorides andior oxidants and elevated temperature can increase the susceptibility of metals to this mechanism of attack. 3.22 stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking SOHIC staggered small cracks formed approximately perpendicular to the principal stress (residual or applied) resulting in a “ladder- like” crack array linking (sometimes small) pre-existing HIC cracks NOTE The mode of cracking can be categorized as SSC caused by a combination of external stress and the local strain around hydrogen-induced cracks. SOHIC is related to SSC and HIC/SWC. It has been observed in parent material of longitudinally welded pipe and in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welds in pressure vessels. SOHIC is a relatively uncommon phenomenon usually associated with low-strength ferritic pipe and pressure vessel steels. 3.23 sulfide stress cracking sse cracking of metal involving corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) in the presence of water and HS NOTE SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) and involves embrittlement of the metal by atomic hydrogen that is produced by acid corrosion on the metal surface. Hydrogen uptake is promoted in the presence of sulfides. The atomic hydrogen can diffuse into the metal, reduce ductilty and increase susceptibility to cracking. High strength metallic materials and hard weld zones are prone to SSC. 3.24 weld, verb join two or more pieces of metal by applying heat and/or pressure with or without filler metal, to produce a union through localized fusion of the substrates and solidification across the interfaces 3.25 yield strength stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain NOTE The deviation is expressed in terms of strain by either the offset method (usually at a strain of 0,2%) or the total- extension-under-load method (usually at a strain of 0,5%). 4 Abbreviated terms Bor Blowout preventer CRA Corrosion resistant alloy HAZ Heat-affected zone HIC Hydrogen-induced cracking Hsc Hydrogen stress cracking sec Stress corrosion cracking SOHIC Stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking NACE International/ISO 5 COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/150 15156-1:2001(E) swc Stepwise cracking ssc Sulfide stress cracking szc Soft zone cracking. 5 General principles Users of NACE MRO175/S0 15156 (all parts) shall first assess the conditions to which the materials they wish to select may be exposed. Having evaluated, defined and documented these conditions in accordance with NACE MRO175/1SO 15156-1 materials selection is made following the requirements and recommendations of the appropriate part of NACE MRO175SO 15156 The use of other parts of NACE MR0175/1S0 15156 may require exchange of information (for example concerning required or suitable service conditions) between the equipment user and the equipment or materials supplier. NOTE The equipment supplier may need to exchange information with the equipment manufacturer, the materials supplier, andior the materials manufacturer. Qualification, with respect to a particular mode of failure, for use in defined service conditions also qualifies a material for use under other service conditions that are equal to or less severe in all respects than the conditions for which qualification was carried out. The equipment user shall determine whether or not the service conditions are such that this part of NACE MR0175/SO 15156 applies. If necessary the equipment user shall advise other parties of the service conditions. This part of NACE MRO175/S0 15156 applies to the qualification and selection of materials for equipment designed and constructed using conventional elastic design criteria. For designs utilizing plastic criteria (e.g. strain-based and limit-states designs) use of this part of NACE MRO175/S0 15156 may not be appropriate and the equipment user shall assess the need for other requirements. ns to enable material selection 6 Evaluation and definition of service condi 6.1 Before selecting or qualifying materials using other parts of NACE MRO175/ISD 15156, the user of the equipment shall define, evaluate and document the service conditions to which materials may be exposed for each application. The defined conditions shall include both intended exposures and unintended exposures which may result from the failure of primary containment or protection methods. Particular attention shall be paid to the quantification of those factors known to affect the susceptibility of materials to cracking caused by HsS. Factors, other than material properties, known to affect the susceptibility of metallic materials to cracking in HeS service include: HoS partial pressure, in situ pH, the concentration of dissolved chloride or other halide, the presence of elemental sulfur or other oxidant, temperature, galvanic effects, mechanical stress, and time of exposure to contact with a liquid water phase. 8.2 The documented service conditions shall be used for one or more of the following purposes: a) to provide the basis for selection of pre-qualified SSC/SCC resistant materials (see clause 7); b) to provide the basis for qualification and selection based upon documented field experience (see 8.2) c) to define the laboratory test requirements to qualify a material for HS service with respect to one or more of SSC, SCC, HIC, SOHIC, SZC and/or galvanically induced HSC (see 8.3) d) to provide the basis for the reassessment of the suitability of existing alloys of construction, using clause 7, 8.2 andfor 8.3, in the event of changes to the actual or intended service conditions NACE International/lSO COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/150 15156-1:2001(E) 8.3.2 Sampling of materials for laboratory testing The method of sampling the material for laboratory testing shall be reviewed and accepted by the equipment user. The test samples shall be representative of the commercial product. For multiple batches of a material produced to a single specification, an assessment shall be made of the properties that influence cracking behaviour in HzS-containing environments (see 8.1). The distributions of these properties shall be considered when selecting samples for testing according to the requirements of NACE MRO175//S0 15156-2 and NACE MR01751SO 15156-3. The materials in the metallurgical condition that has the greatest susceptibility to cracking in HoS service shall be used for the selection of the test samples. Materials source, method of preparation and surface condition of samples for testing shall be documented 8.3.3 Selection of laboratory test methods For carbon and low alloy steels, test methods for SSC, HIC, SOHIC andor SZ€ shall be selected from NACE MR0175S0 15156-2 as required. For CRAs and other alloys, test methods for SSC, SCC and galvanically induced HSC shall be selected from NACE MR0175/SO 15156-3 as required. 8.3.4 Conditions to be applied during testing For qualification of carbon and low alloy steels, for general sour service applications or for more restricted application ranges, standardized test environments and mechanical test conditions shall be chosen from those described in NACE MRO175SO 15156-2. For qualification of CRAs or other alloys for the restricted application ranges appropriate to each alloy type the standardized test environments and mechanical test conditions shall be chosen from those described in NACE MR0175/80 15156-3. For qualification of a material for use in application specific service conditions, the equipment user shall take care to ensure that the test conditions and the test results obtained from them are appropriate for those specific servioe conditions. All the test conditions applied shall be at least as severe, with respect to the potential mode of failure, as those defined to oceur in the field service (see 8.1). The pH applied shall represent the service in situ pH. The justification of the selection of the test environment and mechanical test conditions with respect to a specific application shall be documented by the equipment user. 8.3.5 Acceptance criteria Test acceptance criteria shall be as defined for each test method in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 and NACE MRO1751SO 15156-3. 9 Report of the method of selection or qualification Materials selected or qualified in accordancs with this part of NACE MRO175/ISO 15156 shall have the method of selection documented by reporting item a) from the following list, together with one other item [b), c) or dj] from the list. The equipment user shall be responsible for ensuring that the required documentation is prepared. a) Foralimaterials, evaluation of the service conditions (see 6.1). b) Fora material selected as pre-qualified with respect to SSC andior SCC (see clause 7), documentation making reference to the relevant subclauses of NACE MR0175/1S0 15156-2 or NACE MRO175/ISO 15156-3. c) Foramaterial selected on the basis of field experience, documentation describing 1) - the mechanism(s) of cracking for which qualification and selection has been made, 2) the material used (see 8.1), NACE International/lSO COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/150 151546-1:2001(E) 3) - the field experience (ses 8.2). d) Foramaterial selected on the basis of qualification by laboratory testing, a test report describing 1) the mechanism(s) of cracking for which qualification and selection has been made, 2) the material selected for laboratory testing (see 8.1), 3) the selection, sampling and preparation of test specimens (see 8.3.2) 4) the justification of the test environment and physical test conditions for qualification (see 8.3.3), 5) the test results that demonstrate compliance with NACE MR0175/1S0 15156-2 or NACE MRO175/SO 15156-3 (see 8.3). NACE International/lSO 9 COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/150 151546-1:2001(E) Addendum The following editorial changes have been made to the NACE version cf the original ISO standard: 1. Designations of NACE standards in the Introduction, page v, and in the Bibliography, page 10, have been corrected to read NACE Standard MR0175, NACE Standard TMO177, NACE Standard TMO284. 2. The NACE designation has been added for the NACE nationally adopted version, so that “ISO 15156" reads “NACE MR01751S0 15155” on the cover page, Foreword, and pages 1-4 and 6-10. 3. In the Bibliography, the designation of NACE Standard MR0176 has been corrected to reflect that is not an ANSI standard. NACE International/lSO 4 COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 INTERNATIONAL NACE STANDARD MR0175/ ISO 15156-2 First edition 2003-12-15 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in HzS-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels, and the use of cast irons Industries du pétrole et du gaz nature! — Matériaux pour utilisation dans des environnements contenant de 'hydrogêne sulfuré (H28) dans la production de pétrole et de gaz — Partie 2: Aciers au carbone et aciers faiblement alliés résistants à la fissuration, et utilisation de fontes Reference number NACE MR0175/ ISO 15156-2:2003(E) O NACE/ANSIISO 2003 COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175/IS0 15156-2:2003(E) Contents Page Foreword. Introduction... 1 Scope.... 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms... 5 Purchasing information... 6 Factors affecting the behaviour of carbon and low alloy steel: H;S-containii environments. ee To 7 74 g 7.2 Option 2: Selection of steels for specific sour service applications or for ranges of sour service. 7.3 Hardness requirements 74 Other fabrication method: 8 Evaluation of carbon and low alloy steels for their resistance to HIC/SWC 9 Marking. Annex À (normative) SSC-resistant carbon and low alloy steels (and requirements and recommendations for the use of cast irons)... Annex B (normative) Qualification of carbon and low alloy steels for H,S service by laboratory testing... Annex € (informative) Determination of H;S partial pressure Annex D (informative) Recommendations for determining pH... Annex E (informative) Information to be supplied for material purchasing Bibliography € NACE/ANSISO — AI righis reserved iii COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 NACE MR0175//S0 15156-2:2003(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % ofthe member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights NACE MR0175/1S0 15156-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for peiroleum and natural gas industries. NACE MR0175/IS0 15156 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H,S-containing environments in oif and gas production: — Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials — Pat2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels, and the use of cast irons — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys iv O NACE/ANSI!ISO — Al righis reserved COPYRIGHT 2005; NACE International 1HS Intra/Spex technology and images copyright (c) IHS 2005 
