Baixe didática: origem, definição e diferença e outras Notas de aula em PDF para Processo de Aprendizagem, somente na Docsity!
','È7,&$ 25,*(0'(),1,d2(',)(5(1d$
COM OUTRAS DISCIPLINAS AFINS
METAS
$SUHVHQWDUDRULJHPDHYROXomRHRFRQFHLWRGD'LGiWLFD DSUHVHQWDUDVUHODo}HVHGLIHUHQoDVGHVWDGLVFLSOLQDFRPRXWUDVD¿QV FRQ¿JXUDUDVEDVHVSDUDXPD'LGiWLFDGH/tQJXDV
OBJETIVOS
$R¿QDOGHVWDDXODRDOXQRGHYHUi FRQFHLWXDUD'LGiWLFD UHODFLRQDUHVWDGLVFLSOLQDFRPRXWUDVD¿QV LGHQWL¿FDUDVVHPHOKDQoDVHGLIHUHQoDVHQWUH/LQJXtVWLFD$SOLFDGDDRHQVLQRGH/tQJXDVH'LGiWLFDGH /tQJXDV LGHQWL¿FDUDVEDVHVSDUDDFRQ¿JXUDomRGHXPD'LGiWLFDGH/tQJXDV
35e5(48,6, 7HUUHDOL]DGRDOLomRDQWHULRU
Aula
&RPHQLXV SHGDJRJR PRUiYLR FRQ VLGHUDGRRFULDGRUGD'LGiWLFD0RGHUQDHXPGRV PDLRUHVHGXFDGRUHVGRVpFXOR;9,, )RQWH KWWS www.pedagogiaespirita.org).
0HWRGRORJLDGR(QVLQR$SUHQGL]DJHPGH/tQJXDV
,1752'8d®
3UH]DGRDOXQRHVWDpQRVVDVHJXQGDOLomR1HODTXHUHPRVUHÁHWLUFRP YRFrVREUHDOJXQVFRQFHLWRVEiVLFRVSDUWLQGRGRkPELWRGDVFLrQFLDVGD HGXFDomRSDUDQRVVRkPELWRHVSHFtÀFRDVFLrQFLDVGDOLQJXDJHPHDTXL HVSHFLÀFDPHQWHRHQVLQRGHOtQJXDV9DPRVUHÁHWLUVREUHRFRQFHLWRGH 'LGiWLFDVXDRULJHPEHPFRPR'LGiWLFDGH/tQJXDVH/LQJXtVWLFD$SOLFDGD GHVWDFDQGRRFDUiWHUPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUGHVVDVGLVFLSOLQDV ÇQLPRFDURDOXQR9LYHUpUHWLUDUGRYLYLGRWRGDH[SHULrQFLDSRVLWLYD HVRPiODjH[LVWrQFLD *LYDOGR6DQWDQD &RPFHUWH]DHVWDVHUiPDLVXPD H[SHULrQFLDERDTXHYRFrVRPDUijVXDYLGD3DUDEpQV
(Fonte: http://www.culturabrasil.pro.br).
0HWRGRORJLDGR(QVLQR$SUHQGL]DJHPGH/tQJXDV
De forma resumida, podemos reconhecer: RFDUiWHUFLHQWtÀFRWHFQROyJLFRHDUWtVWLFRGD'LGiWLFD
- seu objeto de estudo: os processos de ensino-aprendizagem nos contextos educativos; VXDÀQDOLGDGH DLQWHJUDomRGDFXOWXUDSDUDLQWHUYLUPHOKRUDQGR VHXSURFHVVRGHHODERUDomR UHDOL]DVHWDQWRGDWHRULDSDUDDSUiWLFDFRPR vice-versa. 1DOLomRDQWHULRUYLPRVDGHÀQLomRGHHQVLQREHPFRPRVXDHYROXomR WHPFRQWULEXtGRSDUDDFRQÀJXUDomRHSLVWHPROyJLFDGD'LGiWLFD2UDVH HVWHFRQFHLWRHYROXLXWDQWRDRSRQWRGHQmRSRGHUVHUGHVYLQFXODGRGD aprendizagem, resta, portanto, saber o que vem a ser esta. 6HJXQGR3,/(77, DDSUHQGL]DJHPpXPIHQ{PHQREDVWDQWH FRPSOH[RTXHQmRVLJQLÀFDDSHQDVDTXLVLomRGHFRQKHFLPHQWRVFRQWH~GRV RXLQIRUPDo}HV7XGRLVVRpLPSRUWDQWHVHIRUHPVLJQLÀFDWLYRVSDUDDYLGDGH TXHPRVUHFHEHLVWRpVHIRUHPWUDEDOKDGRVGHPDQHLUDFRQVFLHQWHHFUtWLFD SHORVVXMHLWRVOX]GLVVRGHVFUHYHDFRPR´XPSURFHVVRGHDT XLVLomRH DVVLPLODomRPDLVRXPHQRVFRQVFLHQWHGHQRYRVSDGU}HVHQRYDVIRUPDV GHSHUFHEHUVHUSHQVDUHDJLUμ 2UDSHUFHEHVHFODUDPHQWHTXHGHDFRUGRFRPHVVDGHÀQLomRDSUHQGHU pPXLWRPDLVGRTXHREWHULQIRUPDomRVREUHDOJXPDFRLVDRXDOJXpP3RU H[HPSORQRFDVRHVSHFtÀFRGDVOtQJXDVSRGHVHVDEHUWXGRDUHVSHLWRGR funcionamento e estruturas delas e, mesmo assim, nada disso altera a conduta SUiWLFDQDYLGDLVWRpDOtQJXDQmRIRLDVVLPLODGDVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHHPXVR (PRXWUDVSDODYUDVKiDOXQRVTXHVDEHPWXGRVREUHDOtQJXDPHQRVDSUySULD OtQJXDQRVHQWLGRGHID]HUFRLVDVFRPHODXViODQDVGHYLGDVVLWXDo}HVVRFLDLV $DSUHQGL]DJHPpHVWXGDGDSHOD3VLFRORJLD(GXFDFLRQDO5HYHMDSRU WDQWRRTXHDSUHQGHXQDGLVFLSOLQD,QWURGXomRj3VLFRORJLDGD$SUHQGL]D gem. Nela, deve ter aprendido algumas teorias ou tipos de aprendizagem. $WLWXORGHUHYLVmRWRPHPRV3,//(7,TXHFLWDWUrVWLSRVGHDSUHQGL]DJHP PRWRUDRXPRWUL]FRQVLVWHQDDSUHQGL]DJHPGHKiELWRVTXHLQFOXHPGHVGH VLPSOHVKDELOLGDGHVPRWRUDVDWpKDELOLGDGHVYHUEDLVHJUiÀFDV FRJQLWLYDDEUDQJHDDTXLVLomRGHLQIRUPDo}HVHFRQKHFLPHQWRVVXDVLQ WHUSUHWDo}HVFRPEDVHHPFRQFHLWRVSULQFtSLRVHWHRULDV$DSUHQGL]DJHP GDVUHJUDVJUDPDWLFDLVpGRWLSRFRJQLWLYR DIHWLYDRXHPRFLRQDOGL]UHVSHLWRDRVVHQWLGRVHHPRo}HV$SUHQGHUD DSUHFLDUDDUWHDOLWHUDWXUDGHXPDOtQJXDSRUH[HPSORpGRWLSRDIHWLYR $FRQFHSomRGLGiWLFRSHGDJyJLFDFHQWUDGDQDDSUHQGL]DJHPS}HGH UHOHYRRDSUHQGL]HRSURFHVVR$TXLQmRpLPSRUWDQWHRFRPRHQVLQDR SURIHVVRUVHQmRRFRPRHSDUDTXHDSUHQGHRDOXQReHVWHHQWHQGLPHQWR de que, para que e como aprende o aluno que vai nortear o como ensinar GRSURIHVVRU-iQmRpRSURIHVVRUTXHGHYHGHPRQVWUDUTXHWHPFRQKHFL PHQWRVHVDEHWUDQVPLWLORVPDVpRDOXQRTXHWHPREMHWLYRHTXHSUHFLVD DSUHQGHU(VWDLQYHUVmRHQWUHWDQWRQmRGLPLQXLHPQDGDRSDSHOHDLP SRUWkQFLDGRSURIHVVRUTXHGHYHWHUXPDSUHSDUDomRPXLWRPDLVDPSODGH
'LGiWLFD RULJHPGH¿QLomRHGLIHUHQoDFRPRXWUDVGLVFLSOLQDVD¿QV Aula
maneira que possa orientar o processo de aprendizagem levando em conta 2
DVH[SHULrQFLDVDVGLIHUHQoDVHDVQHFHVVLGDGHVGRVDOXQRVEHPFRPRR FRQWH[WRRQGHVHGHVHQYROYHDLQWHUYHQomRGLGiWLFD 3DUD WHUPLQDU QmR KHVLWDPRV HP GHÀQLU D 'LGiWLFD FRPR WHRULD H SUiWLFDGRHQVLQRHGDDSUHQGL]DJHP(PRXWUDVSDODYUDVD'LGiWLFDpXPD GLVFLSOLQDGHLQWHUYHQomRTXHDJHWDQWRQRLQGLYLGXDOFRPRQRVRFLDOHWHP FRPRÀQDOLGDGHDPHOKRULDGRHQVLQRHGDDSUHQGL]DJHP
','É7,&$(3('$2,$
6HJXQGR +$,'7 D 3HGDJRJLD p R HVWXGR VLVWHPiWLFRGDHGXFDomReDUHÁH[mRVREUHDVGRXWULQDVH VLVWHPDVGHHGXFDomR(PRXWUDVSDODYUDVpDFLrQFLDHDDUWH GDHGXFDomR4XDQWRj'LGiWLFDDDXWRUDGHÀQHFRPRXPD VHomRRXUDPRHVSHFtÀFRGD3HGDJRJLDHVHUHIHUHDRVFRQ WH~GRVGHHQVLQREHPFRPRDRVSURFHVVRVHVSHFtÀFRVSDUD DFRQVWUXomRGRFRQKHFLPHQWR$VVLPVHOHFLRQDUFRQWH~GRV QDViUHDVHVSHFtÀFDV EHPFRPREXVFDUDVWpFQLFDVHSURFHGL PHQWRV PHWRGRORJLD SDUDWRUQDUHQVLQiYHOHDSUHQGLYHOHVWHV FRQWH~GRVFRQVWLWXHPREMHWRGD'LGiWLFDeSRUWDQWRDDUWH de ensinar, como vimos anteriormente. Outros autores, como Puren (1994), considerando seu VHQWLGRHWLPROyJLFRDSUHVHQWDPD3HGDJRJLDFRPRXPD disciplina voltada para o ensino e a aprendizagem das crian- oDVHDGROHVFHQWHVHQTXDQWRTXHD'LGiWLFDXOWUDSDVVDQGR RVOLPLWHVGHIDL[DHWiULDUHÁHWHVREUHWRGDVDVTXHVW}HVH modalidades.
','É7,&$(&855Ì&8/
$ UHODomR H GLIHUHQoD TXH SRGHPRV HQFRQWUDU HQWUH &XUUtFXOR H 'LGiWLFDGHSHQGHPGRPDUFRWHyULFRVREUHRTXDOQRVVLWXDPRV$PERV os termos se produzem em contextos culturais diferentes referindo-se DXPDPHVPDUHDOLGDGH(QTXDQWRQRVSDtVHVDQJORVD[{QLFRVVHHP SUHJDFXUUtFXORHPRXWURVVHXWLOL]DRWHUPRGLGiWLFD(LVDtSRUTXHVH GLVWLQJXHPHVVHVWHUPRV6HPTXHUHUDGHQWUDUQDVYiULDVFRQFHSo}HV QHPQDWHRULDFXUULFXODUHFRQVLGHUDQGRDSHQDVRkPELWRGRHQVLQR GHOtQJXDVRWHUPRFXUUtFXORWHPVLGRXWLOL]DGRUHIHULQGRVHDRTXH HQVLQDU FRQWH~GRVVtODER HQTXDQWRDGLGiWLFDWHPVH FHQWUDGRQR FRPRHQVLQDU PHWRGRORJLD 'DtVHXFDUiWHUH[FHVVLYDPHQWHSUiWLFR que a confunde com metodologia, termo generalizado no mundo DQJORVD[mR'HVVDIRUPDRVHVSHFLDOLVWDVDILUPDPWUDWDUVHGHXPD mesma realidade relacionada por culturas diferentes, cabendo, pois,
'LGiWLFD RULJHPGH¿QLomRHGLIHUHQoDFRPRXWUDVGLVFLSOLQDVD¿QV Aula
','É7,&$'(/Ì18$6(/,18Ì67,&$$3/,&$'$^2
7UDGLFLRQDOPHQWHD/LQJXtVWLFDFRQVWLWXLDGLVFLSOLQDGHUHIHUrQFLDGD 'LGiWLFDGH/tQJXDV '/ TXHHPOLQKDVJHUDLVFRQVWLWXLXVHDSDUWLUGD PHWRGRORJLDSDUDRHQVLQRGHOtQJXDV(PFRQVHTXrQFLDGLVVRD'/WHP VLGRPXLWDVYH]HVPDUJLQDOL]DGDHFRQIXQGLGDFRPD/LQJXtVWLFD$SOLFDGD DR(QVLQRGH/tQJXDVGHYLGRFRPSDUWLOKDUFRPHVWDDOJXQVWUDoRVFRPXQV RTXHH[SOLFDVHXHVFDVVRSUHVWtJLREHPFRPRVHXVWDWXVFRPRFDPSRGH FRQKHFLPHQWRHVSHFtÀFR$SHVDUGHVVHFDUiWHUPDUJLQDOL]DGRD'/ UH FRQTXLVWDDWXDOPHQWHVHXFDPSRHDWXDomRHVWDEHOHFHQGRVHFRPRGLVFL SOLQDDXW{QRPDGHUHÁH[mRHDWXDomRGLGiWLFDV 3RUVXDYH]RWHUPR/LQJXtVWLFD$SOLFDGDVXUJHQRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVGXUDQWHRV DQRVGHYLGRjQHFHVVLGDGHGHDFKDUH[SOLFDo}HVSUiWLFDVSDUDDHQWmR/LQJXtVWLFD PRGHUQD$SULQFtSLRIRLXVDGDSDUDUHIHULUVHj/LQJXtVWLFD*HUDODSOLFDGDDRHQVLQR GHOtQJXDV$WXDOPHQWHpXPFRQFHLWREHPDVVHQWDGRQDFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWtÀFDTXH se dedica ao estudo da linguagem. 6HJXQGR0(1'21=$),//2/$ DGHOLPLWDomRGRFDPSR GHHVWXGRGD'/VHID]OHYDQGRHPFRQWDDVGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHOtQJXDHVFULWDH OtQJXDIDODGDOtQJXDHQVLQDGDHOtQJXDDSUHQGLGD$VGXDVSULPHLUDVFRQVWLWXHP REMHWRGD/LQJXtVWLFD$SOLFDGDHQTXDQWRDVGXDV~OWLPDVGL]HPUHVSHLWRDR REMHWRGD'LGiWLFDGH/tQJXDV&RQÀUDQRHVTXHPDDRODGR
0HWRGRORJLDGR(QVLQR$SUHQGL]DJHPGH/tQJXDV
2&$5É7(508/7,',6&,3/,1$5
'$','É7,&$'(/Ì1*8$
$'LGiWLFDGH/tQJXDVpXPDGLVFLSOLQDMRYHPHHPIDVHGHH[SDQVmR $SULQFtSLRRVFLODQGRHQWUHD3HGDJRJLDHD/LQJXtVWLFDFRQVWUXtDVHVR EUHDVPHWRGRORJLDVGHHQVLQRGHOtQJXDVDDGXOWRVPDLVSUHRFXSDGDVHP HODERUDUPpWRGRVSUHVFULWLYRVHIRUQHFHUUHFHLWDVXQLYHUVDLVSDUDDLQWHU YHQomRGLGiWLFD$RORQJRGDVHJXQGDPHWDGHGRVpFXORSDVVDGRD'/IRL VHGHVHQYROYHQGRjPHGLGDTXHSUHFLVDYDUHVROYHUSUREOHPDVUHODWLYRVDR HQVLQRHjDSUHQGL]DJHPGRVLGLRPDV1HVVHVHQWLGRPXLWDVVmRDVGLVFL SOLQDVWDQWRGDVFLrQFLDVGDHGXFDomRFRPRGDVFLrQFLDVGDOLQJXDJHPTXH FRQWULEXHPFRPLQIRUPDomRWHyULFDHLQVWUXPHQWDOGDTXDOVHVHUYHD'/ na hora de determinar as bases conceituais em que se move. 'HVGHVXDJrQHVHD'/DSUHVHQWDWUrVFRUUHQWHVTXHGHYHPVHUFRQ VLGHUDGDVSDUDVXDIRUPDomR DSULPHLUDFRQVLGHUDD'LGiWLFD*HUDOFRPR PDWUL]GHWRGDVDVGLGiWLFDVHVSHFLDLV DVHJXQGDSDUWHGDWHRULDOLQJXtVWLFDH GHULYDGHODWDQWRD'/FRPRD/LQJXtVWLFD$SOLFDGDDR(QVLQRGH/tQJXDV ÀQDOPHQWHDWHUFHLUDRXWRUJDj'/XPDJrQHVHPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU 6HJXLQGRHVWD~OWLPDFRUUHQWHRSURIHVVRU0$'5,' RIHUHFH XPHVTXHPDIRUPDGRSRUWUrVQtYHLVSDUDDFRQÀJXUDomRHSLVWHPROyJLFD GD '/2 SULPHLUR HVWiFRQVWLWXtGR SHODV GLVFLSOLQDV GH EDVH WHyULFDH ÀORVyÀFDTXHIRUQHFHPRVFRQKHFLPHQWRVJHUDLVSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD'/2VHJXQGRQtYHOHVWiFRQVWLWXtGRSHODVGLVFLSOLQDVPHGLDGRUDVTXH IRUQHFHPDHGXFDomROLQJXtVWLFDDRSURIHVVRU2WHUFHLURH~OWLPRQtYHO HVWiFRQVWLWXtGRSHODVGLVFLSOLQDVTXHIRUQHFHPFRQKHFLPHQWRVVREUHR FRQWH[WRGHDWXDomRHRIHUHFHPDIRUPDomRSDUDDWXDUQHVVHFRQWH[WR Veja no quadro a seguir:
0HWRGRORJLDGR(QVLQR$SUHQGL]DJHPGH/tQJXDV
Paulo Freire Comenius $QtVLR7HL[HLUD ,PDJHP 5HQDOG/HJHQGUH &pOHVWLQ)UHLQHW 2YtGLR'HFURO
Jonh Dewey Maria Montessori $ODLQ /RXUHQoR)LOKR
&20(17É5,262%5($6$7,9,'$'(
&RPHFHUHYLVDQGRDELEOLRJUDÀD 4XHPVDEHYRFrWHPDOJXPOLYUR TXHIDOHVREUHHOHV9HMDQDELEOLRWHFDGD8)67DOYH]FRQKHoDDOJXpP TXHVDLEDVREUHHOHV&RPFHUWH]DQDLQWHUQHWYRFrHQFRQWUDUiPXLWR PDWHULDOGLVSRQtYHO(P~OWLPRFDVRSHoDDSRLRDRVHXWXWRURXDR coordenador da disciplina.
7HPDVSDUDUHGDomR $'LGiWLFDpRHL[RGDIRUPDomRSURÀVVLRQDO
35Ð;,0$$8/$
1DSUy[LPDDXODYDPRVDSUHQGHUVREUHRVPpWRGRVGHHQVLQRWDQWRjOX] da DG como da DL.
$872$9$/,$d®
1HVVDOLomRYRFrDSUHQGHXD &RQFHLWXDUD'LGiWLFD 5HODFLRQDUHVWDGLVFLSOLQDFRPRXWUDVDÀQV ,GHQWLÀFDUDVVHPHOKDQoDVHGLIHUHQoDVHQWUH/LQJtVWLFD$SOLFDGDDRHQVLQR GH/tQJXDVH'LGiWLFDGH/tQJXDV ,GHQWLÀFDUDVEDVHVSDUDDFRQÀJXUDomRGHXPDGLGiWLFDGHOtQJXDV 6LWXHSRLVVXDDXWRDYDOLDomRHPWRUQRGHSHUJXQWDVTXHROHYHPjFHUWH]D de realmente ter realizado estes objetivos de aprendizagem. 6HLDJRUDRTXHp'LGiWLFD"
- Sei reconhecer seu objeto? 3HUFHERDUHODomRGHVWDGLVFLSOLQDFRPRXWUDVDÀQV" (VWDEHOHoRDGLVWLQomRHQWUH'LGiWLFDGH/tQJXDVH/LQJXtVWLFD$SOLFDGD DRHQVLQRGHOtQJXDV" 3HUFHERDVEDVHVGHFRQÀJXUDomRSDUDXPD'LGiWLFDGH/tQJXDV"
&DVRQmRVHVLQWDFDSD]SURFXUHVHXWXWRURXFRRUGHQDGRUH[SRQKDVXDV
'LGiWLFD RULJHPGH¿QLomRHGLIHUHQoDFRPRXWUDVGLVFLSOLQDVD¿QV Aula
G~YLGDVHOLPLWDo}HVHWHQWHPMXQWRVEXVFDURXWUDVDOWHUQDWLYDVTXHRDMX 2
dem a conseguir seus objetivos. Sempre avante, caro aluno!
5()(5È1&,$
+$,'75HJLQD&pOLD&D]DX[ &XUVRGH'LGiWLFDHUDO* 6mR3DXOR ÉWLFD VALE, Maria Irene Pereira. $VTXHVW}HVIXQGDPHQWDLVGD'LGiWLFD. Rio GH-DQHLUR$R/LYUR7pFQLFR SCHMITZ, Egidio. )XQGDPHQWRVGD'LGiWLFD 6mR/HRSROGR (GLWRUD Unisinos, 1993. /,%$1(2-RVp&DUORV 'LGiWLFD 6mR3DXOR &RUWH](GLWRUD CORDEIRO, Jaime. 'LGiWLFD 6mR3DXOR (GLWRUD&RQWH[WR DIAZ BARRIGA, Angel. 'LGiFWLFD\&XUUtFXOXP 0p[LFR 3DLGyV COMENIUS. 'LGiWLFD0DJQD HG6mR3DXOR 0DUWLQV)RQWHV ROMERO, Luis Rico; MADRID, Daniel. )XQGDPHQWRVGLGiWLFRVGHODV iUHDVFXUULFXODUHV. Madrid: Editorial Sintesis, 2000. SANTANA, Givaldo et al. 4XHVW}HVGHOtQJXDVHVWUDQJHLUDVOtQJXDV HVWUDQJHLUDVHPTXHVWmR 6mR&UVLWyYmR 8)6 ________________. $QDOLVLVGHQHFHVLGDGHVHQODIRUPDFLyQLQLFLDOGHO SURIHVRUDGRGHIUDQFpV XQHVWXGLRGHFDVROOLFHQFLDWXUDHQSRUWXJXpV IUDQFpVLPSDUWLGDSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDG)HGHUDOGH6HUJLSH %UDVLO UDQDGD 2003, Tesis Doctoral. PILETTI, Claudino. 'LGiWLFDHUDO 6mR3DXOR ÉWLFD
