131 VAM Book Blue, Manuais, Projetos, Pesquisas de Engenharia Mecânica

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BOOK

Table of content

• 1 Introduction to VAM ® Connection
• 1.1 VAM ® Product Line
• 1.2 VAM ® Family Options
• 2 VAM® Field Practices
• 2.1 Definition Storage, Transportation and Handling materials
• 2.2 Pipe Storage
• 2.3 Pipe Transportation
• 2.4 Pipe preparation and Running Equipment
• 2.5 Lubricants and thread compounds
• 2.6 Running
• 2.7 Break out
• 2.8 Horizontal make-up of accessories
• 2.9 Interchangeability
• 2.10 Pressure Test Caps
• 2.11 Surface Treatment
• 2.12 Corrosion
• 3 VAM® Connections
• 3.1 VAM ®^21
• 3.2 VAM ® TOP
• 3.3 VAM ® TOP HT
• 3.4 VAM ® TOP HC
• 3.5 VAM ® TOP FE
• 3.6 DINO VAM®
• 3.7 BIG OMEGA™
• 3.8 VAM® SG
• 3.9 VAM ® FJL
• 3.10 VAM ® HTF
• 3.11 VAM ® SLIJ-II
• 3.12 VAM ® MUST
• 3.13 VAM ® HW ST
• 3.14 VAM ® HP
• 4 VAM® Additional Information
• 5 VAM® Drilling

1. Introduction to VAM®^ Connections

1.1 VAM Product Line

1.1.1 Reference Connections

1.1.2 Speciality Products

For maximum Clearance

Combining generous running clea- rances with high mechanical perfor- mances

Greatest Clearance

Increasing running reliability for sur- face casings

Providing improved running perfor- mance for intermediate casings

Fastest Running

Connection Type of Connection VAM SG IJ VAM HTF IJ

VAM SW T&C

VAM MUST IJ

VAM HW ST T&C VAM HP T&C

VAM ET IJ Expandable Products

For all drilling and cladding applications

VAM TOP FE T&C Drilling surface BOP and Inner Production Riser - TLP / Spar

VAM TTR T&C

Outer Production Riser - single column / SCR

VAM LDR T&C

Work over, landing and early production

Description

T&C: Threaded and Coupled - IJ: Integral Joint

Riser application

High Torque Flush joints with superior gas-tight sealing performance For steam injection wells A heavy wall connection for extreme external pressures as found in squeezing clay and salt domes

For High Pressure, High Temperature wells

VAM SG brings the complete package to Shale needs

Highest Performance

The Oil industry’s reference product

VAM Product Line

1.2 VAM Family Options

1.2.1 Special Bevel (SB) Couplings can be supplied with a special bevel option. The special bevel is recommended when running multiple strings in the same casing, or when there is a risk of a coupling hanging up down hole. The special bevel option reduces the maximum load on that can be carried on the coupling face. For this reason slip type elevators may be required. The maximium load that can be carried on the coupling face is never less than 3 joints. The exact value can be obtained by emailing at Mr Help on the VAM Services website.

The default value of the special bevel is an angle of 20°. Alternate angles can be supplied on request.

When considering SB option, the following notation is used: VAM XXX SBa (a = angle of the bevel) ex: VAM TOP SB VAM XXX SB (in case of 20 degree Special Bevel on the coupling)

1.2.2 Special Clearance (SC) A Special Clearance connection is a VAM connection with a reduced coupling O.D. With a special clearance coupling, the tensile rating is reduced. A special clearance coupling is identified by a 1 inch wide black paint band located at the center of the coupling. SC option reduces the maximum load that can be applied on the coupling face. VAM TOP, VAM TOP HT and VAM TOP HC are available with the special clearance option of SC80 and SC90. VAM 21 is also available with Special Clearance option. When considering SC option, the following notation is used: VAM XXX SCy (y = Tensile efficiency of the connection) ex: VAM TOP SC

VAM Family Options

1.2.3 Matched Strength (MS) Matched Strength couplings have been designed in order to achieve 100% coupling efficiency in tension. These optional couplings may have an external diameter larger or smaller than a regular one. All VAM TOP and VAM 21 connections are Matched Strength by default. DINO VAM connections can be Matched Strength by option. Matched Strength in BIG OMEGA stands for matched/adapted IPR, not for tensile properties.

1.2.4 Isolated VAM Products An Isolated Product is a VAM connection designed for a specific customer application or potential needs whereby products belonging to the standard product line could not cover. As such, Isolated products still require the need for full traceability with respect to the VAM family of companies; the licensee network and for the customer. An Isolated Product is differentiated from standard products by the specific notation VAM XXX-Kn (example VAM TOP-KP) or VAM XXX-Nn (example VAM TOP-NA). Please refer to specific recommendations when using these isolated VAM products.

VAM Family Options

Equally the storage, transportation and handling requirements can be simplifed into 3 distinct methods depending on the steel type. These methods are standard, low marking and low marking/non ferrous. The method required for each steel type is listed in the table below.

Below is a summary of the individual aspects associated with the three storage, transportation and handling methods. Chapters 2.1, 2.2 and 2. explain these in more detail.

Standard

Low Marking

Low Marking / Non Ferrous API (Carbon) ᅚ API (13% Cr) ᅚ 1% Chrome ᅚ High Collapse ᅚ Sour Service ᅚ High Collapse and Sour Service

Low Temperature ᅚ Martensitic Stainless Steel (13%Cr)

Martensitic Stainless Steel (Super 13%Cr)

Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steel

Super Austenitic and Nickel Based Alloy

Expandable (Carbon) ᅚ

Expandable (13%Cr) ᅚ Riser ᅚ

Steel Type (see VAM Book Section 4.8 for full detail of grades)

Storage and Handling

General information

More care is required with pipe with integral or special clearance connections as the connection can be very thin at the pipe ends.

Storage, Transportation and Handling Methods Standard^ Low Marking^

Low Marking / Non Ferrous

Storage separators Hardwood orPlastic^ Hardwood orPlastic^ Hardwood orPlastic

Drift mandrel Metal Metal Plastic orAluminium

Forklift forks Metal Metal Plastic covered

Inspection benches Metal Metal

Plastic, wood or aluminium

Slings Metal Metal Nylon of plasticsheath

Transport frames Not required Not required Required

Bump rings Not required Not required Required ifslung or rolled

Tong, elevator, slip jaws Standard Low marking

Low Marking and Non

Pipe handling machines Standard Low marking

Low Marking and Non F Single Joint Elevators Standard Standard Non FerrousContact Area

Maximum Grip Mark See section2.4.3.6. 0.3mm (0.012") 0.3mm (0.012")

Vee door No protectionrequired^ No protectionrequired^ Plastic/Woodcovered

Support posts for storage and transport

No protection required

No protection required Plastic covered

Mousehole No protectionrequired^ No protectionrequired Plastic lined

Single Joint Load Compensator Not required Not required Recommended

Paints for stencil, bands and tally #'s Standard Standard Without Florides

General information

In order to prevent connections becoming corroded it is essential that a suitable storage compound is applied to the machined areas. See section 2.4 for approved storage compounds.

Also apply storage grease to the machined parts of the bore that are still visible after the protector is fitted. This process is known as weather-sealing and is illustrated below.

2.2.2 Storage at the rigsite There is normally less area for pipe storage at the rig site. For this reason it is recommended to have a good supply chain and order the pipe for delivery just in time.

At a land rig the pipe can be stored as if in the pipe yard. At an offshore rig site the pipe will be stored on a pipe deck. Consider the space available on deck and the running order. Place wood across the deck beams for the pipe. Place at least 2 rows of wood across the first layer of pipe and directly above the deck beams. Continue this until all the pipe is on board. Ensure that the top layer of pipe is below the height of the deck posts (Samson posts). As this is being done it is possible to carry out an inspection of the connections and a drift and tally of the pipe. It is normally better to have this operation done onshore before the pipe arrives and ensure a good supply chain so that transport damage does not occur.

If there is good planning then pipe should not be required to be stored for a long time at the rig site. During storage it is recommended to keep the

Pipe Storage

protectors fitted in case of damage to the connections by other activities. It is always necessary to ensure that the connections have suitable storage compound or light oil applied to prevent corrosion. Take care that nothing is placed inside the pipe as this may fall from the pipe when lifted vertically.

2.2.3 Special requirements for storage of chromium and CRA steels ⇨ Long term contact with C. Steel under storage conditions is an invitation for localized corrosion initiation of lower grade CRAs. Usage of adequate dunnage is therefore mandatory. ⇨ Rough handling can lead to local work hardening.

If long term storage is being considered, indoor storage is recommendable. All handling tools and rack space susceptible to be in contact with CRA pipes must be covered with non-metallic material to minimize iron contamination, even though this does not affect the corrosion integrity of the material.

2.3 Pipe Transportation

This section covers transportation of pipe. Various other documents and recommended practices exist that go into more detail and there can be regional or customer constraints.

2.3.1 Road Before loading or unloading pipe, make sure that thread protectors are in place. On top of local road haulage regulations pipe must be loaded onto sufficient 4" x 4" (100mm x 100mm) wooden bolsters with nylon or other soft straps of adequate strength fitted and tightened down to secure the load and prevent movement in transit.

Load pipe with couplings at the same end of the truck. Take care to ensure that the straps do not cause damage to the pipe, coatings and markings.

As a safety precaution make sure that the height of the load on the trailer does not exceed that of the headboard.

Warning lights, rear lights or other devices fitted by the driver to indicate the length of the load must be fitted such that no damage to the pipe end or the thread end will result.

Pipe Transportation

2.3.3.1 Slinging Before using slings they should be checked for the date of inspection. It is recommended practice to use a sling for one transportation use only. This may be several lifts in practice. If the sling becomes damaged during transportation it must be replaced. In case of re-use ensure that the slings are visually inspected, re-tested and re-certified by a qualified inspector.

The Safe Working Load (SWL) of each sling is to be equal or greater than the gross weight of the total load. The ideal position of the slings is approximately 25% (of the total length) in from either end of the pipe. The angle between the slings at the hook must be less than 60 degrees, so the length of the slings must be sufficient to allow this.

The slings must be double wrapped with a choke hitch taking care not to cross over the wires on the underside of the bundle. The choke hitch is pulled tightly to secure the bundle. A bulldog clamp and tie wrap must then be fitted. The tie wrap will prevent the eye slipping over the bulldog should it loosen in transit.

Always carry out a test lift to ensure that the load is level before sending it to or from the rig site. When slinging pipe it is always necessary to attach a 'tail rope' to the bundle. This is simply a rope handing from one sling that can be held by the deck crew to align the bundle before lowering it.

2.3.3.2 Transport Frames For smaller diameters it is often best to use transport frames. Some designs still need to be slung as the frames just hold the pipe in position. Others designs can take the load using a 4 point lifting harness. Take care to ensure they are built in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Consider the space required for the transport systems as some can take up considerable space on deck even when they are empty. Most designs are stackable. For transport frames, the contact surface of the spacers must be padded or coated.

Pipe Transportation

2.3.3.3 Supply ship Care must be taken when transporting pipe to the rig site by supply ship to ensure that the load will not move due to the sea conditions. If using transport frames consider if or how high they can be stacked on the vessel. Consider also if they need to be strapped on the supply ship.

2.3.3.4 Rig site At land rigs handle the pipe with a forklift or crane as described above and place the pipe on a loading rack next to the catwalk. On offshore rigs the pipe will be taken by crane to the pipe deck and stored in preparation for use. This is normally done on racks either side of the catwalk or on a separate pipe deck.

Pipe can be stored on deck in layers that are stepped up from the catwalk. The purpose of this is to allow the pipe to be rolled down the steps to the catwalk. This is acceptable for carbon steel as long as there is sufficient soft dunnage to drop the pipe onto and the rate of decent is controlled and suitable safe working procedures are followed

A better method is to sling the pipe from the pipe deck and lift them by crane to the catwalk. Better still is the use of pipe handling machines as shown below.

Pipe Transportation

⇨ Protect grips on pipe handling machines if used ⇨ Use clean low marking dies on slips, elevators and tongs Note: It is confirmed that surface hardened grips, jaws or dies do not create iron contamination on CRA material provided they are kept clean (free of any metallic debris

2.4 Pipe Preparation and Running Equipment

2.4.1 Pre job preparation Prior to running pipe into the well there is some preparation to do. Ideally prepare a completion or drilling program well in advance of operations. This should be based on best practice, previous experience and lessons learned from similar operations.

Ensure that the program is distributed to those who require it, including subcontractors. Send out a daily look-ahead or forecast from the rig and include the subcontractors in the distribution. Request the pipe from the supplier, remembering to include contingency, pup joints, sub-assemblies, shoe track and make-up and handling equipment.

Ensure that there is sufficient space at the rig site for the pipe before it arrives. Consider how it will be run in hole so that the pipe required first is not buried below the pipe that is required last! Only take what is required as shipping excess contingency has an impact on the environment and additional handling has risk of accident.

2.4.2 Pipe preparation Before running the pipe the following actions must take place. They are described in more detail on the following pages. 1 Check that you have received what you require (size, weight, grade, thread type, quantity) 2 Remove the transport packaging and protectors 3 Clean storage grease from connections 4 Fit centralisers and stop collars 5 Inspect the pin and box connections 6 Drift the pipe full length to check for obstructions 7 Tally the pipe in order to get an accurate indication of the true length 8 Apply running compound 9 Refit clean protectors until running is imminent

Much of the pipe preparation can be done at the storage yard rather than waiting until it arrives at the rig site and some specialised companies exist

Pipe Preparation and Running Equipment

that can provide such services. Contact your local VAM Field Service center to find out who can provide these services in your area.

2.4.2.1 Check that you have received what you require (size, weight, grade, thread type, quantity) When the pipe arrives at the rig site the first thing to do is check that you have received what you ordered. First check the paperwork that was supplied with the pipe before checking stencilling and colour codes on the pipe body. If there are discrepancies then contact your supplier immediately to resolve any issues. If you need assistance to carry out these operations contact your local VAM Field Service Center.

2.4.2.2 Remove the transport packaging and protectors Plastic or steel/plastic composite thread protectors are fitted to the ends of the pipe to ensure that damage to the connections does not occur during handling. Storage grease is applied to the ends before the protectors are fitted to prevent corrosion. These storage greases are seldom suitable for running the pipe. Storage greases which can be used for make-up can dry out if left on the pipe for a long period of time and may have to be replaced.

It is important to leave the protectors on whenever possible, since removal makes the connections vulnerable to damage. Mostly, the protectors will be new but in many cases second hand protectors will be supplied. These will have gone through a verification process to ensure that they comply with the requirements. In order to reduce waste and packaging it is important that the protectors are cared for and returned through a suitable supply chain so that they can be reused or recycled. Protectors should be 'paired' at the rig site and placed in a suitable container for safe return. If the protectors are to be refitted to the pipe for transportation to the drill floor they must be cleaned thoroughly before being refitted. Failure to do so will contaminate the clean connections and they will require to be cleaned again on the drill floor.

2.4.2.3 Clean storage grease from connections and protectors Having removed the protectors, the connections will require to be cleaned to remove the storage grease. This should be done over a suitable bunded area so that waste is segregated and water can be reused. It is always best to use hot soapy high pressure water. Since hot water is seldom available at the rig site cold water can be used as long as the soap is given time to break down the grease and the connections are left perfectly clean. It is normally best to roll the pipe as the connections are being washed. Take care not to point a high pressure washer at yourself or anyone working in

Pipe Preparation and Running Equipment