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Laboratory Tests Reference Ranges
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), serum
See Vitamin D metabolites
1,5-Anhydroglucitol, serum or plasma Female: 6.8–29.3 μg/mL; male: 10.7–32 μg/mL
17-Hydroxycorticosteroids (Porter-Silber), urine Female: 2–8 mg/24 hr; male: 3–10 mg/24 hr
17-Hydroxyprogesterone, serum Female, follicular ˂80 ng/dL Female, luteal ˂285 ng/dL Female, postmenopausal ˂51 ng/dL Male (adult) ˂220 ng/dL 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol), serum
See Vitamin D metabolites
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, urine 2–9 mg/24 hr 5'-Nucleotidase, serum 0.3–2.6 (Bodansky) units/dL (0–15 U/L)
6-Thioguanine, whole blood (^) 230–400 pmol/8x10^8 RBCs Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 2000–8250/μL
Acid phosphatase, serum Total 0.5–2.0 (Bodansky) units/mL Prostatic fraction 0.1–0.4 unit/mL ACTH, plasma 10–60 pg/mL Activated partial thromboplastin time 25–35 seconds
ADAMTS13 activity >60%
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), plasma 10–60 pg/mL Albumin, serum 3.5–5.5 g/dL Albumin, urine ˂25 mg/24 hr
Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, urine ˂30 mg/g Aldolase, serum 0.8–3.0 IU/mL
Aldosterone, plasma Supine or seated ≤10 ng/dL Standing ˂21 ng/dL Low-sodium diet (supine) ≤30 ng/dL Aldosterone, urine 5–19 μg/24 hr Alkaline phosphatase, serum 30–120 U/L
Alpha 1 -antitrypsin (AAT), serum 150–350 mg/dL
Alpha 2 -antiplasmin activity, plasma 75%–115% Alpha-amino nitrogen, urine 100–290 mg/24 hr Alpha-fetoprotein, serum ˂10 ng/mL
Amino acids, urine 200–400 mg/24 hr Aminotransferase, serum alanine (ALT, SGPT) 10–40 U/L Aminotransferase, serum aspartate (AST, SGOT) 10–40 U/L Ammonia, plasma 40–70 μg/dL
Amylase, serum 25–125 U/L (80–180 [Somogyi] units/dL) Amylase, urine 1–17 U/hr Androstenedione, serum Female: 30–200 ng/dL; male: 40–150 ng/dL
Angiotensin-converting enzyme, serum 8–53 U/L Anion gap, serum 7 – 13 mEq/L
ABIM Laboratory Test Reference Ranges ̶January 2024
Antibodies to double-stranded DNA 0–7 IU/mL
Anticardiolipin antibodies
IgG ˂20 GPL IgM ˂20 MPL
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies ˂20 units
Antideoxyribonuclease B ˂280 units
Anti-F-actin antibodies, serum ≤1: Antihistone antibodies ˂1: Anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibodies (anti-LKM) ˂1:
Antimitochondrial antibodies ≤1:
Anti–myelin associated glycoprotein antibody ˂1: Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies ˂1.0 U Antinuclear antibodies ≤1: Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies, serum [ELISA]
Negative: <14 RU/mL Borderline: 14 – <20 RU/mL Positive: ≥20 RU/mL Anti-RNP antibodies [by chemiluminescence method]
<20 CU
Anti-RNP antibodies [by multiplex flow immunoassay]
<1.0 AI
Anti-Scl-70 antibodies (topoisomerase 1 antibodies), IgG, serum
Negative: <1.0 U [Positive: ≥1.0 U] Anti–smooth muscle antibodies ≤1:
Anti-SSA/Ro & anti-SSB antibodies [by chemiluminescence method]
<20 CU
Anti-SSA/Ro & anti-SSB antibodies [by multiplex flow immunoassay]
<1.0 AI
Antistreptolysin O titer ˂200 Todd units Antithrombin activity 80%–120%
Antithyroglobulin antibodies ˂20 U/mL Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies ˂2.0 U/mL Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies See Tissue transglutaminase antibody
Apolipoprotein A-1, serum Female: ≥140 mg/dL Male: ≥120 mg/dL Apolipoprotein B, serum Desirable: ˂90 mg/dL Borderline high: 90–119 mg/dL High: 120–139 mg/dL Very High: ≥140 mg/dL Arterial blood gas studies (patient breathing room air): pH 7.38–7. PaCO 2 3842 mm Hg PaO 2 75–100 mm Hg Bicarbonate 23–26 mEq/L Oxygen saturation ≥95% Methemoglobin 0.5%–3.0%
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), blood 0.4–1.5 mg/dL Ascorbic acid, leukocyte 16.5 ± 5.1 mg/dL of leukocytes
(1,3)-Beta-D-glucan, serum ˂60 pg/mL Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), serum Female, premenopausal nonpregnant: ˂1.0 U/L; female, postmenopausal: ˂7.0 U/L; male: ˂1.4 U/L
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), urine ˂2 mIU/24 hr
Random ("spot") mEq/L; varies 24-hour measurement mEq/24 hr; varies with intake Cholesterol, serum
Total Desirable ˂200 mg/dL Borderline-high 200–239 mg/dL High >239 mg/dL High-density lipoprotein Low Female: ˂50 mg/dL; male: ˂40 mg/dL Low-density lipoprotein Optimal ˂100 mg/dL Near-optimal 100–129 mg/dL Borderline-high 130–159 mg/dL High 160–189 mg/dL Very high >189 mg/dL
Cholinesterase, serum (pseudocholinesterase) ≥0.5 pH unit/hr Packed cells ≥0.7 pH unit/hr Chorionic gonadotropin, beta-human (beta-hCG), serum
See Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), serum Chorionic gonadotropin, beta-human (beta-hCG), urine
See Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), urine Chromogranin A, serum ˂93 ng/mL Citrate, urine 250–1000 mg/24 hr Coagulation factors, plasma Factor I (fibrinogen) 200 – 400 mg/dL Factor II (prothrombin) 60%–130% Factor V (accelerator globulin) 60%–130% Factor VII (proconvertin) 60%–130% Factor VIII (antihemophilic globulin) 50%–150% Factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component) 60%–130% Factor X (Stuart factor) 60%–130% Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) 60%–130% Factor XII (Hageman factor) 60%–130% Factor XIII 57%–192%
Cold agglutinin titer >1:64 positive Complement components, serum
C3 100–233 mg/dL C4 14–48 mg/dL CH50 110–190 units/mL
Copper, serum 100–200 μg/dL Copper, urine 0–100 μg/24 hr
Coproporphyrin, urine 50–250 μg/24 hr Cortisol, free, urine 4–50 μg/24 hr
Cortisol, plasma 8 AM 5–25 μg/dL 4 PM ˂10 μg/dL 1 hour after cosyntropin ≥18 μg/dL Overnight suppression test (1-mg) ˂1.8 μg/dL Overnight suppression test (8-mg) >50% reduction in cortisol
Cortisol, saliva, 11 PM – midnight ˂0.09 μg/dL 4
Chloride, urine
C-reactive protein, serum ≤0.8 mg/dL
C-reactive protein (high sensitivity), serum Low risk: ˂1.0 mg/L; Average risk: 1.0–3.0 mg/L; High risk: >3.0 mg/L Creatine kinase, serum
Total Female: 30–135 U/L; male: 55–170 U/L MB isoenzymes ˂5% of total
Creatine, urine Female: 0–100 mg/24 hr; male: 0–40 mg/24 hr Creatinine clearance, urine (^) 90–140 mL/min/1.73 m^2 Creatinine, serum Female: 0.50–1.10 mg/dL; male: 0.70–1.30 mg/dL
Creatinine, urine
Random ("spot") mg/dL; varies 24-hour measurement 15–25 mg/kg body weight/24 hr
D-dimer, plasma ˂0.5 μg/mL Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), serum Female: 44–332 μg/dL; male: 89–457 μg/dL
Delta-aminolevulinic acid, serum ˂20 μg/dL Dihydrotestosterone, serum Adult male: 25–80 ng/dL Dopamine, plasma ˂30 pg/mL
Dopamine, urine 65–400 μg/24 hr
D-Xylose absorption (after ingestion of 25 g of D-xylose) Serum 25–40 mg/dL Urinary excretion 4.5–7.5 g during a 5-hr period
Electrolytes, serum Sodium 136–145 mEq/L Potassium 3.5–5.0 mEq/L Chloride 98–106 mEq/L Bicarbonate 23–28 mEq/L
Epinephrine, plasma Supine ˂110 pg/mL Standing ˂140 pg/mL
Epinephrine, urine ˂20 μg/24 hr
Erythrocyte count 4.2–5.9 million/μL Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) Female: 0–20 mm/hr; male: 0–15 mm/hr
Erythrocyte survival rate ( 51 Cr) T½ = 28 days Erythropoietin, serum 4–26 mU/mL
Estradiol, serum
Female, follicular 10–180 pg/mL Mid-cycle peak 100–300 pg/mL Luteal 40–200 pg/mL Postmenopausal ˂10 pg/mL Male 20–50 pg/mL
Estriol, urine >12 mg/24 hr Estrogen receptor protein Negative: ˂10 fmol/mg protein
Estrone, serum 10–60 pg/mL Ethanol, blood ˂0.005% (˂5 mg/dL) Coma level >0.5% (>500 mg/dL) Intoxication ≥0.08%–0.1% (≥80–100 mg/dL) Euglobulin clot lysis time 2–4 hours at 37.0 C
Factor XIII, B subunit, plasma 60–130 U/dL Fecal fat ˂7 g/24 hr
Immune complexes, serum 0–50 μg/dL
Immunoglobulins, serum IgA 90–325 mg/dL IgE ˂380 IU/mL IgG 800–1500 mg/dL IgM 45–150 mg/dL
Immunoglobulin free light chains, serum Kappa 3.3–19.4 mg/L Lambda 5.7–26.3 mg/L Kappa-to-lambda ratio 0.26–1.
Insulin, serum (fasting) ˂20 μU/mL
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (somatomedin-C), serum Ages 16– 24 182–780 ng/mL Ages 25–39 114–492 ng/mL Ages 40– 54 90–360 ng/mL Ages 55 and older 71–290 ng/mL
Iodine, urine Random ("spot") μg/L; varies
Iron, serum 50–150 μg/dL Iron-binding capacity, serum (total) 250–310 μg/dL Lactate dehydrogenase, serum 80–225 U/L
Lactate, arterial blood ˂1.3 mmol/L (˂1.3 mEq/L)
Lactate, serum or plasma 0.7–2.1 mmol/L Lactate, venous blood 0.7–1.8 mEq/L; 6–16 mg/dL Lactic acid, serum 6–19 mg/dL (0.7–2.1 mmol/L)
Lactose tolerance test, GI Increase in plasma glucose: >15 mg/dL Lead, blood <5.0 μg/dL
Leukocyte count 4000–11,000/μL Segmented neutrophils 50%–70% Band forms 0%–5% Lymphocytes 30%–45% Monocytes 0%–6% Basophils 0%–1% Eosinophils 0%–3% Lipase, serum 10–140 U/L
Lipoprotein(a), serum Desirable: ˂30 mg/dL Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum Female, follicular/luteal 1–12 mIU/mL (1–12 U/L) Female, mid-cycle peak 9–80 mIU/mL (9–80 U/L) Female, postmenopausal >30 mIU/mL (>30 U/L) Male (adult) 2–9 mIU/mL (2–9 U/L) Children, Tanner stages 1, 2, 3 ˂9.0 mIU/mL (˂9.0 U/L) Children, Tanner stages 4, 5 1–15 mIU/mL (1–15 U/L)
Lymphocyte subsets CD3 900–3245/μL CD4 530–1570/μL CD8 430–1060/μL CD CD
208–590/μL 40–500/μL
Magnesium, serum 1.6–2.6 mg/dL Magnesium, urine 14–290 mg/24 hr
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 28–32 pg Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 33–36 g/dL Mean corpuscular volume 80–98 fL Mean platelet volume 7–9 fL
Metanephrines, fractionated, plasma Metanephrine ˂0.5 nmol/L Normetanephrine ˂0.9 nmol/L Metanephrines, fractionated, 24-hour urine
Metanephrine ˂400 μg/24 hr Normetanephrine ˂900 μg/24 hr
Methylmalonic acid, serum 0.00–0.40 μmol/L Myoglobin, serum ˂100 μg/L
Norepinephrine, plasma Supine 70–750 pg/mL Standing 200–1700 pg/mL Norepinephrine, urine 0–100 μg/24 hr
Normetanephrine, fractionated, plasma ˂0.9 nmol/L Normetanephrine, fractionated, 24-hour urine ˂900 μg/24 hr N -telopeptide, urine Female: 11–48 nmol BCE/mmol creatinine; male: 7–68 nmol BCE/mmol creatinine N -terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), serum or plasma
If eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 18 –49 years of age Heart failure unlikely: ≤300 pg/mL High probability of heart failure: ≥450 pg/mL 50–75 years of age Heart failure unlikely: ≤300 pg/mL High probability of heart failure: ≥900 pg/mL Older than 75 years of age Heart failure unlikely: ≤300 pg/mL High probability of heart failure: ≥1800 pg/mL If eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 18 years of age or older High probability of heart failure: ≥1200 pg/mL Osmolality, serum 275–295 mOsm/kg H 2 O
Osmolality, urine 38–1400 mOsm/kg H 2 O Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes Increased if hemolysis occurs in over 0.5% NaCl; decreased if hemolysis is incomplete in 0.3% NaCl Osteocalcin, serum Female: 7.2–27.9 ng/mL; male: 11.3–35.4 ng/mL Oxalate, urine ˂40 mg/24 hr
Oxygen consumption 225–275 mL/min
Oxygen saturation, arterial blood (^) ≥95%
Parathyroid hormone, serum C -terminal 150–350 pg/mL Intact 10–65 pg/mL
Intact (dialysis patients only) Target: 130–585 pg/mL
Partial thromboplastin time (activated) 25–35 seconds pH, urine 4.5–8. Phenolsulfonphthalein, urine At least 25% excreted by 15 minutes; 40% by 30 minutes; 60% by 120 minutes
Parathyroid hormone-related protein, serum ˂1.5 pmol/L
Prothrombin time, plasma 11–13 seconds Pyruvic acid, blood 0.08–0.16 mmol/L
Red cell distribution width (RDW) 9.0%–14.5% Red cell mass Female: 22.7–27.9 mL/kg; male: 24.9–32.5 mL/kg
Renin activity (angiotensin-I radioimmunoassay) Peripheral plasma Normal diet Supine 0.3–2.5 ng/mL/hr Upright 0.2–3.6 ng/mL/hr Low sodium diet Supine 0.9–4.5 ng/mL/hr Upright 4.1–9.1 ng/mL/hr Diuretics + low sodium diet 6.3–13.7 ng/mL/hr Renal vein concentration Normal ratio (high:low): ˂1.
Reptilase time 10–12 seconds Reticulocyte count 0.5%–1.5% of red cells
Reticulocyte count, absolute 25,000–100,000/μL Rheumatoid factor (nephelometry) ˂24 IU/mL Rheumatoid factor, latex test for ≤1:
Ristocetin cofactor activity of plasma See von Willebrand factor activity (ristocetin cofactor activity), plasma Russell viper venom time, dilute 33–44 seconds Sex hormone-binding globulin Female, nonpregnant: 18–144 nmol/L; male: 10–57 nmol/L Sodium, serum 136–145 mEq/L
Sodium, urine Random ("spot") mEq/L; varies 24-hour measurement mEq/24 hr; varies with intake Specific gravity, urine 1.002–1.
Sperm density 10–150 million/mL Sweat test for sodium and chloride ˂60 mEq/L
T3 resin uptake 25%–35% T-lymphocyte count, CD4 530–1570/μL Testosterone, serum Female: 18–54 ng/dL; male: 291–1100 ng/dL Testosterone, bioavailable, serum Female, age 18–69 yrs: 0.5–8.5 ng/dL
Testosterone, free, serum Male: 70–300 pg/mL Thrombin time 17–23 seconds
Thyroid function studies T3 resin uptake 25%–35% Thyroglobulin, serum ˂20 ng/mL Thyroidal iodine ( 123 I) uptake 5%–30% of administered dose at 24 hours Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum 0.5–4.0 μU/mL (0.5–4.0 mU/L) Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) ˂130% Thyroxine-binding globulin, serum 12–27 μg/mL Thyroxine index, free (estimate) 5– Thyroxine (T 4 ), serum Total 5–12 μg/dL Free 0.8–1.8 ng/dL Triiodothyronine (T 3 ), serum Total 80–180 ng/dL Reverse 20–40 ng/dL Free 2.3–4.2 pg/mL
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgA [by chemiluminescence method]
˂20 AU
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgG [by chemiluminescence method]
˂20 AU
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgA [by ELISA]
˂4.0 U/mL
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgG [by ELISA]
˂6.0 U/mL
Total proteins, CSF 15–45 mg/dL Transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic (SGOT) See Aminotransferase, serum aspartate (AST) Transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic (SGPT) See Aminotransferase, serum alanine (ALT) Transferrin saturation 20%–50% Transferrin, serum 200–400 mg/dL Triglycerides, serum (fasting) Optimal ˂100 mg/dL Normal ˂150 mg/dL Borderline-high 150–199 mg/dL High 200–499 mg/dL Very high >499 mg/dL Troponin I, cardiac, serum ≤0.04 ng/mL Troponin T, cardiac, serum ≤0.01 ng/mL Troponin I, cardiac, high-sensitivity, plasma Female: ≤15 ng/L; male: ≤20 ng/L Troponin T, cardiac, high-sensitivity, plasma Female: ≤10 ng/L; male: ≤15 ng/L Tryptase, serum ˂11.5 ng/mL Urea clearance, urine Standard 40–60 mL/min Maximal 60–100 mL/min Urea nitrogen, blood 8–20 mg/dL Urea nitrogen, urine 12–20 g/24 hr Uric acid, serum 3.0–7.0 mg/dL Uric acid, urine 250–750 mg/24 hr Uroporphyrin, urine 10–30 μg/24 hr Vanillylmandelic acid, urine ˂9 mg/24 hr Venous oxygen content, mixed 14–16 mL/dL Venous studies, mixed, blood
pH 7.32–7. PCO 2 42–53 mm Hg PO 2 35–42 mm Hg Bicarbonate 24–28 mEq/L Oxygen saturation (SvO2) 65%–75%
Viscosity, serum 1.4–1.8 cp Vitamin A, serum:
Adult 32.5–78.0 μg/dL Pediatric, age 1–2 yr (retinol) 20–43 μg/dL
Vitamin B 12 , serum 200–800 pg/mL
Vitamin D metabolites, serum 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
15–60 pg/mL
25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol)
30 – 60 ng/mL
