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Pericardial Tamponade: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Catheter-Based Therapies Mani Jacid | Andrew O. laree | Igor E Palacios EXT ETIOLOGY OF PERICARDIAL EFFUSION. AND TAMPONADE CUNICAL PRESENTATION: DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF Management after Pericardiocemtesia Prevertian af Recurran Tamponado OFEN SURGICAL PERICARDIAL WINDOW PERCUTANEOUS SALOON: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY PERICARDIOTOMY CAJHETER-BASED DIAGNOSTIC AND Parcotonecus Balloon Pericardictomp THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES Technique PERICARDIOCENTESIS Outcome Dale alter Perculaneoss Balloo Iodicolions Paricardiolomy Technique Complicoions Cemplications Pericardisl diseases have variable clinical. presentate, including acute pericardits, ampto sion, and pericardial comporade. selFlimiting disorder respomsive to nensteroidal omtidnflaminory dorar seeraie Ahesspas pe ponadeisa lifeabrescening condi ate theraps, Echocardiogmphi: and candine extheterization. are importan diagnostic tools amd help En guiding thera pies. Perrutanemus carheterdsed iherapies, including peri candioceness and percutanevos balloon. pericardimomy, are safe and effective dherapenic modaliccs. Peremancons balloon pericardiotomy is a relmivel: novel catheterbascd technique dar is gradual teplsciogs Ue more imasive surgical poricardial window procedures, Pericardiectomy definitive temp For certain conditions, such. % pericadial disease, atic pericaceial ea Allhough pericanditis is ETIOLOGY OF PERICARDIAL EFFUSION 'AND TAMPONADE neoplastic process (Bus 6,1).%" The frequency of specific camses depends on the geographic locraion, time period, amd cliaricteristics of the populations scudied. la one 82 OTHER PERICARDIAL INTERVENTIONS European series of patients presenting vid serere pericardial eflusiona, acute iiopalhic, perica malign: sions occiring afier radiation therapy, mtecardial infares cion, and surgical and intervensional cardiac procedures are increusimgin incidence, Urea and lnpothyroidism rem important cases. but are see less fiequende given the prompt clagnosis and srcamen af mese eisarders. Pericardial fluid can be eithera transudate oran exudate. y medical comer vit large perio y was she most common emusc.! Pe Alhough trwisudacive ellusions 1ypicall occur n pares with congestive han failure, exudarive cffusions muay ucrar vila most types al pericardi 1d are characterized by a high concentuion al prercins and Abrin. Pericaelial fu sions mas be serous (or serosnguincows), emppurstive, or hemorrinagic. Aldumgli ¡he presence ol sippiraive elMin sion prahogiromonie lor sa acute infections cats, vall bacterial, hemorrhagíe. pericardial ettusion is commonte related to ebonic Sulections, th tuberculosis a assi example, particularly in develapingg conetrios. ln deseloped countries, hemorrhugie pericacdial efhucions are likely to be iatragenic or maligna ju vrigio, In a retrospectivo analysis OF 150 patients in tl United Staros weho undervent pericar iacemtesisor relieving cardiac tamponade, 645 of pariems 
