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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/
1. IDENTIFICATION ACADEMIC PROGRAM Engineering COURSE Transport Phenomena LABORATORY PRACTICE Heat exchanger 2. GENERAL LABORATORY SAFETY RULES REACTIVE Quantity Name Risk* Safety Rules Emergency control measures N/A water burns Use gloves, glasses, and a laboratory coat Use gloves to avoid burns whit hot water tubes EQUIPMENT Quantity Name Risk * Safety Rules Emergency control measures 1 Concentric tube heat exchanger WL burns Lab coat, gloves Use gloves to avoid burns whit hot water tubes 1 Shell and tube heat exchanger burns Lab coat, gloves Use gloves to avoid burns whit hot water tubes MATERIALES Quantity Name Risk* Safety Rules Emergency Control measures none none None none None *Risk: Physical risk type 1 Here are all the. the reagents, equipment, and materials to be used during the development of the practice 3. GOOD PRACTICES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN WASTE MANAGEMENT TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN DEVELOPING THE PRACTICE Waste Hazardous waste classification * Waste disposal Emergency control measure No waste No waste n/a n/a *Hazardous waste classification: follow the “Hazardous and chemical materials disposal and storage classification guide”. If there is no generated waste, you will write not applicable. (N/A)
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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/ 4.1 OBJECTIVE
- Use the concepts learned during the semester to understand the phenomenology of heat exchangers.
- Study phenomenology in heat exchangers.
- Apply concepts of mass and energy balances. 4. Develop analytical thinking in chemical processes. 4.2 THEORETICAL CONCEPTS 4.2.1. The function of a heat exchanger: A heat exchanger is a device that facilitates the process of heat exchange between two fluids that are at different temperatures. Heat exchangers are used in many engineering applications, such as refrigeration, heating and air-conditioning systems, power plants, chemical processing systems, food processing systems, automobile radiators, and waste heat recovery units. During heat transfer, the fluids do not come into direct contact or mix. The heat transport from the hot fluid to the cold fluid takes place through a thermally conductive separating wall. 4.2.2. Heat Exchanger principles: All types of heat exchangers operate using the same thermodynamic principles and mechanism of heat transfer. These principles basically describe how thermal energy is transferred at the macroscopic level. Three bodies are interacting in a heat exchanger system: the hot fluid, the cold fluid, and the wall separating the two fluids. Energy flows from the hot fluid, through the wall or barrier, and then into the cold fluid. The following are some thermodynamic principles that are useful to understand how heat exchangers work:
- 4.2.3. Thermodynamics principles in a heat exchanger: The first law is referred to as the Law of Conservation of Energy, which states that energy (in the form of heat and work) can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be transferred to another system or converted to one form or another. In heat exchangers, this statement is translated by the heat balance equation written as: (Heat In) + (Generation of Heat) = (Heat Out) + (Accumulation of Heat) Assuming it operates in a steady-state flow that means that the thermal properties remain constant at all points as time changes, and the system is adiabatic (perfectly insulated), the heat balance equation simplifies to Heat In = Heat Out. This is one of the most basic equations which is used in the design and operation of heat exchangers. 4.2.3. Mechanisms of Heat Transfer The mechanism involved in the transfer of heat in heat exchangers is a combination of both conduction and convection. The driving force of heat transfer is the temperature difference between two or more regions.
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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/
- Cross Flow: In cross flow heat exchangers, the process and the utility fluids flow perpendicular to each other. They are commonly used on systems with gas-liquid or vapor-liquid heat exchange, wherein the gas or vapor is the process fluid. The liquid is contained in a tube and the gas flows outside those tubes. Examples of a cross flow heat exchanger are steam condensers, radiators, and air conditioner evaporator coils. 4.2.5. Types of heat exchangers A heat exchanger is a broad class of heat transfer equipment Recuperative Heat Exchangers These types of heat exchangers are designed to have separate flow paths for the two fluids, wherein they exchange heat simultaneously, utilize a conductive wall to separate the two fluids.
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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/ 4.2.5.1 Double-pipe Heat Exchangers: Double-pipe heat exchangers, also known as a hairpin or jacketed pipe exchanger, are the simplest type among the heat transfer equipment. They are made of two concentric pipes with different diameters. The process fluid flows through the smaller inner pipe and the utility fluid flows through the annular space between the two pipes. The wall of the inner pipe acts as the conductive barrier between the two fluids wherein heat is transmitted. The countercurrent flow pattern is the most utilized, though it may be configured to co-current flow. Double pipe heat exchangers are suitable for heating or cooling small flow rates of fluids. They are cheap, have a flexible design, and are easy to maintain. They can be constructed from pipes of the same lengths interconnected with fittings at the ends to maximize floor space. However, they only operate at lower heating duties compared to other heat exchanger equipment. 4.2.5.2 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers: Shell and tube heat exchangers are composed of tubes arranged in a bundle that is housed in a large cylindrical vessel called a shell. Similar to the double pipe heat exchanger, the wall of the inner pipe acts as the conductive barrier. The process fluid flows in the tube side and the utility fluid flows on the shell side. Shell and tube heat exchangers are ideal for heating and cooling liquids with high flow rates, temperatures, and pressures. To increase operational efficiency, they can be designed to have multiple passes wherein one fluid comes in contact with the other several times.
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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/ 4.5.2.4 comparison between the heat exchanger 4.3 METHOD 1 Record temperature curves · in parallel flow mode · in counterflow mode 2 Determine average heat flux for parallel flow and counterflow operation 3 Determine average overall heat transfer coefficients The WL 302 trainer enables the study of the characteristic properties of heat transfer on the model of a tubular heat exchanger. The heat transfer takes place in coaxially arranged tubes with the hot water passing through the inner tube. Cold water flows in the outer tube. In doing so, the hot water emits some of its thermal energy to the cold water. In experiments, both parallel flow and counterflow operation can be demonstrated, with their different temperature curves. The non-linear temperature progression along the tubular heat exchanger is demonstrated by measuring the water temperatures in both tubes at the inlet, outlet and half of the transfer section. A measurement of the pipe wall temperature also allows the investigation of convective heat transfer at the wall. In the experiment analysis, the important variables such as heat flux, overall heat transfer coefficient and heat losses are determined. The closed hot water circuit contains a tank with electrical heater and a pump. A thermostat keeps the hot water temperature constant. The cold water is supplied and disposed of via the laboratory network. The flow rate and all relevant temperatures are recorded. The measured values are read from digital displays and can be transmitted simultaneously via USB directly to a PC, where they can be analysed using the software included.
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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/
1. Adjust the desired Flow direction with valves 1,3,2,4. For parallel flow open valves 1 and 3, close valves 2 and 4.
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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/ CONFIGURATION EQUIPMENT SCHEME HEAT EXCHANGER FOR THE PRACTICE
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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/ For the operation follow the lines and change the connections for counterflow or parallel flow Tubular and Shell and tube heat exchanger Plate Exchanger DATA TABLE Counterflow configuration tube exchanger Hot Water Flow (l/min) Cold Water flow (l/min) Cold water temperature °C Hot water temperature °C Middle water temperature °C 1 2 3 Parallel configuration tube exchanger Hot Water Flow (l/min) Cold Water flow (l/min) Cold water temperature °C Hot water temperature °C Middle water temperature °C 1 2 3
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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/ [ 4 ] Gunt WL110 series experiments of the fundamental of heat transfer. [5] https://www.iqsdirectory.com/articles/heat-exchanger.html EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME Resultados del aprendizaje
- An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering
- An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data
3. Management of industrial and laboratory
equipment
4. Energy balance calculations.
5. Equipment preparation and startup.
6. Preparation of PAPER-type report.
DEVELOP REVISE APPROVE
TEACHER COORDINATOR DIRECTOR
Lina María Chacón Rivera Jeffrey León Pulido Jeffrey León Pulido Date: 19/04/22 Date: 19/04/22 Date:19/04/
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Código: FRN- 002 - f GUIDELINE FOR LABORATORY PRACTICE Fecha: 26/01/ CHANGE CONTROL DATE DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CAMBIO 19 .04.2022 The laboratory guide is changed from Spanish to English https://myrcc.rcc.mass.edu/ICS/103_lab_manual/mitosis-and-meiosis.html https://www.iqsdirectory.com/articles/heat-exchanger.html
