ppt presentada en clase, Apuntes de Tecnología de Materiales

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TASK 8

Alessander Calle Rojas

Shakira Santos Dueñas

Luis Patricio Soldi Cespedes

Percy Bruno Tirado Romero

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)

Plan

Identify the objectives and scope of the design process.

Determine stakeholders and form the project team.

Define key performance metrics and desired outcomes.

Design

Develop detailed workflows and process maps.

Create prototypes or mock-ups of the proposed system.

Establish resource allocation for implementation.

Measure

Collect baseline data on current performance metrics.

Track progress during pilot testing or initial

implementation.

PART I

Assess

Compare the measured outcomes against baseline data.

Conduct stakeholder feedback sessions to identify issues.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the design against objectives.

Improve

Identify gaps or inefficiencies revealed during assessment.

Implement corrective actions and refine processes.

Develop a long-term monitoring and optimization plan.

“A hospital developed a design process consisting of the following steps: Plan, Design, Measure, Assess, and Improve…”

EXAMPLE 7.

Using the loss function L(x) = $125,000 (x-0.50)^2 , the expected loss for each process can be computed easily as shown below by multiplying the loss associated with each dimensional value by its probability and summing the total

EXAMPLE 7. Using the Loss Function and Breakeven Analysis for Tolerance Design Cassette tapes are still used in some handheld recording devices and in less expensive portable musical instrument recording devices. The desired speed of a cassette tape is 1.875 inches per second. Any deviation from this value causes a change in pitch and tempo and thus poor sound quality. Suppose that adjusting the tape speed under warranty when a customer complains and returns a device costs a manufacturer $20. (This repair expense does not include other costs due to customer dissatisfaction and therefore is at best a lower bound on the actual loss.) At the factory, an adjustment can be made at a much lower cost of $5, which consists of the labor to test the unit and make the adjustment if needed. What should the tolerance be before an adjustment is made at the factory?

EXAMPLE 7. Based on past information, the company knows the average customer will return a player if the tape speed is off the target by at least 0.15 inches per second. So, L (0.15) = $20. The loss function constant is computed by solving 20 = k * (0.15)^2 for k, yielding k = 888. Therefore, the Taguchi loss function is L(x) = 888.9 * (x - 1.875)^2. For example, if the actual speed is 1.925 inches per second, the Taguchi loss function estimates that the loss will be: L (1.925) = 888.9 * (1.925 - 1.875)^2 = $2. Some, but not all, customers might perceive poor sound quality for this small of a deviation and return it for adjustment, so the average loss is smaller. The table below shows the economic loss computed for tape speeds ranging from 1.725 to 2.025.

• EXAMPLE 7.
• EXAMPLE 7.

EXAMPLE 7. Consider, for example, a component that has a reliability of 0.97 for 100 hours of normal use. We may determine the failure rate l by solving equation (7.9) for a. Substituting R(100) = 0.97 and T = 100

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