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The importance of financial information and the role of government audits in ensuring the authenticity and fairness of financial reports. It examines the factors that affect audit fees, including the characteristics of individual auditors. The document also highlights the challenges faced by early-career auditors during the covid-19 pandemic, particularly in the context of remote work. It emphasizes the need for audit firms to embrace new technologies and foster innovation to transform the audit process. Valuable insights for audit professionals, financial entities, and those interested in understanding the evolving landscape of the auditing industry.
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requirements or principles, and effectively fulfill relevant responsibilities, the use and management of social public resources Responsible for compliance, fairness, efficiency, economy and effectiveness. SUMMARY INTRODUCTION (1- 3 sentences) ▪ give a brief introduction to give the nec cessary background to the study and state its purpose. ▪ Why was the study conducted? ▪ What was it about? ▪ Government audit is thecornerstone and important guarantee of state governance, servingthe modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. ▪ Government audit has a special status and plays an important role: on the one hand, as an important part of the state power system, it can play an effective check and balance mechanism; onthe other hand, by exerting the functions of “immune system” such as prevention, revealing and resisting, government audit improves the efficiency of state power operation and gradually becomes the basic system for the central government to motivateand control local governments. PROCEDURES (3- 5 sentences)
Government audit is the product of political civilization, and its connotation is constantly evolving. Domestic and foreign scholarshave auditing. Thechief auditor of the US Audit Office, Elmer B. Steaz, proposed in 1976 that the primary purpose of government audit was to promote the economics and efficiency of work at all levels of government. Zhang Qing long pointed out that government audit is the authenticity and fairness of the financial audit reports of the stateand local government departments and other public institutions, the economics, efficiency and effectiveness of the use of public resources, and the quality of providing public services. Conduct anaudit. Chen Yuan and Song Xiayun have a deeper understanding ofthe content of government audit. They believe that the basis of government audit lies in public fiduciary responsibility and will expand as the content of fiduciary responsibility changes.
FINDINGS(3- 5 sentences) ▪ Discuss the major findings and results. ▪ How useful or significant is this? ▪ What did the author say about it? With the continuous development of society and the continuous improvement of the national system, the scope of government auditing is also expanding according to the new development needs. The departure audit of the natural environment and natural assets is a new aspect of government auditing in the function of state governance. Claim. Before 2014, China did not have specific regulations on the accountability audit. CONCLUSIONS (3- 5 sentences) ▪ Summarize the researcher’s conclusions. ▪ What was the major outcome of the study? From the above literature review, it can be seen that the focus of government audit is on the function o economic supervision, and it rarely involves environmental auditing. With the development of society, the public’s demand for the natura environment of“ green mountains and green mountains” is increasing. Accountability audit as a new development of government auditing echoes the needs of society to a certain extent. The research on accountability audit is still a relatively new topic. Accountability audit is focusing on the protection of the ecological environment and forming a certain binding force on the governance of the regional environment. - Regarding the future research ideas, the previous literature mainly focuses on the theoretical research of the accountability audit. Therefore, in the future, it is possible to conduct more empirical research on whether the environmental quality of the cities that have passed the pilot audit has been improved.
ARTICLE 2 TITLE: Factors Affecting Capital Structure of Go Public Manufacturing Companies in BEI (Indonesia Stock Exchange) AREA: Audit CITATION: Factors Affecting Capital Structure of Go Public Manufacturing Companies in BEI (Indonesia Stock Exchange). (2018). International Journal of ret nI Accounting Research. Recuperado 10 de noviembre de 2021, de Factors Affecting Capital Structure of Go Public Manufacturing Companies in BEI (Indonesia Stock Exchange) (walshmedicalmedia.com) URL: Factors Affecting Capital Structure of Go Public Manufacturing Companies in BEI (Indonesia Stock Exchange) (walshmedicalmedia.com) PERSONAL COMMENTS (200- 250 words) ▪ What did you learn from the study? ▪ How might you apply the information in your academic training? ▪ How this study relate to your field of preparation? ▪ The company's main objective is to maximize the prosperity and profitability of its shareholders. One way to achieve the company's objectives is to increase the value of the company. Another objective of the company is to make profits from year to year to keep the company alive. As the company grows from year to year, managers must be attentive to the decisions that are made. The assets owned by the company also influence the manager's decision. The higher the value of total assets, the more likely it is to have a more diversified source of capital , so it is less likely to go bankrupt and more able to meet its obligations, which is why large companies tend to have higher debts than small companies. At the company level, business risk increases if the company takes on a lot of debt. This will also increase the probability of bankruptcy. This gives the company a high risk, so the company must use less debt to avoid the possibility of bankruptcy. Companies with high growth rates are likely to have no revenue to internally finance the high growth. Because
FINDINGS(3- 5 sentences) ▪ Discuss the major findings and results. ▪ How useful or significant is this? ▪ What did the author say about it? The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of firm size, firm risk, asset growth and return on capital structure of manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. In addition, it also revised the variables used due to differences in results from previous research. CONCLUSIONS (3- 5 sentences) ▪ Summarize the researcher’s conclusions. ▪ What was the major outcome of the study? The results of this study indicate that company size, business risk, growth assets and profitability significantly influence the capital structure of listed manufacturing companies in Indonesia the result indicates that business risk and Growth assets do not affect capital structure, size positively affects capital structure, size positively affects capital structure, and profitability negatively affects capital structure. Lexicon (10 words) ✓ Manufacturing/Fabricacion : the making of articles on a large-scale using machinery; industrial production. ✓ Business/Negocio : the practice of making one's living by engaging in commerce. ✓ Companies/Empresas : the fact or condition of being with another or others, especially in a way that provides friendship and enjoyment. ✓ Factors/Factores : a number or quantity that when multiplied with another produces a given number or expression. ✓ Simultaneous/Simultaneo : occurring, operating, or done at the same time. ✓ Capital/Capital : wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available or contributed for a particular purpose such as starting a company or investing. ✓ Marketing/Marketing : the action or business of promoting
and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. ✓ Profitability/probabilidad : the degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain. ✓ Accounting/contabilidad: the action or process of keeping financial accounts. ✓ Growth/Crecimiento: something that has grown or is growing. Student’s name: Johann Rdz ARTICLE^ Nº:^2
ARTICLE 3 TITLE: An Empirical Study: Auditors’ Characteristics and Audit Fee AREA: Audit CITATION: Liu, S. (2017, 28 abril). An Empirical Study: Auditors’ Characteristics and Audit Fee. Scientific Research. Recuperado 11 de noviembre de 2021, de https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid= URL: An Empirical Study: Auditors’ Characteristics and Audit Fee (scirp.org) PERSONAL COMMENTS (200- 250 words) ▪ What did you learn from the study? ▪ How might you apply the information in your academic training? ▪ How this study relate to your field of preparation? ▪ In this article we talked about an empirical study: characteristics ofauditors and audit fees, therefore, this document hypothesizes that different auditors get different audit fees. Using the data of listed companies in China from 2010 to 2015, this paper builds theregression model of audit fees at the individual auditor level and finds that age, gender, educational background, industry specialization, the position and occupation have significant correlations with the audit. Rate. The results illustrate that the audit client considers an individual auditor level when choosing audit services and pays different levels of audit fees, providing empirical evidence for the selection and cultivation of auditors. ▪ Based on the above theories, this paper studies the determinants of audit fees at individual auditor level, including seven characteristics of the auditor’s (the characteristics of the population and profession). In our research design, we assign an indicator variable to each auditor who signs audit reports for multiple clients for multiple years. We then estimate an audit-feemodel by including these indicators, and control for audit client, audit firm, year and industry effects that could possibly affect audit fees. The results find that demographic and profesional characteristics of auditors have significant influence on audit fees:age and gender have significant positive correlations with audit fees, while education background , industry specialization, position, number of audit year and busyness all have positive correlations with audit fees..
sentences) ▪ give a brief introduction to give the nec cessary background to the study and state its purpose. ▪ Why was the study conducted? ▪ What was it about? ▪ Audit fee is the economic remuneration for auditors who provide audit services, which are an agency fee according to certain standards. The audit fee includes the total cost of auditthrough the overall audit work , the risk compensation and the profit demand. During the actual audit work, the audit fee influences not only audit quality, but also the development of accounting firms and audit industry. ▪ Therefore, audit fee is always the research focus of domestic andforeign scholars. Simunic first explores the determinants of audit fees using empirical evidence. He finds that the complexity of the business, asset size, asset-liability ratio, etc. all affect the level of audit fees. From then on, many scholars continue to study the determinants of the audit fees basing on Simunic’s audit fee model. Some scholars find that the PROCEDURES (3- 5 sentences)
This paper provides suggestions to China’s Ministry of Finance,China Institute of Certified Public Accountants and other institutions to develop accounting personnel training program to strengthen the younger generation of auditor’s professional skillseducation. From the perspective of audit client, Simunic first uses empiricalmethod to study the audit fee determinants and finds that the complexity of the business and asset size affect the level of audit fees. Firth and Francis and Stokes, using the data of different countries during different time, both find that the size of the auditclients and the complexity of the economic business are important determinants of audit fees. It can be seen from the existing literature of audit fee determinants that the determinants of the audit fees can be measured from the audit client and auditor level. From the perspective of the relationship between the firm and the audit fees, it can be found that firms which deliver “high quality” signalsto market tend to receive audit fee premiums..
individual auditors and are willing to pay different audit fees. Therefore, more disclosure of individual auditors’ information will reduce thesearch costs of audit clients and help clients select appropriate audit services more efficiently. Lexicon (10 words) ✓ Behavioral/Conductual: connected with behaviour. ✓ Choosing/Elegir: to decide which thing or person you wantout of the ones that are available. ✓ Remuneration/Remuneracion: an amount of money that ispaid to somebody for the work they have done. ✓ Through/Atraves de: from one end or side of something/somebody to the other. ✓ Assumption/presuncio: a belief or feeling that something istrue or that something will happen, although there is no proof. ✓ Specialization/especializacion: the process of becoming an expert in a particular 28rea of work, study or business; the 28rea28r spending more time on one 28rea of work, etc. Than on others. ✓ Behavior/comportamiento: the way that somebodybehaves, especially towards other people. ✓ Suggests/sugiere : to put forward an idea or a plan for otherpeople to think about. ✓ Demographic/demogáfico: data relating to the populationand different groups within it. ✓ Background/fondo: the details of a person’s family,education, experience, etc. Student’s name: Johann Rdz ARTICLE^ Nº:^3
sentences) ▪ give a brief introduction to give the nec cessary background to the study and state its purpose. ▪ Why was the study conducted? ▪ What was it about? Enterprise developments are critical for economic development globally as they catalyze a range of multiplier effects on the economic activities of countries. Primarily small enterprises are accepted worldwide as strategies for accelerating economic development, poverty reduction and creating employment. In Kenya, small enterprises have a major role in poverty reduction, economic development and have acted as pillars of a vibrant private sector. The study tries to look at the development of small businesses in Kenya and how they help the economy and population there. PROCEDURES (3- 5 sentences)
The descriptive and cross-sectional research designs were used to capture the situation among the entrepreneurs accounting systems. Sampling is stratified and systematic selected based on the sector of the economy they operate in. The study considered 2000 small enterprises that were registered by Micro and Small Enterprises Authority chapter of Makueni County and operated in the County. The stratification was based on the economic activity of the enterprises; manufacturing, servicing/financial, merchandising and retail, mining and quarrying, agriculture and others. The study concentrated on the key trade corridors in the county where 250 of the enterprises were sampled.
FINDINGS(3- 5 sentences) ▪ Discuss the major findings and results. ▪ How useful or significant is this? ▪ What did the author say about it? The entrepreneurs disagree that there is no need to keep records indicating they valued record keeping. No enterprise felt was too small not to warrant record keeping. Most of the records kept by enterprises in Makueni County were manual which explains the high response on this issue of accounting systems. Low awareness on importance of financial management in enterprises hinders the penetration of the use of accounting systems. CONCLUSIONS (3- 5 sentences) ▪ Summarize the researcher’s conclusions. ▪ What was the major outcome of the study? The government of Kenya through its revenue collecting body has been keen to loop in more people to pay taxes. The timing of the study coincided with a tax amnesty issued by the revenue authority. This was a deterrent to the entrepreneurs to answer all the questions in a concise and clear manner particularly those touching on business revenue. The researcher observed that entrepreneurs kept records to remember, observe progress, and track earnings. Makueni County entrepreneurs preferred the manual method of record keeping, which is tedious, error-prone, difficult to track fraud, and slow to generate financial reports for business decision making. Lexicon (10 words) ✓ Shopping/compras: The activity of going to shops and buying things or ordering them online. ✓ Sales : An act or the process of selling something. ✓ Accounting/contabilidad: The process or work of keeping financial accounts. ✓ Economy/economy: The relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or region. ✓ Management/administracion: The activity of running and controlling a business or similar organization. ✓ Means/medio: An action, an object or a system by which a result is achieved; a way of achieving or doing something.
