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USHE DEEP TECHNOLOGY JUNE 30th^2023 OPENFAST WIND TURBINE SIMULATION USER MANUAL Matt Thomas, Noah Boettcher and Abdennour Seibi Introduction Open-fast wind turbine simulation is an open-source analytic software to calculate blade loads, power generation, torque, and roughly 2900 other types of outputs selected from an excel file. This document will serve as a guide to installation and basic usage of the software. MATLAB will be used to generate plots and graphical data as well as PyDatView. All commands will be provided as well as the most current links to the software at this time of writing. Default inputs of 12m/s wind speed and a 63-meter blade are used. Tower height is 90 meters. It is recommended to download Notepad++, vscode, and PyDatView to read and edit files. Instructional videos covering this report have been uploaded to youtube. (65) How to use OpenFast wind turbine simulation software - YouTube
Downloading and Installing for Windows 10 (have not tested on 11) Installing and using OpenFAST can be challenging. The first challenge that is encountered is to make the user environment structure easy to follow and find. To mitigate this challenge, it is recommended to create a new folder in “My Documents” with a label/name that is easy to understand, such as “open fast”. This newly created folder is where you will download all the necessary files to use and run OpenFAST. Please visit the following link to download the files: OpenFAST/openfast: Main repository for the NREL-supported OpenFAST whole-turbine and FAST.Farm wind farm simulation codes. (github.com) Once the page has loaded, click the green code button near the top right corner as displayed in the screenshot below. It will open a drop-down menu. Select “download zip” Save the zip file to the newly created folder as previously mentioned. Once the download has completed, click the blue folder on the website called “reg_tests” and then click the blue
Open the second nested r-test folder, then open glue codes, then finally openfast. In the OpenFAST folder resides many test folders for a standard 5MW wind turbine with a blade length of 63 meters and a tower height of 90 meters. This next step is crucial. Copy the discon.dll file you downloaded and paste it into the “ServoData” folder within the 5MW_Baseline directory. Without this .dll file, the program will not run. Notice my file path in the address bar of the window in the image below.
Now that the .dll has been copied into the correct folder, its time to run a test. The easiest and most accurate test to run for testing purposes, is in the 5MW_Land_DLL_Wturb folder. Do not edit any of the files yet. This is just a basic test. To do this, right click on file explorer ( the yellow folder in your windows taksbar) and select file explorer. This will open another window that we will need. Navigate to the OpenFast folder where the openfast_x64.exe was downloaded too. Now, snap the window containing the .exe file to the left side of the screen, and then snap the 5mw_land_dll_wturb window to the right of the screen as shown in the image below.
Results and MATLAB plots (refer to the next section if you do not have MATLAB) For those wanting to use MATLAB to view the results, please follow this section. Once the first test has run and completed, MATLAB can be used to read the binary output file with the extension of .outb. This file contains all the basic default outputs and channel name. Each channel is a specific category that was calculated such as windspeed or torque generation. To read the .outb file, download the ReadFASTbinary.m file from the following link and make sure its in the SAME folder as the .fst file that was originally executed. matlab-toolbox/Utilities at main · OpenFAST/matlab-toolbox (github.com) Open this file in MATLAB but do not edit anything in the file. In the command window, copy and paste the code below into the MATLAB command window. Once you hit ENTER, it will automatically generate the matrices: -------- %% Run this command first %% Read a binary output file % Read file outbfile = '5MW_Land_DLL_WTurb.outb'; [Channels, ChanName, ChanUnit, FileID, DescStr] = ReadFASTbinary(outbfile); time = Channels(:,1); -------
This will produce a set of matrices that you can see on the right hand side or bottom left, depending on the MATLAB configuration. Notice the matrix named “channel names” double click that and it will show all the tests run as shown in the figure below: The matrix ChanName is 59 units in length, meaning it has 59 variables that can be examined using the MATLAB plot function. Using the code below, change the channel number to the desired output. For example, lets look at wind speed in x direction on channel 2: -------- %%Change the plot number to reflect the parameter in channel names matrix generated from above command. % Plot Channel 5 iChan= 5 figure() plot(time, Channels(:,iChan)) xlabel('Time (s)') ylabel([ChanName(iChan) ChanUnit(iChan)])
Using PyDatView to Read and Display OpenFAST Plots MATLAB is not needed to view the plots or results from the .outb binary file. MATLAB is an excellent tool to use, however, not every user or company has MATLAB or wants to spend the cash on a license. To download PyDatView, visit the link below, and scrol down to the assest section. Download the pydatview.exe file. It may have a simular name, but for windows, make sure to download the .exe Release version v0.3 (latest stable version) · ebranlard/pyDatView (github.com) Once it has been installed, Open pydatview and then drag and drop the .outb file onto the empty pydatview window. It will now be displaying all the information calculated by OpenFAST. To the left are all the channel names and data types. On the right-hand side, it will display the plot and associated information contained in said plot as shown in the image below.
Adding Inputs to the Outlist Section for Testing This section of the document explains the process of adding more inputs to the .dat files for testing. Each wind turbine folder contains several .dat files. For this example, using the 5MW_Land_DLL_Wturb folder, it has the following input files: Each one of these input files contains a section called the “outlist” as highlighted in the photo below. You can open and edit these files with Notepad++. For example, this is the ElastoDyn.dat file. The primary ElastoDyn input file defines modeling options and geometries for the OpenFAST structure including the tower, nacelle, drivetrain, and blades. It also sets the initial conditions for the structure. The items highlighted last such as “LsSGaGMya” are the input parameters. Usually, a description is provided to the right of these. To find the list of inputs, download the excel sheet below and click on the ElastoDyn tab at the bottom. This will have roughly 900 entries of input codes that can be used to add to the outlists section. Some of them may return
Changing the Wind-speed via the InflowWind Input File Sometimes the default 12m/s wind speed is not enough for some test simulations. To change this parameter, it can be very tricky due to the .fst file using 3 other files to call wind parameters into play. Examining the .fst file in the image below, the highlighted portion is the MAIN input file for the wind. It is found in the 5MW_Baseline folder. This InflowWind dat file will be used to edit the windspeed for the turbine. Navigate to this folder, right click on the .dat file highlighted above and edit with Notepad++. This will then open up the InflowWind file for editing. The most importatnt section of this file is at the very top where it mentions “Wind Type”. There are 6 different values to choose from. For this paper, we will be sticking with values (1) and (3).
A switch value of 1, tells the software to use a steady, constant stream of windspeed, such as 15m/s with no fluctuations. The default value of 3, is to use ANOTHER input file generated by TurbSim to create turbulent windspeeds at a default of 12m/s. Compare the 2 images below of turbulent vs steady. If using a switch value of 1, you will need to change the Hwindspeed parameter highlighted in blue above and below, to the desired value. You can see that 25m/s is being used for this example. Each wind type has its purpose, but the 2 best, easiest and accurate values to use are 1, and 3. The next section will cover how to use TurbSim to change the default 12m/s turbulent windspeed to another value.
Under the runtime options, line 9, turn that value from false to true. This will generate a .bts file for use to map in the InflowWind.dat file. Line 9 may be something different for other users, so just make sure to read the comment to the right and ensure that the value you are turning to “True” is indeed for the Rootname.bts generation. Once the value from false to true has been changed, save the file by using CTRL+S on the keyboard. The next set of values to change are extremely important. If they are wrong, the program will crash with a fatal error, stating that the grid in the z direction is too small. Follow the image below to change the Turbine model specifications section of the TurbSim.inp file in notepade++ It is important that the grid height is 155, any lower and the program fails stating that the grid is short by 8.23 meters, any higher, may cause similar issues. You can always test a larger number, but 155 works just fine. The error happens because in the aerodyn15.dat file, there are aerodynamic nodes placed along the tower below the blades, thus needing a big enough grid to cover said nodes with a full wind field. Be sure to save any new changes.
Next, we need to open a power shell from the current working directory. Do this simply by holding the shift key and right clicking on the empty white space of the opened TurbSim directory as shown in the image below. Make sure you do not have any files selected while doing this or it will open a different set of options. Once the power shell has opened, run the following command: .\TurbSim64.exe .\TurbSim.inp This will tell TurbSim to run the input file and generate the new .bts file to use for wind turbulence in the InflowWind.dat file. Do not drag and drop the .inp file over the .exe as we did for the openFAST program. We need to see if any errors occur and the only way to view this is via the command line as shown below. Notice TurbSim had a fatal error and aborted. If you check the newly created .bts file, it will show a file size of 0Kb. This is due to line 30 being set to “SMOOTH”. This parameter
Now open up PyDATView then drag and drop the newly created .bts file into the PyDATView window. This will then show the list of outputs. Clicking on the “u” will show the average wind speed generated by TurbSim. Once you have verified that there is data in the .bts file, copy and paste it to the wind directory in the 5MW_Baseline folder. Now navigate one directory back and open the NRELOffshrBsline5MW_InflowWind_12mps in notepad++. Find line 22 and edit the path (“Wind/90m_12mps_twr.bts) to reflect the name of your TurbSim.bts file “Wind/TurbSim.bts”. By default, the name should be TurbSim.bts. line 22 should reflect the following edit: “Wind/TurbSim.bts” The above input will now read your created turbulent wind file and generate data based from this file. Once you have saved the edits, go ahead, and run the 5MW_Land_DLL_Wturb.fst file again to generate data. It is recommended to do a minimum of 10 minutes for analysis time for both TurbSim and openFAST.
Changing Wind-speed in TurbSim Changing the wind speed in TurbSim is easy. Line 37, under the “Meteorological Boundary Conditions” has a default value of 18.2 m/s. Change this value to the desired input, save the file, and then re-run the commands above to generate the new .bts file. It is recommended to also change the “Useable Time” input from 60 seconds to at least 1000 seconds for better analysis. Once the .bts file is created, be sure to verify it by viewing it in pydatview to make sure the parameters are correct. Once verification is done, be sure to copy and paste the new .bts file into the “Wind” directory and re-run the .fst file by dragging and dropping it onto the openfast64.exe. Following these basic and intermediate steps will result in an OpenFast binary file that you can then use MATLAB to view as previously demonstrated. There are many options and inputs to add to the “outlists” section of the .dat input files for most or any type of analysis and presentations. If you want to change the average windspeed while keeping the Uref at a particular speed, such as 18.2 in the above image, change the random seed number which controls the instantaneous turbulence at a given moment. This will produce a different average each time. This allows you to make multiple files with different average speeds to calculate a better fatigue number.
