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PAKISTAN LOCATION AND TERRITORY
Pakistan on the world map is a state located in South Asia and is the fifth most populous state in the world with a population exceeding 233 million people. It borders India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, while Iran and China border respectively to the southwest and extreme northeast. Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic made up of four provinces and four federal territories. HISTORY The territory of present-day Pakistan was once home to various cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley culture. It was also subject to invasions and settlements by Hindus, Persians, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turkic Mongols, Afghans, and Sikhs. The entire region was ruled by numerous empires and dynasties such as the Maurya Empire, the
Achaemenid Empire, the Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Kingdom, and the British Empire. As a result of the efforts of the movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Indian independence movement, in 1947 Pakistan gained its independence and became the nation of Muslims living in the eastern and western regions of India, where they were the majority.. Initially Pakistan was a British domain, but in 1956 the country passed a constitution and became an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 led to the secession of East Pakistan, which was renamed Bangladesh. Pakistan's post-independence history has been marked by periods of military rule, political instability and conflict with neighboring India, another nuclear- armed country, over control of Kashmir. ETHNIC GROUPS The land that Pakistan occupies has been home to many vast civilizations dating back to the Neolithic and Bronze Age of the Indus Valley Civilization. A variety of cultures and ethnicities have emerged from this rich history, with identities and values specific to them. Punjabis Punjabis are the largest ethnic group in Pakistan and are generally the most dominant and influential people in the bureaucracy and military. Punjab province is the most prosperous and populous province in Pakistan. Pakhtuns or Pathans Originally from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in northwestern Pakistan. Sindhis
LANGUAGE
Pakistan has two official languages:
- English, used mainly for official purposes.
- Urdu, the country’s lingua franca and national language. The most popular languages are Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, Sindi, Seraiki, Baluchi and Hindi. Several of these languages are spoken by more than 10 million people. To them are added other more minority languages such as Shina, Khowar, Kohistani, Buruchasquio, Wají and Balti. Something similar happens in Pakistan in India, where there are 24 official languages. The proximity between both territories causes some language to be common, such as Punjabi. CLOTHING Pakistani clothing expresses the culture of Pakistan, the demographics of Pakistan, and the cultures of the Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, and Kashmir regions of the country. The clothing in each regional culture reflects the climatic conditions, the way of life and the distinctive style that gives it a unique identity among all cultures.
The shalwar kameez is the national dress of Pakistan and is worn by both men and women. BELIEFS AND RELIGIONS The state religion in Pakistan is Islam, which is practiced by 96.28% of the population. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Pakistani constitution, which established a fundamental right of Pakistani citizens, regardless of their religion, to equal rights.
Milaad un Nabi is a well-known religious festival that is celebrated all over Pakistan. The Milaad is the celebration of the birthday of the last Islamic prophet Muhammad. Independence Day On August 14, the people of Pakistan celebrate the day Pakistan gained its independence from British India and became an independent state for South Asian Muslims. The day begins with meetings and prayers in mosques across Pakistan where people pray for the betterment and success of their country. Early in the morning, a 21-gun salute is given to all those who contributed and lost their lives to achieve Independence. MUSIC As for Pakistani music, it is represented by a wide variety of aspects. From traditional styles, such as qawwali, to more modern styles that try to merge traditional Pakistani music with Western music. The master of qawwali, Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, in Pakistan is also known as The Legendary King Khan, whose family hails from Afghanistan, and is internationally famous for creating a style of music that synchronized qawwali with Western music. The appearance of Afghan refugees in the border provinces has revived Pashto and Persian music in Pakistan. Peshawar has become the center for Afghan musicians, and a distribution center for Afghan music abroad. PAKISTAN SPORTS Sport in Pakistan is an important part of Pakistani culture. Cricket is the most popular sport in Pakistan, while field hockey, polo and squash are also popular. [1] Traditional sports such as kabaddi and other well-known games are also practiced. The Pakistan Sports Board was created in 1962 by the Ministry of Education as a corporate body for the purpose of promoting and developing uniform standards of competition in sports in Pakistan
comparable to the standards prevailing internationally, and to regulate and control the sports in pakistan at national level. GASTRONOMY Food in everyday life: While at least 95 percent of the Pakistani population is Muslim, there are two eating customs that are followed almost universally. One is that Muslims do not eat pork. And the other is that during the month of Ramadan, fasting is a daily activity. Spices and curry are an essential part of any Pakistani recipe. The most common spices are chili powder, turmeric, garlic, paprika, black and red pepper, cumin seeds, bay leaf, coriander, cardamom, cloves, ginger, cinnamon, saffron, nutmeg and poppy seeds, among others. The use of yogurt to marinate meats is another typical recipe. Ghee, which is clarified butter, is another commonly used recipe and is often used for frying. Wheat and flour products are considered the mainstay of the daily diet, and the use of pickles, chutneys, preserves and sauces along with curried meats, seafood, vegetables and lentils and are the reason why Pakistani cuisine has such a unique flavor.
