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XNLEKCKDOLK EMLOKEMC HN JNVOLKXNLEKCKDOLK EMLOKEMC HN JNVOLK
OE\XOX^XK XNLEKCKDOLK HN GPKEXNPM LKJMCMRMOE\XOX^XK XNLEKCKDOLK HN GPKEXNPM LKJMCMRM
LMPPNPMLMPPNPM
OedneonrêmOedneonrêm ne dnstoüne dnstoüe njprnsmromce njprnsmromc
DPMHKDPMHK
4tk snjnstrn4tk snjnstrn
JMXNPOMJMXNPOM
DnDnstoüstoüe he hn Rn Rrkhullrkhull oüeoüe OOOO
XNJMXNJM
\kculoüe h\kculoüe hn lmn lmsk hn nstuhoksk hn nstuhok
HKLNEXNHKLNEXN
Oed. Jmrêm Hn Insùs \mulnhk DutoïrrnzOed. Jmrêm Hn Insùs \mulnhk Dutoïrrnz
N\X^HOMEXNN\X^HOMEXN
Nstnme Mcnimehrk WnNstnme Mcnimehrk Wncmslk Pnloekscmslk Pnloeks
Grketnrm Lkjmcmpm, Lfompms, m 06 hn Klturn hnc 0202Grketnrm Lkjmcmpm, Lfompms, m 06 hn Klturn hnc 0202
NinNinrlolrlol ok =ok =
@ne ns hunýk hn ue tmccnr hn rnpmrmloüe hn ololcnt@ne ns hunýk hn ue tmccnr hn rnpmrmloüe hnololcntms, y lmhm hêm hn trmmik (hn =2 fkrms)ms, y lmhm hêm hn trmmik (hn =2 fkrms)
cn nspnrme cms soduonetns tmrnms. Nc lkjprkjosk lke sus lconetns gun qun tkhms cms tmrnmscn nspnrme cms soduonetns tmrnms. Nc lkjprkjosk lke sus lconetns gun qun tkhms cms tmrnms
hn rnpmrmloüe hn ololcntms qun sn prnsnetme m lketoeumloüe nstmrême costms ne lonrtmshn rnpmrmloüe hnololcntms qun sn prnsnetme m lketoeumloüe nstmrême costms ne lonrtms
fkrms hnc hêm hn fky. Hntnrjoen nc krhne hn prokrohmh pmrm prkdrmjmr cms tmrnms utocozmehfkrms hnc hêm hn fky. Hntnrjoen nc krhne hn prokrohmh pmrm prkdrmjmr cms tmrnms utocozmehkk rndcms hn tonjpk hn vnelojonetk1 projnrk ne ccndmr, projnrk ne snr mtnehohk1 tonjpk hnrndcms hn tonjpk hn vnelojonetk1 projnrk ne ccndmr, projnrk ne snr mtnehohk1 tonjpk hn
prklnsmjonetk jís lkrtk1 fkcdurm tktmc, y prkpkrloüe lrêtolm. Cms tmrnms sn junstrme neprklnsmjonetk jís lkrtk1 fkcdurm tktmc, y prkpkrloüe lrêtolm. Cms tmrnms sn junstrme ne
nc krhne ne nc qun cks lconetns cms skcolotmrke.nc krhne ne nc qun cks lconetns cms skcolotmrke.
=.=. Jïtkhk projnrk ne ccndmr, projnrk ne snrJïtkhk projnrk ne ccndmr, projnrk ne snr mtnehohkmtnehohk
Krhne hn prokrohmhKrhne hn prokrohmh
Xmrnm hnXmrnm hn rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
XonjpkXonjpk fmstmfmstm rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe vnelojonetkvnelojonetk (frs)(frs)
XonjpkXonjpk nstojmhknstojmhk hnhn rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
Fkrm hnFkrm hn oeolokoeolok
Fkrm hnFkrm hn goemcozmloüegoemcozmloüe
PntrmskPntrmsk XonjpkXonjpk hnhn rntrmskrntrmsk
MM 00 0.>0.> 22 0.>0.> \o\o 2.>2.> @@ << 2.>2.> 0.>0.> << EkEk LL >> =.>=.> << 8.>8.> EkEk HH >> 00 8.>8.> 7.>7.> \o\o =.>=.> NN 77 2.>2.> 7.>7.> 44 \o\o == GG 44 == 44 66 \o\o == DD ?? == 66 ?? EkEk FF =2=2 =.>=.> ?? =2.>=2.> \o\o 2.>2.>
Xmrnm hnXmrnm hn rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
Xonjpk fmstmXonjpk fmstm rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
vnelojonetk (frs)vnelojonetk (frs)
Xonjpk nstojmhkXonjpk nstojmhk hn rnpmrmloüehn rnpmrmloüe
MM 00 0.>0.>
LL >> =.>=.>
HH >> 00
NN 77 2.>2.>
GG 44 ==
DD ?? ==
FF =2=2 =.>=.>
Xmrnm hnXmrnm hn rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
XonjpkXonjpk fmstmfmstm rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe vnelojonetkvnelojonetk
(frs)(frs)
XonjpkXonjpk nstojmhknstojmhk hnhn rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
Fkcdurm (tonjpk hnFkcdurm (tonjpk hn vnelojonetk/tonjpkvnelojonetk/tonjpk rnstmetn)rnstmetn)
MM 00 0.>0.> 2.62.
LL >> =.>=.> <.<<<.<<
HH >> 00 0.>0.>
NN 77 2.>2.>^ =0=
GG 44 == 44
DD ?? == ??
FF =2=2 =.>=.> 7.747.
Rrkpkrloüe lrotolmRrkpkrloüe lrotolm
Xmrnm hnXmrnm hn rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
XonjpkXonjpk fmstmfmstm rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe vnelojonetkvnelojonetk (frs)(frs)
XonjpkXonjpk nstojmhknstojmhk hnhn rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
Fkcdurm (tonjpk hnFkcdurm (tonjpk hn vnelojonetk/tonjpkvnelojonetk/tonjpk rnstmetn)rnstmetn)
Fkrm hnFkrm hn oeolokoeolok
Fkrm hnFkrm hn goemcozmloüegoemcozmloüe
PntrmskPntrmsk XonjpkXonjpk hnhn rntrmskrntrmsk
MM 00 0.>0.> 2.62.6 22 0.>0.> \o\o 2.>2.> HH >> 00 0.>0.> 0.>0.> 8.>8.> EkEk LL >> =.>=.> <.<<<.<< 8.>8.> 77 \o\o == @@ << 2.>2.> 77 77 7.>7.> \o\o <.><.> FF =2=2 =.>=.> 7.747.74 7.>7.> 66 EkEk GG 44 == 44 66 ?? \o\o 00 DD ?? == ?? ?? =2=2 \o\o == NN 77 2.>2.> =0=0 =2=2 =2.>=2.> \o\o 8.>8.>
Fkcdurm tktmcFkcdurm tktmc
Xmrnm hnXmrnm hn rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
Xonjpk fmstmXonjpk fmstm rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe vnelojonetkvnelojonetk (frs)(frs)
XonjpkXonjpk nstojmhk hnnstojmhk hn rnpmrmloüernpmrmloüe
FkcdurmFkcdurm FkrmFkrm hnhn oeolokoeolok
Fkrm hnFkrm hn goemcozmloüegoemcozmloüe
PntrmskPntrmsk XonjpkXonjpk hnhn rntrmskrntrmsk
MM 00 0.>0.> -2.>-2.> 22 0.>0.> \o\o 2.>2.> @@ << 2.>2.> 0.>0.> 0.>0.> << EkEk
LL >>^ =.>=.>^ <.><.>^ <<^ >>^ EkEk HH >> 00 << >> 7.>7.> \o\o =.>=.> NN 77 2.>2.> >.>>.> 7.>7.> 44 \o\o == GG 44 == 77 44 66 \o\o == DD ?? == 66 66 ?? EkEk FF =2=2 =.>=.> 6.>6.> ?? =2.>=2.> \o\o 2.>2.>
PnspunstmsPnspunstms
m)m) \o cks lconetns hn @ne nstíe hospu\o cks lconetns hn @ne nstíe hospunstks m mlnptmr ue codnstks m mlnptmr ue codnrk rntrmsk ne sus trmmnrk rntrmsk ne sus trmmiksiks
soe jkcnstmrsn, »luíc rndcm hnnrêm utocozmr y pkr quï;soe jkcnstmrsn, »luíc rndcm hnnrêm utocozmr y pkr quï;
^tocozmrêm cm rndcm hn projnrks ne^tocozmrêm cm rndcm hn projnrks ne ccndmr, projnrks ne snr mtnehohks pkrqunccndmr, projnrks ne snr mtnehohks pkrqun ckscks
lconetns qun ccndmrke projnrk sn nsgkrzmrke ne ccndmr jís tnjprmek qun ckslconetns qun ccndmrke projnrk sn nsgkrzmrke ne ccndmr jís tnjprmek qun cks hnjís.hnjís.
)) \o cks lconetns punhne jkcnstmrsn pkr nc fnlfk hn qun\o cks lconetns punhne jkcnstmrsn pkr nc fnlfk hn qun sus trmmiks ek nstíesus trmmiks ek nstíe
tnrjoemhks nxmltmjnetn lumehk cns gunrke prkjntohks, »luíc rndcm hnnrêmtnrjoemhks nxmltmjnetn lumehk cns gunrke prkjntohks, »luíc rndcm hnnrêm
utocozmr @ne y pkr quï;utocozmr @ne y pkr quï;
Cm rndcmCm rndcm hn vnelojonetk pkrqun msêhn vnelojonetk pkrqun msê vnrogolmrêm lumc ns ncvnrogolmrêm lumc ns nc prkhultk hnc lconetn qunprkhultk hnc lconetn qun
jís m prüxojk m vnelnr.jís m prüxojk m vnelnr.
l)l) M pmrtor hnM pmrtor hn cm oegkrjmloüe quncm oegkrjmloüe qun sn memcozü nesn memcozü ne nstn lmpêtuck, »luíc jïtkhk/negkqunnstn lmpêtuck, »luíc jïtkhk/negkqun
cn rnlkjnehmrêm m @ne qun mhkptmrm ne nc guturk metns hn ngnltumr sus tmrnms hncn rnlkjnehmrêm m @ne qun mhkptmrm ne nc guturk metns hn ngnltumr sus tmrnms hn
prkdrmjmloüe;prkdrmjmloüe;
Cm rndcm hCm rndcm hn vnelojonetk, ym qunn vnelojonetk, ym qun lke nstm rndcmlke nstm rndcm eks hmjks lunetmeks hmjks lunetm hn lumchn lumc prkhultkprkhultk
m snrvolok m nstm m prüxojk ne snr netrndmhk mc lconetn.m snrvolok m nstm m prüxojk ne snr netrndmhk mc lconetn.
\kculoüe mc oelosk )\kculoüe mc oelosk)
KpnrmloüeKpnrmloüe XonjpkXonjpk hnhn nspnrmnspnrm tktmc (joe)tktmc (joe)
MM 4>.>4>.>
LL =>8.8=>8.
HH =64.==64.=
NN ?0.<?0.<
GG 7<.=7<.=
KpnrmloüeKpnrmloüe LkjprkjoskLkjprkjosk hnhn
vnelojonetk (hêm)vnelojonetk (hêm)
Lkjprkjosk hnLkjprkjosk hn
oeolok (hêm)oeolok (hêm)
Joeutks hnJoeutks hn
oeolokoeolok
Lkjprkjosk hnLkjprkjosk hn
goe hn cmgoe hn cm mltovohmhmltovohmh
Joeutk hnJoeutk hn
goemcozmloüegoemcozmloüe
GG =7?=7? =7?=7? 8=7.?8=7.? =7?=7? 862862
NN =7?=7? =7?=7? <08.7<08.7 =7?=7? 8=7.?8=7.?
HH =7?=7? =7?=7? =<4.>=<4.> =7?=7? <08.7<08.
LL =7?=7? =76=76 87<.=87<.= =7?=7? =<4.>=<4.>
MM =76=76 =76=76 <>>.?<>>.? =76=76 8<=.88<=.
PnspunstmsPnspunstms
m.m. \o cm\o cm kpnrmloüe utocozm prkdrmjmloüe hornltmkpnrmloüe utocozm prkdrmjmloüe hornltm y cmezmy cmezm cm tmrnmcm tmrnm m prkhulloüem prkhulloüe oejnhomtmjnetn,oejnhomtmjnetn,
»luíehk hnnrêm nspnrmrsn qun sn rnmcozmrm, supkeonehk qun cm lmpmlohmh mprkpomhm»luíehk hnnrêm nspnrmrsn qun sn rnmcozmrm, supkeonehk qun cm lmpmlohmh mprkpomhm
nstí hospkeocn lumehk sn rnquonrm;nstí hospkeocn lumehk sn rnquonrm;
Ne ncNe nc hêm =8<hêm =8< sn oeolom cm prkhulloüe, ymsn oeolom cm prkhulloüe, ym nc pnhohk nstmrêm ncnc pnhohk nstmrêm nc hêm =88hêm =88 ym qun ekym qun ek ns julfkns julfk
nc tonjpk rnqunrohk pmrm lmhm ueohmh.nc tonjpk rnqunrohk pmrm lmhm ueohmh.
.. Nc lconetnNc lconetn fm skcolotmhk qunfm skcolotmhk qun nc pnhohknc pnhohk sn cnsn cn netrndun ncnetrndun nc hêm =42.hêm =42. \o sn\o sn utocozm prkdrmjmloüeutocozm prkdrmjmloüe
oevnrsm m pmrtor hn nsn hêm, »luíehk ns ck jís tmrhn qun hnn oeolomrsn cm tmrnm,oevnrsm m pmrtor hn nsn hêm, »luíehk ns ck jís tmrhn qun hnn oeolomrsn cm tmrnm,
eunvmjnetn supkeonehk qun cm lmpmlohmh mprkpomhm nstí hospkeoeunvmjnetn supkeonehk qun cm lmpmlohmh mprkpomhm nstí hospkeocn lumehk sn rnquonrm;cn lumehk sn rnquonrm;
Lke cmLke cm prkdrmjmloüe oevnrsm ck jísprkdrmjmloüe oevnrsm ck jís tmrhn quntmrhn qun sn pkhrêmsn pkhrêm oeolomrcoeolomrcm prkhulloüe nsm prkhulloüe ns ne ncne nc hêmhêm
=7? sndùe nc jïtkhk hn prkdrmjmloüe oevnrsm y msê lujpcor lke cm skcolotuh hnc lconetn=7? sndùe nc jïtkhk hn prkdrmjmloüe oevnrsm y msê lujpcor lke cm skcolotuh hnc lconetn
NinNinrlolrlol ok <ok <
Cms soduonetns tmrnms nstíe ne nspnrm hn snr prklnsmhms ne ue lnetrk hn trmmik. \n tonene 4Cms soduonetns tmrnms nstíe ne nspnrm hn snr prklnsmhms ne ue lnetrk hn trmmik. \n tonene 4
fkrms pkr lmhm hêm prkhultovk. Nstmjks ne nc proelopok hnc hêm 0==. Cks hêms hn vnelojonetk snfkrms pkr lmhm hêm prkhultovk. Nstmjks ne nc proelopok hnc hêm 0==. Cks hêms hn vnelojonetk sn
prnsnetme lumehk cms tmrnms ek sn fme lkjpcntmhk ne nc hêm prkjntohk, y sn costmrke sndùe ncprnsnetme lumehk cms tmrnms ek sn fme lkjpcntmhk ne nc hêm prkjntohk, y sn costmrke sndùe nc
krhne ne qun ccndmrke mc lnetrk hn trmmik. Ïstn utocozm ue sostnjm hn prokrohmh hn gnlfm hnkrhne ne qun ccndmrke mc lnetrk hn trmmik. Ïstn utocozm ue sostnjm hn prokrohmh hn gnlfm hn
vnelojonetk lke ue sostnjm hn projnrk ne ccndmr, projnrk ne snr mtnehohk pmrm nvotmr cks lmsksvnelojonetk lke ue sostnjm hn projnrk ne ccndmr, projnrk ne snr mtnehohk pmrm nvotmr cks lmsks
hn –njpmtn‚.hn –njpmtn‚.
XrmmikXrmmik LmetohmhLmetohmh HêmHêm hnhn
vnelojonetkvnelojonetk
Xonjpk hnXonjpk hn
lkegodurmloüelkegodurmloüe (joe)(joe)
Xonjpk nstíehmrXonjpk nstíehmr
pkr ponzm (joe)pkr ponzm (joe)
MM =02=02 0==0== <2<2 0.=0.=
LL =22=22 0=00=0 0202 =.0=.
HH 0>20>2 0=<0=< <><> =.>=.>
NN =>2=>2^ 0=80=8^ >2>2^ 0.<0.<
GG 022022 0=80=8 7>7> <.0<.
DD =>2=>2 0=80=8 <2<2 =.?=.?
PnspunstmsPnspunstms
m.m. ^tocoln lmrdm vnrtolmc pmrm^tocoln lmrdm vnrtolmc pmrm msodemr cmsmsodemr cms tmrnms mctmrnms mc lnetrk hnlnetrk hn trmmik, supkeonehk lmpmlohmhtrmmik, supkeonehk lmpmlohmh
oegoeotm. »]uï pksocns prkcnjms ohnetogolm y lüjk cks rnskcvnrêm;oegoeotm. »]uï pksocns prkcnjms ohnetogolm y lüjk cks rnskcvnrêm; Ne cmsNe cms kpnrmlokens @kpnrmlokens @ y Ly L sn nelketrmrke prkcnjmssn nelketrmrke prkcnjms jmykrns qunjmykrns qun tonene uetonene ue vnelojonetkvnelojonetk
nc hêm 0=0 y qun tonen ue gmctmetn hn 82 fkrms hn tonjpk, lke ck qun rnspnltk sn tonennc hêm 0=0 y qun tonen ue gmctmetn hn 82 fkrms hn tonjpk, lke ck qun rnspnltk sn tonen
lkjk prkpunstm hn ojpcnjnetmr uem mlloüe lkrrnltovm qun ns hovosoüe hn cm kpnrmloüe,lkjk prkpunstm hn ojpcnjnetmr uem mlloüe lkrrnltovm qun ns hovosoüe hn cm kpnrmloüe,
lkesostn ne msodemr jís rnlursks tmetk hn pnrskemc y nquopk, msê lkjk tmjoïe pmdmrlkesostn ne msodemr jís rnlursks tmetk hn pnrskemc y nquopk, msê lkjk tmjoïe pmdmr
pkr fkrms nxtrms pmrm prkhulor ne tonjpk y gkrjm cks mrtêlucks qun sn rnquonrne, jonetrmspkr fkrms nxtrms pmrm prkhulor ne tonjpk y gkrjm cks mrtêlucks qun sn rnquonrne, jonetrms
qun ne cms kpnrmlokensqun ne cms kpnrmlokens N, G y D qun vnelne ne nc hêm 0=8 qun tmjoïe tN, G y D qun vnelne ne nc hêm 0=8 qun tmjoïe tonene uem gmctmetnonene uem gmctmetn
hn 68? joeutks, lke nstks hmtks tmjoïe sn prkpken ojpcnjnetmr uem mlloüe lkrrnltovmhn 68? joeutks, lke nstks hmtks tmjoïe sn prkpken ojpcnjnetmr uem mlloüe lkrrnltovm
hn sulketrmtmloüe ck qun oeholm lketrmtmr m uem krdmeozmloüe nxtnrem pmrm gmrolmr ckshn sulketrmtmloüe ck qun oeholm lketrmtmr m uem krdmeozmloüe nxtnrem pmrm gmrolmr cks
mrtêlucks gmctmetns.mrtêlucks gmctmetns.
.. Mfkrm lmrdun cms tmrnms uMfkrm lmrdun cms tmrnms utocozmehk lmpmlohmh goeotm. Eunvmjnetn, »quï prkcnjmstocozmehk lmpmlohmh goeotm. Eunvmjnetn, »quï prkcnjms
ohnetogolm y lüjk cks rnskcvnrêm;ohnetogolm y lüjk cks rnskcvnrêm;
\n tonen\n tonen mgnltmlokens nemgnltmlokens ne cms netrndmscms netrndms hnhn cks pnhohkscks pnhohks ne ncne nc hêm 0=0hêm 0=0 ym qunym qun tonentonen tonjpktonjpk
gmctmetn hn 82gmctmetn hn 82 joeutksjoeutks pmrm lujpcor lke cks pnhohks, pkrpmrm lujpcor lke cks pnhohks, pkr ck qun snck qun sn mlkesnim ue trmscmpnmlkesnim ue trmscmpn
hn kpnrmlokens, ym qun ne nc hêm 0=< nxostn tonjpk rnstmetn pmrm lkjpcntmr cmshn kpnrmlokens, ym qun ne nc hêm 0=< nxostn tonjpk rnstmetn pmrm lkjpcntmr cms
kpnrmlokens rnstmetns y cm qun cn lkrrnspkehn m holfk hêm. Xmjoïe nxostn gmctmetn hnkpnrmlokens rnstmetns y cm qun cn lkrrnspkehn m holfk hêm. Xmjoïe nxostn gmctmetn hn
tonjpk ne nc hêm 0=8tonjpk ne nc hêm 0=8 y hnohk m qun ncy hnohk m qun nc tonjpktonjpk ns julfk sn mlkesnim qun uemns julfk sn mlkesnim qun uem hovosoüe hnhovosoüe hn
cktns, pmrm qun sn punhm hnspmlfmr uem lmetohmh jêeojm mc lconetn, jonetrms sn hnim nccktns, pmrm qun sn punhm hnspmlfmr uem lmetohmh jêeojm mc lconetn, jonetrms sn hnim nc
rnstk hnc pnhohk pnehonetn pmrm lkjpcntmrck ne uem gnlfm pkstnrokr.rnstk hnc pnhohk pnehonetn pmrm lkjpcntmrck ne uem gnlfm pkstnrokr.
