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DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN MEXICO
“The most pleasant and transcendental experience in my life has been the reunion with nature; its magnificent perfection and beauty; the fraternal generosity of life, where everything is masterfully combined.” Martha Isabel Ruiz Corzo In a country in which, according to INEGI, 78% of its population resides in urban areas, the extraction of natural resources is necessary for its sustenance, resources that are obtained from rural areas of Mexico for food and water supply in the cities; Mexico is considered a megadiverse country, ranking fourth at the international level, nevertheless environmental degradation increases year after year due to changes in land use and pollution processes, destroying an indefinite amount of habitats of endemic species ( Jiménez Sierra et al., 2014) Sustainable agriculture is an alternative for the restoration of the ecosystem and the efficiency of the food industry recognized by SADER as agricultural activity based on a productive and profitable system that generates development in the communities that practice it and that meets the requirements of adequately supplying food and preserving the potential of natural resources; In Mexican fields, sustainable agriculture has existed throughout its history, as mentioned (Torres-Lima et al., 1994) it was from the Aztec period in 1325 in which there were forms of agriculture that could hardly be equivalent in In other parts of the world, these are based on irrigation methods and canals through artificially built islets, although with the appearance of urban expansion the main agricultural points were moved to other parts of the republic.
Around 2001 and to strengthen and protect agricultural production in Mexico, subsidy and support campaigns were carried out for producers in the Mexican countryside, however, due to poor distribution, these went to a small group of large farmers with high inputs of technology in its production leaving unprotected those peasants and salaried workers unable to access inputs and technologies or who simply did not have land or access to credit. (Martínez Castañeda & Tapia Herrera, 2020), it was in 2014 that CONEVAL assured that 5.3 million Mexicans did not have enough income to buy food from the basic shopping basket, this was due to the great inequality between the rural and urban community pointing out that many people living in poverty sustains from the rural sector. (Baca del Moral and Reyes caves, 2018) Currently, the development of entrepreneurial agriculture in the Mexican countryside using pesticides and new technologies have resulted in the degradation of fields destined for agriculture and the contamination of aquifers, this is also due to this that low crop yields and therefore the increase in the cost of food supply for the population (Vargas González et al., 2019) Now we know that the deficient agricultural development in Mexico has caused the degradation of ecosystems and is strongly related to the poverty situation of the peasant and indigenous populations of our country; Julia Carabias Lillo maintains that caring for nature is the basis of social well-being and that the best way to intertwine both situations is by integrating the peasant and indigenous population in actions to preserve their own fields, but what are the actions to promote the restoration of the field in Mexico? (Gonzalez del Tánago, 1996) He explains us a series of strategies for the restoration of the agricultural ecosystem, he proposes that to reduce pollutants in bodies of water, it is
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Altieri, M. A., & Nicholls, C. I. (2010). Agroecologia: principios y estrategias para una agricultura sustentable en la America Latina del siglo XXI [Universidad de California, Berkeley]. https://www.projetovidanocampo.com.br/agroecologia/livro_do_altieri.pdf Baca del Moral, J., & cuevas Reyes, V. (2018). Desvinculación de las políticas públicas en el campo mexicano [Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo]. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/anda/v15n38/1870-0063-anda-15-38-319.pdf Gonzalez del Tánago, M. (1996). Impacto de la agricultura en los sistemas fluviales Técnicas de restauración para la conservación del suelo y del agua. Agricultura y Sociedad , 211–236. Jiménez Sierra, C. L., Sosa Ramírez, J., Cortés-Calva, P., Solís Cámara, A. B., Íñiguez Dávalos, L. I., & Ortega-Rubio, A. (2014). México país megadiverso y la relevancia de las áreas naturales protegidas. Investigación y Ciencia , 22 , 16–22. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id= Martínez Castañeda, F. E., & Tapia Herrera, F. (2020). Aprendizajes y trayectorias del sector agroalimentario mexicano durante el TLCAN. https://repositorio.iica.int/bitstream/handle/11324/11849/BVE20067964e.pdf? sequence=1&isAllowed=y Torres-Lima, P., Canabal-Cristiani, B., & Burela-Rueda, G. (1994). Urban sustainable agriculture: The paradox of the chinampa system in Mexico City. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF Vargas González, G., Alvarez Reyna, V. de P., Guigón López, C., Cano Ríos, P., & García Carrillo, M. (2019). Impacto ambiental por uso de plaguicidas en tres áreas de producción de melón en la Comarca Lagunera, México [Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila]. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/cuat/v13n2/2007-7858-cuat-13-02-113.pdf
