Prepara tus exámenes y mejora tus resultados gracias a la gran cantidad de recursos disponibles en Docsity
Gana puntos ayudando a otros estudiantes o consíguelos activando un Plan Premium
Prepara tus exámenes
Prepara tus exámenes y mejora tus resultados gracias a la gran cantidad de recursos disponibles en Docsity
Prepara tus exámenes con los documentos que comparten otros estudiantes como tú en Docsity
Los mejores documentos en venta realizados por estudiantes que han terminado sus estudios
Estudia con lecciones y exámenes resueltos basados en los programas académicos de las mejores universidades
Responde a preguntas de exámenes reales y pon a prueba tu preparación
Consigue puntos base para descargar
Gana puntos ayudando a otros estudiantes o consíguelos activando un Plan Premium
Comunidad
Pide ayuda a la comunidad y resuelve tus dudas de estudio
Descubre las mejores universidades de tu país según los usuarios de Docsity
Ebooks gratuitos
Descarga nuestras guías gratuitas sobre técnicas de estudio, métodos para controlar la ansiedad y consejos para la tesis preparadas por los tutores de Docsity
Material de estudio del código fss. Importante en el mundo marítimo
Tipo: Monografías, Ensayos
1 / 43
Esta página no es visible en la vista previa
¡No te pierdas las partes importantes!
OBS: O texto em inglês que se segue não está consolidado com as emendas adotadas pela Resolução MSC.217(82), que entraram em vigor em 01 de julho de 2008. A sua leitura deve ser efetuada juntamente com aquelas emendas.
(adopted on 5 December 2000)
ADOPTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS
RECALLING Article 28(b) of the Convention on the International Maritime Organization concerning the functions of the Committee,
NOTING the revision of chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 (hereinafter referred to as “the Convention ” ),
RECOGNIZING the need to continue the mandatory application of the fire safety systems required by the revised chapter II-2 of the Convention,
NOTING resolution MSC.99(73) by which it adopted, inter alia, the revised chapter II- of the Convention to make the provisions of the International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code) mandatory under the Convention,
HAVING CONSIDERED, at its seventy-third session, the text of the proposed FSS Code,
Page 3
(Fire Safety Systems Code)
1 The purpose of this Code is to provide international standards of specific engineering specifications for fire safety systems required by chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended.
2 On or after 1 July 2002, this Code will be mandatory for fire safety systems required by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended. Any future amendment to the Code must be adopted and brought into force in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article VIII of the Convention.
Page 4
1 Application
1.1 This code is applicable to fire safety systems as referred to in chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended.
1.2 Unless expressly provided otherwise, this Code is applicable for the fire safety systems of ships the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 July 2002.
2 Definitions
2.1 Administration means the Government of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly.
2.2 Convention means the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended.
2.3 Fire Safety Systems Code means the International Code for Fire Safety Systems as defined in chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended.
2.4 For the purpose of this Code, definitions provided in chapter II-2 of the Convention also apply.
3 Use of equivalents and modern technology
In order to allow modern technology and development of fire safety systems, the Administrations may approve fire safety systems which are not specified in this Code if the requirements of Part F of chapter II-2 of the Convention are fulfilled.
4 Use of toxic extinguishing media
The use of a fire-extinguishing medium which, in the opinion of the Administration, either by itself or under expected conditions of use gives off toxic gases, liquids and other substances in such quantities as to endanger persons shall not be permitted.
1 Application
This chapter details the specifications for international shore connections as required by chapter II-2 of the Convention.
2 Engineering specifications
2.1 Standard dimensions
Standard dimensions of flanges for the international shore connection shall be in accordance with the following table:
Page 6
.4 electric safety lamp (hand lantern) of an approved type with a minimum burning period of 3 h. Electric safety lamps on tankers and those intended to be used in hazardous areas shall be of an explosion-proof type; and
.5 axe with a handle provided with high-voltage insulation.
2.1.2 Breathing apparatus
Breathing apparatus shall be a self-contained compressed air-operated breathing apparatus for which the volume of air contained in the cylinders shall be at least 1,200 l , or other self-contained breathing apparatus which shall be capable of functioning for at least 30 min. All air cylinders for breathing apparatus shall be interchangeable.
2.1.3 Lifeline
For each breathing apparatus a fireproof lifeline of at least 30 m in length shall be provided. The lifeline shall successfully pass an approval test by statical load of 3.5 kN for 5 min without failure. The lifeline shall be capable of being attached by means of a snap-hook to the harness of the apparatus or to a separate belt in order to prevent the breathing apparatus becoming detached when the lifeline is operated.
2.2 Emergency escape breathing devices (EEBD)
2.2.1 General
2.2.1.1 An EEBD is a supplied air or oxygen device only used for escape from a compartment that has a hazardous atmosphere and shall be of an approved type.
2.2.1.2 EEBDs shall not be used for fighting fires, entering oxygen deficient voids or tanks, or worn by fire-fighters. In these events, a self-contained breathing apparatus, which is specifically suited for such applications, shall be used.
2.2.2 Definitions
2.2.2.1 Face piece means a face covering that is designed to form a complete seal around the eyes, nose and mouth which is secured in position by a suitable means.
2.2.2.2 Hood means a head covering which completely covers the head, neck, and may cover portions of the shoulders.
2.2.2.3 Hazardous atmosphere means any atmosphere that is immediately dangerous to life or health.
2.2.3 Particulars
2.2.3.1 The EEBD shall have a service duration of at least 10 min.
Page 7
2.2.3.2 The EEBD shall include a hood or full face piece, as appropriate, to protect the eyes, nose and mouth during escape. Hoods and face pieces shall be constructed of flame resistant materials and include a clear window for viewing.
2.2.3.3 An inactivated EEBD shall be capable of being carried hands-free.
2.2.3.4 An EEBD, when stored, shall be suitably protected from the environment.
2.2.3.5 Brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating their use shall be clearly printed on the EEBD. The donning procedures shall be quick and easy to allow for situations where there is little time to seek safety from a hazardous atmosphere.
2.2.4 Markings
Maintenance requirements, manufacturer’s trademark and serial number, shelf life with accompanying manufacture date and name of approving authority shall be printed on each EEBD. All EEBD training units shall be clearly marked.
CHAPTER 4 - FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
1 Application
This chapter details the specifications for fire extinguishers as required by chapter II-2 of the Convention.
1.2 Type approval
All fire extinguishers shall be of approved types and designs based on the guidelines developed by the Organization.*
2 Engineering specifications
2.1 Fire extinguisher
2.1.1 Quantity of medium
2.1.1.1 Each powder or carbon dioxide extinguisher shall have a capacity of at least 5 kg and each foam extinguisher shall have a capacity of at least 9 l. The mass of all portable fire extinguishers shall not exceed 23 kg and they shall have a fire-extinguishing capability at least equivalent to that of a 9 l fluid extinguisher.
2.1.1.2 The Administration shall determine the equivalents of fire extinguishers.
2.1.2 Recharging
Only refills approved for the fire extinguisher in question shall be used for recharging.
Page 9
2.1.3 System control requirements
2.1.3.1 The necessary pipes for conveying fire-extinguishing medium into the protected spaces shall be provided with control valves so marked as to indicate clearly the spaces to which the pipes are led. Suitable provision shall be made to prevent inadvertent release of the medium into the space. Where a cargo space fitted with a gas fire-extinguishing system is used as a passenger space, the gas connection shall be blanked during such use. The pipes may pass through accommodations providing that they are of substantial thickness and that their tightness is verified with a pressure test, after their installation, at a pressure head not less than 5 N/mm^2. In addition, pipes passing through accommodation areas shall be joined only by welding and shall not be fitted with drains or other openings within such spaces. The pipes shall not pass through refrigerated spaces.
2.1.3.2 Means shall be provided for automatically giving audible warning of the release of fire-extinguishing medium into any ro-ro spaces and other spaces in which personnel normally work or to which they have access. The pre-discharge alarm shall be automatically activated (e.g., by opening of the release cabinet door). The alarm shall operate for the length of time needed to evacuate the space, but in no case less than 20 s before the medium is released. Conventional cargo spaces and small spaces (such as compressor rooms, paint lockers, etc.) with only a local release need not be provided with such an alarm.
2.1.3.3 The means of control of any fixed gas fire-extinguishing system shall be readily accessible, simple to operate and shall be grouped together in as few locations as possible at positions not likely to be cut off by a fire in a protected space. At each location there shall be clear instructions relating to the operation of the system having regard to the safety of personnel.
2.1.3.4 Automatic release of fire-extinguishing medium shall not be permitted, except as permitted by the Administration.
2.2 Carbon dioxide systems
2.2.1 Quantity of fire extinguishing medium
2.2.1.1 For cargo spaces the quantity of carbon dioxide available shall, unless otherwise provided, be sufficient to give a minimum volume of free gas equal to 30% of the gross volume of the largest cargo space to be protected in the ship.
2.2.1.2 For machinery spaces the quantity of carbon dioxide carried shall be sufficient to give a minimum volume of free gas equal to the larger of the following volumes, either:
.1 40% of the gross volume of the largest machinery space so protected, the volume to exclude that part of the casing above the level at which the horizontal area of the casing is 40% or less of the horizontal area of the space concerned taken midway between the tank top and the lowest part of the casing; or
.2 35% of the gross volume of the largest machinery space protected, including the casing.
Page 10
2.2.1.3 The percentages specified in paragraph 2.2.1.2 above may be reduced to 35% and 30%, respectively, for cargo ships of less than 2,000 gross tonnage where two or more machinery spaces, which are not entirely separate, are considered as forming one space.
2.2.1.4 For the purpose of this paragraph the volume of free carbon dioxide shall be calculated at 0.56 m^3 /kg.
2.2.1.5 For machinery spaces the fixed piping system shall be such that 85% of the gas can be discharged into the space within 2 min.
2.2.2 Controls
Carbon dioxide systems shall comply with the following requirements:
.1 two separate controls shall be provided for releasing carbon dioxide into a protected space and to ensure the activation of the alarm. One control shall be used for opening the valve of the piping which conveys the gas into the protected space and a second control shall be used to discharge the gas from its storage containers; and
.2 the two controls shall be located inside a release box clearly identified for the particular space. If the box containing the controls is to be locked, a key to the box shall be in a break-glass-type enclosure conspicuously located adjacent to the box.
2.3 Requirements of steam systems
The boiler or boilers available for supplying steam shall have an evaporation of at least 1 kg of steam per hour for each 0.75 m^3 of the gross volume of the largest space so protected. In addition to complying with the foregoing requirements the systems in all respects shall be as determined by, and to the satisfaction of, the Administration.
2.4 Systems using gaseous products of fuel combustion
2.4.1 General
Where gas other than carbon dioxide or steam, as permitted by paragraph 2.3, is produced on the ship and is used as a fire-extinguishing medium, the system shall comply with the requirements in paragraph 2.4.2.
2.4.2 Requirements of the systems
2.4.2.1 Gaseous products
Gas shall be a gaseous product of fuel combustion in which the oxygen content, the carbon monoxide content, the corrosive elements and any solid combustible elements in a gaseous product shall have been reduced to a permissible minimum.
Page 12
2.2.1.3 The Administration may permit alternative arrangements and discharge rates provided that it is satisfied that equivalent protection is achieved.
2.2.2 Installation requirements
2.2.2.1 Supply ducts for delivering foam, air intakes to the foam generator and the number of foam-producing units shall in the opinion of the Administration be such as will provide effective foam production and distribution.
2.2.2.2 The arrangement of the foam generator delivery ducting shall be such that a fire in the protected space will not affect the foam generating equipment. If the foam generators are located adjacent to the protected space, foam delivery ducts shall be installed to allow at least 450 mm of separation between the generators and the protected space. The foam delivery ducts shall be constructed of steel having a thickness of not less than 5 mm. In addition, stainless steel dampers (single or multi-bladed) with a thickness of not less than 3 mm shall be installed at the openings in the boundary bulkheads or decks between the foam generators and the protected space. The dampers shall be automatically operated (electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically) by means of remote control of the foam generator related to them.
2.2.2.3 The foam generator, its sources of power supply, foam-forming liquid and means of controlling the system shall be readily accessible and simple to operate and shall be grouped in as few locations as possible at positions not likely to be cut off by a fire in the protected space.
2.3 Fixed low-expansion foam fire -extinguishing systems
2.3.1 Quantity and foam concentrates
2.3.1.1 The foam concentrates of low-expansion foam fire-extinguishing systems shall be approved by the Administration based on the guidelines developed by the Organization.*
2.3.1.2 The system shall be capable of discharging through fixed discharge outlets in not more than 5 min a quantity of foam sufficient to cover to a depth of 150 mm the largest single area over which oil fuel is liable to spread. The expansion ratio of the foam shall not exceed 12 to 1.
2.3.2 Installation requirements
2.3.2.1 Means shall be provided for the effective distribution of the foam through a permanent system of piping and control valves or cocks to suitable discharge outlets, and for the foam to be effectively directed by fixed sprayers on other main fire hazards in the protected space. The means for effective distribution of the foam shall be proven acceptable to the Administration through calculation or by testing.
2.3.2.2 The means of control of any such systems shall be readily accessible and simple to operate and shall be grouped together in as few locations as possible at positions not likely to be cut off by a fire in the protected space.
Page 13
1 Application
This chapter details the specifications for fixed pressure water-spraying and water-mist fire-extinguishing systems as required by chapter II-2 of the Convention.
2 Engineering specifications
2.1 Fixed pressure water-spraying fire-extinguishing systems
2.1.1 Nozzles and pumps
2.1.1.1 Any required fixed pressure water-spraying fire-extinguishing system in machinery spaces shall be provided with spraying nozzles of an approved type.
2.1.1.2 The number and arrangement of the nozzles shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration and shall be such as to ensure an effective average distribution of water of at least 5 l /m^2 /min in the spaces to be protected. Where increased application rates are considered necessary, these shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.
2.1.1.3 Precautions shall be taken to prevent the nozzles from becoming clogged by impurities in the water or corrosion of piping, nozzles, valves and pump.
2.1.1.4 The pump shall be capable of simultaneously supplying at the necessary pressure all sections of the system in any one compartment to be protected.
2.1.1.5 The pump may be driven by an independent internal combustion machinery, but, if it is dependent upon power being supplied from the emergency generator fitted in compliance with the provisions of regulation II-1/42 or regulation II-1/43 of the Convention, as appropriate, that generator shall be so arranged as to start automatically in case of main power failure so that power for the pump required by paragraph 2.1.1.4 is immediately available. The independent internal combustion machinery for driving the pump shall be so situated that a fire in the protected space or spaces will not affect the air supply to the machinery.
2.1.2 Installation requirements
2.1.2.1 Nozzles shall be fitted above bilges, tank tops and other areas over which oil fuel is liable to spread and also above other specific fire hazards in the machinery spaces.
2.1.2.2 The system may be divided into sections, the distribution valves of which shall be operated from easily accessible positions outside the spaces to be protected so as not to be readily cut off by a fire in the protected space.
Page 15
2.2 Sources of power supply
2.2.1 Passenger ships
There shall be not less than two sources of power supply for the sea water pump and automatic alarm and detection system. Where the sources of power for the pump are electrical, these shall be a main generator and an emergency source of power. One supply for the pump shall be taken from the main switchboard, and one from the emergency switchboard by separate feeders reserved solely for that purpose. The feeders shall be so arranged as to avoid galleys, machinery spaces and other enclosed spaces of high fire risk except in so far as it is necessary to reach the appropriate switchboards, and shall be run to an automatic changeover switch situated near the sprinkler pump. This switch shall permit the supply of power from the main switchboard so long as a supply is available therefrom, and be so designed that upon failure of that supply it will automatically change over to the supply from the emergency switchboard. The switches on the main switchboard and the emergency switchboard shall be clearly labelled and normally kept closed. No other switch shall be permitted in the feeders concerned. One of the sources of power supply for the alarm and detection system shall be an emergency source. Where one of the sources of power for the pump is an internal combustion engine it shall, in addition to complying with the provisions of paragraph 2.4.3, be so situated that a fire in any protected space will not affect the air supply to the machinery.
2.2.2 Cargo ships
There shall not be less than two sources of power supply for the sea water pump and automatic alarm and detection system. If the pump is electrically driven it shall be connected to the main source of electrical power, which shall be capable of being supplied by at least two generators. The feeders shall be so arranged as to avoid galleys, machinery spaces and other enclosed spaces of high fire risk except in so far as it is necessary to reach the appropriate switchboards. One of the sources of power supply for the alarm and detection system shall be an emergency source. Where one of the sources of power for the pump is an internal combustion engine it shall, in addition to complying with the provisions of paragraph 2.4.3, be so situated that a fire in any protected space will not affect the air supply to the machinery.
2.3 Component requirements
2.3.1 Sprinklers
2.3.1.1 The sprinklers shall be resistant to corrosion by marine atmosphere. In accommodation and service spaces the sprinklers shall come into operation within the temperature range from 68 oC to 79oC, except that in locations such as drying rooms, where high ambient temperatures might be expected, the operating temperature may be increased by not more than 30oC above the maximum deckhead temperature.
2.3.1.2 A quantity of spare sprinkler heads shall be provided for all types and ratings installed on the ship as follows:
Total number of heads Required number of spares
<300 6 300 to 1000 12
1000 24
Page 16
The number of spare sprinkler heads of any type need not exceed the total number of heads installed of that type.
2.3.2 Pressure tanks
2.3.2.1 A pressure tank having a volume equal to at least twice that of the charge of water specified in this paragraph shall be provided. The tank shall contain a standing charge of fresh water, equivalent to the amount of water which would be discharged in one minute by the pump referred to in paragraph 2.3.3.2, and the arrangements shall provide for maintaining an air pressure in the tank such as to ensure that where the standing charge of fresh water in the tank has been used the pressure will be not less than the working pressure of the sprinkler, plus the pressure exerted by a head of water measured from the bottom of the tank to the highest sprinkler in the system. Suitable means of replenishing the air under pressure and of replenishing the fresh water charge in the tank shall be provided. A glass gauge shall be provided to indicate the correct level of the water in the tank.
2.3.2.2 Means shall be provided to prevent the passage of sea water into the tank.
2.3.3 Sprinkler pumps
2.3.3.1 An independent power pump shall be provided solely for the purpose of continuing automatically the discharge of water from the sprinklers. The pump shall be brought into action automatically by the pressure drop in the system before the standing fresh water charge in the pressure tank is completely exhausted.
2.3.3.2 The pump and the piping system shall be capable of maintaining the necessary pressure at the level of the highest sprinkler to ensure a continuous output of water sufficient for the simultaneous coverage of a minimum area of 280 m^2 at the application rate specified in paragraph 2.5.2.3. The hydraulic capability of the system shall be confirmed by the review of hydraulic calculations, followed by a test of the system, if deemed necessary by the Administration.
2.3.3.3 The pump shall have fitted on the delivery side a test valve with a short open-ended discharge pipe. The effective area through the valve and pipe shall be adequate to permit the release of the required pump output while maintaining the pressure in the system specified in paragraph 2.3.2.1.
2.4 Installation requirements
2.4.1 General
Any parts of the system which may be subjected to freezing temperatures in service shall be suitably protected against freezing.
2.4.2 Piping arrangements
2.4.2.1 Sprinklers shall be grouped into separate sections, each of which shall contain not more than 200 sprinklers. In passenger ships any section of sprinklers shall not serve more than two decks and shall not be situated in more than one main vertical zone. However, the
Page 18
and audible alarms from the unit shall also be placed in a position other than on the aforementioned spaces to ensure that the indication of fire is immediately received by the crew.
2.5.2.2 Switches shall be provided at one of the indicating positions referred to in paragraph 2.5.2.1 which will enable the alarm and the indicators for each section of sprinklers to be tested.
2.5.2.3 Sprinklers shall be placed in an overhead position and spaced in a suitable pattern to maintain an average application rate of not less than 5 l /m^2 /min over the nominal area covered by the sprinklers. However, the Administration may permit the use of sprinklers providing such an alternative amount of water suitably distributed as has been shown to the satisfaction of the Administration to be not less effective.
2.5.2.4 A list or plan shall be displayed at each indicating unit showing the spaces covered and the location of the zone in respect of each section. Suitable instructions for testing and maintenance shall be available.
2.5.3 Testing
Means shall be provided for testing the automatic operation of the pump on reduction of pressure in the system.
CHAPTER 9 - FIXED FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
1 Application
This chapter details the specifications for fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems as required by chapter II-2 of the Convention.
2 Engineering specifications
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Any required fixed fire detection and fire alarm system with manually operated call points shall be capable of immediate operation at all times.
2.1.2 The fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall not be used for any other purpose, except that closing of fire doors and similar functions may be permitted at the control panel.
2.1.3 The system and equipment shall be suitably designed to withstand supply voltage variation and transients, ambient temperature changes, vibration, humidity, shock, impact and corrosion normally encountered in ships.
2.1.4 Zone address identification capability
Fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems with a zone address identification capability shall be so arranged that:
Page 19
.1 means are provided to ensure that any fault (e.g. power break, short circuit, earth, etc.) occurring in the loop will not render the whole loop ineffective;
.2 all arrangements are made to enable the initial configuration of the system to be restored in the event of failure (e.g. electrical, electronic, informatics, etc.);
.3 the first initiated fire alarm will not prevent any other detector from initiating further fire alarms; and
.4 no loop will pass through a space twice. When this is not practical (e.g. for large public spaces), the part of the loop which by necessity passes through the space for a second time shall be installed at the maximum possible distance from the other parts of the loop.
2.2 Sources of power supply
There shall be not less than two sources of power supply for the electrical equipment used in the operation of the fixed fire detection and fire alarm system, one of which shall be an emergency source. The supply shall be provided by separate feeders reserved solely for that purpose. Such feeders shall run to an automatic change-over switch situated in or adjacent to the control panel for the fire detection system.
2.3 Component requirements
2.3.1 Detectors
2.3.1.1 Detectors shall be operated by heat, smoke or other products of combustion, flame, or any combination of these factors. Detectors operated by other factors indicative of incipient fires may be considered by the Administration provided that they are no less sensitive than such detectors. Flame detectors shall only be used in addition to smoke or heat detectors.
2.3.1.2 Smoke detectors required in all stairways, corridors and escape routes within accommodation spaces shall be certified to operate before the smoke density exceeds 12.5% obscuration per metre, but not until the smoke density exceeds 2% obscuration per metre. Smoke detectors to be installed in other spaces shall operate within sensitivity limits to the satisfaction of the Administration having regard to the avoidance of detector insensitivity or oversensitivity.
2.3.1.3 Heat detectors shall be certified to operate before the temperature exceeds 78oC but not until the temperature exceeds 54oC, when the temperature is raised to those limits at a rate less than 1oC per minute. At higher rates of temperature rise, the heat detector shall operate within temperature limits to the satisfaction of the Administration having regard to the avoidance of detector insensitivity or oversensitivity.
2.3.1.4 The operation temperature of heat detectors in drying rooms and similar spaces of a normal high ambient temperature may be up to 130oC, and up to 140oC in saunas.
2.3.1.5 All detectors shall be of a type such that they can be tested for correct operation and restored to normal surveillance without the renewal of any component.
