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world NCLEX exam review Questions with complete solutions. Qs The nurse is instituting se, Exams of Nursing

world NCLEX exam review Questions with complete solutions. Qs The nurse is instituting seizure precautions for a client who is being admitted from the emergency department. Which measures should the nurse include in planning for the client's safety? Select all that apply. 1. Padding the side rails of the bed. 2. Placing an airway at the bedside. 3. Placing the bed in the high position 4. Putting a padded tongue blade at the head of the bed 5. Placing oxygen and suction equipment at the bedside 6. Flushing the intravenous catheter to ensure that the site is patent. - n

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world NCLEX exam review Questions with
complete solutions.
Qs
The nurse is instituting seizure precautions for a client who is being admitted from the
emergency department. Which measures should the nurse include in planning for the
client's safety? Select all that apply.
1. Padding the side rails of the bed.
2. Placing an airway at the bedside.
3. Placing the bed in the high position
4. Putting a padded tongue blade at the head of the bed
5. Placing oxygen and suction equipment at the bedside
6. Flushing the intravenous catheter to ensure that the site is patent. - n
Ans✔✔
1, 2, 5, 6
Seizure precautions may vary from agency to agency, but they generally have some
common features. Usually, an airway, oxygen, and suctioning equipment are kept
available at the bedside. The side rails of the bed are padded, and the bed is kept in the
lowest position. The client has an intravenous access in place to have a readily accessible
route if antiseizure medications must be administered, and as part of the routine
assessment the nurse should be checking the patency of the catheter. The use of padded
tongue blades is highly controversial, and they should not be kept at the bedside. Forcing
a tongue blade into the mouth during a seizure more likely will harm the client who bites
down during seizure activity. Risks include blocking the airway from improper placement,
chipping the client's teeth, and subsequent risk of aspirating tooth fragments. If the client
has an aura before the seizure, it may give
Qs
The nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a craniotomy and has a supratentorial
incision. The nurse should place the client in which position postoperatively?
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world NCLEX exam review Questions with

complete solutions.

Qs The nurse is instituting seizure precautions for a client who is being admitted from the emergency department. Which measures should the nurse include in planning for the client's safety? Select all that apply.

  1. Padding the side rails of the bed.
  2. Placing an airway at the bedside.
  3. Placing the bed in the high position
  4. Putting a padded tongue blade at the head of the bed
  5. Placing oxygen and suction equipment at the bedside
  6. Flushing the intravenous catheter to ensure that the site is patent. - n Ans✔✔ 1, 2, 5, 6 Seizure precautions may vary from agency to agency, but they generally have some common features. Usually, an airway, oxygen, and suctioning equipment are kept available at the bedside. The side rails of the bed are padded, and the bed is kept in the lowest position. The client has an intravenous access in place to have a readily accessible route if antiseizure medications must be administered, and as part of the routine assessment the nurse should be checking the patency of the catheter. The use of padded tongue blades is highly controversial, and they should not be kept at the bedside. Forcing a tongue blade into the mouth during a seizure more likely will harm the client who bites down during seizure activity. Risks include blocking the airway from improper placement, chipping the client's teeth, and subsequent risk of aspirating tooth fragments. If the client has an aura before the seizure, it may give Qs The nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a craniotomy and has a supratentorial incision. The nurse should place the client in which position postoperatively?
  1. Head of bed flat, head and neck midline.
  2. Head of bed flat, head turned to the nonoperative side
  3. Head of bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees, head and neck midline
  4. Head of bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees, head turned to the operative side - n Ans✔✔ 3 After a supratentorial surgery, the head is kept at a 30-45 degree angle. The head and neck should not be angled either anteriorly or laterally but rather should be kept in a neutral (midline) position. This promotes venous return through the jugular veins, which will help prevent a rise in intracranial pressure. Qs A nurse is evaluating an acutely ill client with suspected meningitis. The nurse should take what action first?
    1. Check for Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs
    2. Establish IV access
    3. Place the client on droplet precautions
    4. Prepare the client for lumbar puncture - n Ans✔✔
  5. Place the client on droplet precautions. The client with suspected bacterial meningitis should be placed on droplet precaution isolation until the causative agent has been identified and appropriate treatment is initiated. Meningococcal meningitis and Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis are highly transmissible to others, and the client must remain on droplet isolation until these can be ruled out. Precautions can usually be discontinued 24 hours after beginning antibiotic therapy. Viral meningitis and other types of bacterial meningitis (ie, other than meningococcal meningitis) usually do not require droplet precautions.

Qs A client comes to the emergency department with diplopia and recent onset of nausea. Which statement by the client would indicate to the nurse that this is an emergency?

  1. "I am very tired, and it's hard for me to keep my eyes open."
  2. "I don't feel good, and I want to be seen."
  3. "I have not taken my blood pressure medicine in over a week."
  4. "I have the worst headache I've ever had in my life." - n Ans✔✔ 4 A ruptured cerebral aneurysm is a surgical emergency with a high mortality rate. Cerebral aneurysms are usually asymptomatic unless they rupture; they are often called "silent killers" as they may go undetected for many years before rupturing without warning signs. The distinctive description of a cerebral aneurysm rupture is the abrupt onset of "the worst headache of my life" that is different from previous headaches (including migraines). Immediate evaluation for a possible ruptured aneurysm is critical for any client experiencing a severe headache with changes in or loss of consciousness, neurologic deficits, diplopia, seizures, vomiting, or a stiff neck. Early identification and prompt surgical intervention help increase the chance for survival. (Options 1, 2, and 3) A change in level of consciousness, increased blood pressure, or a feeling of illness should be investigated but alone does not indicate an emerg Qs The clinic nurse educator is developing a teaching plan for the following 6 clients. The nurse should instruct which client to avoid the Valsalva maneuver when defecating? Select all that apply.
  5. 22-year-old man with a head injury sustained during a college football game
  1. 30-year-old woman recently hospitalized for reconstructive augmentation mammoplasty
  2. 56-year-old man 2 weeks post myocardial infarction
  3. 68-year-old woman recently diagnosed with pancreatic cancer
  4. 74-year-old man with portal hypertension related to alcohol-induced cirrhosis
  5. 82-year-old woman 1 week post cataract surgery - n Ans✔✔ 1, 3, 5, 6 The Valsalva maneuver (straining during defecation) involves holding the breath while bearing down on the perineum to pass a stool. Straining to have a bowel movement is to be avoided in clients recently diagnosed with increased intracranial pressure, stroke, or head injury as straining increases intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure, which raises the intracranial pressure (Option 1). The vagus nerve is stimulated when bearing down; this temporarily slows the heart and decreases cardiac output, leading to potential cardiac complications in clients with heart disease (Option 3). Straining increases intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure and should be avoided in clients diagnosed with portal hypertension related to cirrhosis due to the risk of variceal bleeding (Option 5). The maneuver increases intraocular pressure and is contraindicated in clients with glaucoma and recent eye surgery (Option 6) Qs A client is admitted to the hospital for severe headaches. The client has a history of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which has required lumbar punctures to relieve the pressure by draining cerebrospinal fluid. The client suddenly vomits and states, "That's weird, I didn't even feel nauseated." Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?
  1. Brief loss of consciousness
  2. Headache
  3. Loss of vision
  4. Retrograde amnesia - n Ans✔✔ 2, 3, 5 A concussion is considered a minor traumatic brain injury and results from blunt force or an acceleration/deceleration head injury. Typical signs of concussion include: A brief disruption in level of consciousness Amnesia regarding the event (retrograde amnesia) Headache These clients should be observed closely by family members and not participate in strenuous or athletic activities for 1-2 days. Rest and a light diet are encouraged during this time. (Options 1 and 4) The following manifestations indicate more serious brain injury and are not expected with simple concussion: Worsening headaches and vomiting (indicate high intracranial pressure) Sleepiness and/or confusion (indicate high intracranial pressure) Visual changes Weakness or numbness of part of the body Educational objective: Expected neurological changes with a concussion include brief loss of consciousness, retrograde amnesia, and headache. T

Qs The nurse is caring for the client with increased intracranial pressure. The nurse would note which trend in vital signs if the intracranial pressure is rising?

  1. Increasing temperature, increasing pulse, increasing respirations, decreasing blood pressure
  2. Increasing temperature, decreasing pulse, decreasing respirations, decreasing blood pressure
  3. Decreasing temperature, decreasing pulse, increasing respirations, decreasing blood pressure
  4. Decreasing temperature, increasing pulse, decreasing respirations, increasing blood pressure - n Ans✔✔
  5. Increasing temperature, decreasing pulse, decreasing respirations, increasing blood pressure A change in vital signs may be a late sign of increased intracranial pressure. Trends include increasing temperature and blood pressure and decreasing pulse and respirations. Respiratory irregularities also may occur. Qs The nurse has established a goal to maintain intracranial pressure (ICP) within the normal range for a client who had a craniotomy 12 hours ago. What should the nurse do? Select all that apply.
  6. Encourage the client to cough to expectorate secretions.
  7. Elevate the head of the bed 15 - 20 degrees.
  8. Contact the HCP if ICP is >15 mmHg.
  9. Monitor neurologic status using the Glasgow Coma Scale.
  10. Stimulate the client with active range-of-motion exercises. - n
  1. Fluid is grossly blood in appearance and has a pH of 6
  2. Fluid clumps together on the dressing and had a pH of 7 Fluid separates into concentric rings and tests positive for glucose. - n Ans✔✔ 4 Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the ears or nose may accompany basilar skull fractures. CSF can be distinguished from other body fluids because the drainage will separate into bloody and yellow concentric rings on dressing material, called a halo sign. The fluid also tests positive for glucose. Qs The nurse is assigned to care for a client with complete right-sided hemiparesis from a stroke. Which characteristics are associated with this condition? Select all that apply.
  3. The client is aphasic.
  4. The client has weakness on the right side of the body.
  5. The client has complete bilateral paralysis of the arms and legs.
  6. The client has weakness on the right side of the face and tongue.
  7. The client has lost the ability to move the right arm but is able to walk independently
  8. The client has lost the ability to ambulate independently, but is able to feed and bathe himself or herself without assistance. - n Ans✔✔ 1, 2, 4 Hemiparesis is a weakness of one side of the body that may occur after a stroke. It involves weakness of the face and tongue, arm, and leg on one side. These clients are also aphasic: unable to discriminate words and letters. They are generally very cautions and get anxious when attempting a new task. Complete bilateral paralysis does not occur in hemiparesis. The client with right-sided hemiparesis has weakness of the right arm and leg and needs assistance with feeding, bathing, and ambulating.

Qs The nurse has instructed the family of a client with stroke who has homonymous hemianopsia about measures to help the client overcome the deficit. Which statement suggests that the family understand the measures to use when caring for the client?

  1. We need to discourage him from wearing eyeglasses.
  2. We need to place objects in his impaired field of vision.
  3. We need to approach him from the impaired field of vision.
  4. We need to remind him to turn his head to scan the lost visual field. - n Ans✔✔ 4 Homonymous hemianopsia is loss of half of the visual field. The client with homonymous hemianopsia should have objects placed in the intact field of vision, and the nurse also should approach the client from the intact side. The nurse instructs the client to scan the environment to overcome the visual deficit and does client teaching from within the intact field of vision. The nurse encourages the use of personal eyeglasses, if they are available. Qs What is the expected outcome of thrombolytic drug therapy for stroke?
  5. Increased vascular permeability
  6. Vasoconstriction
  7. Dissolved emboli
  8. Prevention of hemorrhage - n Ans✔✔ 3 Thrombolytic enzyme agents are used for clients with a thrombotic stroke to dissolve emboli, this reastablishing cerebral perfusion. They do not increase vascular permeability, cause vasoconstriction, or prevent further hemorrhage.

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. The key clinical manifestations of bacterial meningitis include fever, severe headache, nausea/vomiting, and nuchal rigidity. Other symptoms include photophobia, altered mental status, and other signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). In a hypotensive client with sepsis, the priority of care is fluid resuscitation to increase the client's blood pressure (Option 2). In addition to IV fluid administration, interventions and prescriptions for a client with sepsis and meningitis may include: Administer vasopressors. Obtain relevant labs and blood cultures prior to administering antibiotics. Administer empiric antibiotics, preferably within 30 minutes of admission (Option 1). This client will continue to decline without antibiotic therapy. Prior to a lumbar puncture (LP), obtain a head CT scan as increased ICP or mass lesions ma Qs A client with a brain tumor is admitted for surgery. The health care provider prescribes levetiracetam. The client asks why. What is the nurse's response?

  1. "It destroys tumor cells and helps shrink the tumor."
  2. "It prevents seizure development."
  3. "It prevents blood clots in legs."
  4. "It reduces swelling around the tumor." - n Ans✔✔ 2

Levetiracetam (Keppra) is a medication often used to treat seizures in various settings. It has minimal drug-drug interactions compared to phenytoin and is often the preferred antiepileptic medication. (Option 1) Chemotherapy and radiation therapy would kill tumor cells and reduce tumor size. (Option 3) Hospitalized clients and clients with malignancy are at higher risk for venous thromboembolism. These clients would benefit from anticoagulation (eg, heparin, enoxaparin, rivaroxaban, apixaban). (Option 4) Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, is used to treat cerebral edema associated with a brain injury/tumor by decreasing inflammation. Educational objective: Levetiracetam (Keppra) is a medication often used to treat seizures in various settings. Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation and cerebral edema in clients with brain injury and tumors. Qs A highly intoxicated client was brought to the emergency department after found lying on the sidewalk. On admission, the client is awake with a pulse of 70/min and blood pressure of 160/80 mm Hg. An hour later, the client is lethargic, pulse is 48/min, and blood pressure is 200/80 mm Hg. Which action does the nurse anticipate taking next?

  1. Administer atropine for bradycardia
  2. Administer nifedipine for hypertension
  3. Have CT scan performed to rule out an intracranial bleed
  4. Perform hourly neurologic checks with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) - n Ans✔✔

(Option 1) Autonomic dysreflexia (eg, throbbing headache, flushing, hypertension) is a life- threatening condition caused by sensory stimulation that occurs in clients who have a spinal cord injury at T6 or higher. This is not the priority assessment as this client's injury is at L3. This client likely has acute urinary retention and needs catheterization. (Option 2) Phenytoin toxicity commonly presents with neurologic manifestations such as gait distur Qs