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WILLIAMS' BASIC NUTRITION CHAPTER 5 EXAM WITH ALL ANSWERS.
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digestion - correct answer-process where food is broken down to release nutrients for body to absorb absorption - correct answer-process where nutrients are taken into cells transport - correct answer-movement of nutrients through the circulatory and lymph systems metabolism - correct answer-the sum of the chemical changes in the cell to produce energy, tissue building and metabolic control mechanical digestion - correct answer-muscles and nerves coordinate actions in GI tract to produce constant motility chemical digestion - correct answer-GI secretions stimulated by presence of food, nerve impulses, hormones; HCl acid, mucous, enzymes, water & electrolytes, bile enzymes - correct answer-proteins produced in body specifically designed to break down specific nutrients mucus - correct answer-lubricates & protects tissues lining GI tract & mixes food mass bile - correct answer-made in liver, stored in Gbladder, emulsifies fats into smaller pieces which exposes fat to greater surface area for enzymes to work water & electrolytes - correct answer-carries products of digestion thru GI tract & into tissues biliary system - correct answer-gall bladder, liver, pancreas salivary amylase - correct answer-breaks down starch; mucous lubricates & binds food particles in mouth mechanical digestion stomach - correct answer-muscles knead, mix, store, propel food bolus pyloric valve - correct answer-end of stomach valve slowly releases chyme into duodenum; caloric density of meal affects emptying rate:
HCl acid - correct answer-gastrin hormone stimulates parietal cells lining stomach to secrete this substance; stimulates gastric enzymes, pepsinogen, vitamin/mineral absorption, kills micro-organisms, begins protein digestion pepsinogen - correct answer-precursor to pepsin enzyme which breaks down proteins peristaltic waves - correct answer-pushes food in long sweeping waves over length of intestine pendular mvts - correct answer-small local muscles sweep back/forth stirring chyme at mucosal surface segmentation rings - correct answer-alternating contraction/relaxation of circular muscles; chops mass into successive soft lumps longitudinal rotation - correct answer-long muscles run length of SI, rolls slowly moving food mass in spiral surface villi - correct answer-stir / mix chyme exposing nutrients to absorption pancreatic amylase - correct answer-breaks down starch into disaccharides pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin - correct answer-breaks down protein into peptide fragments and amino acids carboxypeptidase - correct answer-removes end amino acids pancreatic lipase - correct answer-breaks down fats into glycerides and fatty acids maltase, lactase, sucrase - correct answer-SI enzymes (disaccharides) break down into monosaccharides enterokinase - correct answer-SI enzyme activates trysinogen to release trypsin dipeptidase - correct answer-SI enzyme splits dipeptides into 2 amino acids