What is Ethics? Reviewer and Notes | Study notes Mathematics

GEC09: ETHIC S

MODULE 1: PRELIMINARY NOTIONS

ETHICS

- Greek word, ethos

- Custom, refers to a traditional practice or behavior that is

widely accepted and followed within a specific group, community,

or society. These practices can include rituals, traditions, habits, and

ways of doing things that have been passed down from one

generation to another.

- Usage, typically refers to the way a word, phrase, or language is

used in practice, especially within a specific community, culture,

or context.

- Character, refers to a person's moral qualities, values, and

integrity.

- Custom, usage, and character are all connected to

ethics in important ways. Customs, like traditions

and practices, often influence what is considered

right or wrong in a community. The way we use

language, known as usage, affects ethical

communication and how we treat others.

Character, which is about being a good and

honest person, guides our ethical choices and

actions. So, customs can shape our ethical

values, language usage can impact ethical

interactions, and our character influences how

we make ethical decisions in our daily lives.

They all work together to define how we behave

in a morally responsible way.

- Latin word, mores

- Moral, describes something related to ethics, like a moral

dilemma

- Morality, referring to the overall principles and standards that

guide what's right or wrong

- Morals, refers to specific beliefs and values about what's ethical,

like personal morals or a code of morals.

- Customs are cultural practices, Usage is about

language, Character deals with personal qualities,

and Morals are the specific ethical principles and

beliefs that guide behavior.

What is ethics?

Ethics is like a set of rules or guidelines that help us decide

what is right and what is wrong. It's about making good

choices and being fair to others. Think of it as the rules

that help us be good people and do the right thing, like not

lying, being honest, and treating others with kindness and

respect.

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions

about what is right and wrong, and how we should behave

in various situations. It's about exploring and

understanding the principles and values that guide our

actions and decisions in both personal and societal

contexts.

Ethics refers to a set of principles and values that guide

individuals or groups in determining what is right or

wrong, just or unjust, and morally acceptable or

unacceptable in various situations.

Example of everyday scenarios that illustrate ethical

considerations:

Honesty at Work: Imagine a coworker asks you to cover for them while they

take an unauthorized break. The ethical choice in this situation would be to

uphold honesty and integrity by refusing to cover for them and maintaining

workplace rules.

Returning Lost Property: If you find a lost wallet on the street, the ethical action

would be to return it to its rightful o wner, even though you could keep the

money and valuables inside.

Respecting Privacy: When using someone else's computer or phone, it's an

ethical practice to respect their privacy and not snoop through their personal

files or messages.

Environmental Responsibility: Choosing to recycle, reduce waste, and conserve

energy to minimize your environmental impact is an ethical commitment to the

well-being of the planet and future generations.

Being Inclusive: In social situations, inviting everyone to participate and

ensuring that no one feels excluded or left out is an ethical way to promote

inclusivity and fairness.

Academic Integrity: Submitting your own work and giving proper credit to

others when using their ideas or research in academic projects is an ethical

practice in education.

Safe Driving: Obeying traffic rules and not driving under the influence of

alcohol or drugs is an ethical responsibility to protect your safety and the safety

of others on the road.

Respecting Differences: Treating people from different backgrounds, cultures,

or beliefs with respect and without discrimination is an ethical approach to

fostering diversity and tolerance.

Charitable Giving: Donating to a charitable cause or volunteering your time to

help those in need is an ethical choice that supports the well-being of others and

the community.

Conflict Resolution: In a di sagreement with a friend or family member,

choosing to communicate openly and resolve the conflict peacefully rather than

resorting to aggression or hostility is an ethical way to maintain healthy

relationships.

What is an ethical problem?

An ethical problem is like a situation where there's a big

question about what is right or wrong. It's not something

simple, like deciding what to wear or eat; it's about

important matters that can affect people's lives or well-

being.

Ethical problems often involve conflicting values or

principles, like honesty versus loyalty or fairness versus

self-interest. They make us think deeply about what we

should do and why.

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GEC09: ETHIC S

MODULE 1: PRELIMINARY NOTIONS

ETHICS

Greek word, ethos
Custom, refers to a traditional practice or behavior that is widely accepted and followed within a specific group, community, or society. These practices can include rituals, traditions, habits, and ways of doing things that have been passed down from one generation to another.
Usage, typically refers to the way a word , phrase, or language is used in practice , especially within a specific community, culture, or context.
Character, refers to a person's moral qualities, values, and integrity.
Custom, usage, and character are all connected to ethics in important ways. Customs, like traditions and practices, often influence what is considered right or wrong in a community. The way we use language, known as usage, affects ethical communication and how we treat others. Character, which is about being a good and honest person, guides our ethical choices and actions. So, customs can shape our ethical values, language usage can impact ethical interactions, and our character influences how we make ethical decisions in our daily lives. They all work together to define how we behave in a morally responsible way.
Latin word, mores
Moral, describes something related to ethics, like a moral dilemma
Morality, referring to the overall principles and standards that guide what's right or wrong
Morals, refers to specific beliefs and values about what's ethical, like personal morals or a code of morals.
Customs are cultural practices, Usage is about language, Character deals with personal qualities, and Morals are the specific ethical principles and beliefs that guide behavior. What is ethics? Ethics is like a set of rules or guidelines that help us decide what is right and what is wrong. It's about making good choices and being fair to others. Think of it as the rules that help us be good people and do the right thing, like not lying, being honest, and treating others with kindness and respect. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions about what is right and wrong, and how we should behave in various situations. It's about exploring and understanding the principles and values that guide our actions and decisions in both personal and societal contexts. Ethics refers to a set of principles and values that guide individuals or groups in determining what is right or wrong, just or unjust, and morally acceptable or unacceptable in various situations. Example of everyday scenarios that illustrate ethical considerations: Honesty at Work: Imagine a coworker asks you to cover for them while they take an unauthorized break. The ethical choice in this situation would be to uphold honesty and integrity by refusing to cover for them and maintaining workplace rules. Returning Lost Property: If you find a lost wallet on the street, the ethical action would be to return it to its rightful owner, even though you could keep the money and valuables inside. Respecting Privacy: When using someone else's computer or phone, it's an ethical practice to respect their privacy and not snoop through their personal files or messages. Environmental Responsibility: Choosing to recycle, reduce waste, and conserve energy to minimize your environmental impact is an ethical commitment to the well-being of the planet and future generations. Being Inclusive: In social situations, inviting everyone to participate and ensuring that no one feels excluded or left out is an ethical way to promote inclusivity and fairness. Academic Integrity: Submitting your own work and giving proper credit to others when using their ideas or research in academic projects is an ethical practice in education. Safe Driving: Obeying traffic rules and not driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is an ethical responsibility to protect your safety and the safety of others on the road. Respecting Differences: Treating people from different backgrounds, cultures, or beliefs with respect and without discrimination is an ethical approach to fostering diversity and tolerance. Charitable Giving: Donating to a charitable cause or volunteering your time to help those in need is an ethical choice that supports the well-being of others and the community. Conflict Resolution: In a disagreement with a friend or family member, choosing to communicate openly and resolve the conflict peacefully rather than resorting to aggression or hostility is an ethical way to maintain healthy relationships. What is an ethical problem? An ethical problem is like a situation where there's a big question about what is right or wrong. It's not something simple, like deciding what to wear or eat; it's about important matters that can affect people's lives or well- being. Ethical problems often involve conflicting values or principles, like honesty versus loyalty or fairness versus self-interest. They make us think deeply about what we should do and why.

These issues can be tough to solve because different people might have different ideas about what's right. Ethical problems are not just about following rules; they're about making morally good choices when there's no easy answer. Examples include questions about the death penalty, environmental protection, or how to handle a tricky situation at work. Recognizing ethical problems helps us make decisions that are fair, just, and considerate of others' rights and well-being. It's about doing what's morally right when things get complicated. Ethical problem refers to a situation or dilemma that involves conflicting moral principles, values, or duties, and it requires individuals or groups to make decisions that have significant moral consequences. These problems often lack clear-cut solutions and may involve complex ethical considerations. Example of everyday scenarios that present ethical dilemmas or problems: Cheating on a Test: You're taking a test and have an opportunity to copy answers from a classmate. The ethical problem here is whether to cheat or maintain academic honesty. Office Gossip: Your coworkers are spreading false and harmful rumors about a colleague. The ethical dilemma is whether to participate in the gossip or intervene to stop it. Witnessing Theft: You see someone shoplifting at a store. The ethical issue is whether to report the theft to store employees or authorities, potentially leading to consequences for the thief. Environmental Impact: You work for a company that disposes of waste improperly, harming the environment. The ethical dilemma is whether to report the company's actions, potentially jeopardizing your job. Privacy Invasion: You find a coworker's personal diary left on their desk. The ethical problem is whether to respect their privacy or read the diary. Animal Welfare: You witness someone mistreating their pet. The ethical dilemma is whether to intervene or report the animal abuse to the authorities. Lying to Spare Feelings: A friend asks if you like their new haircut, which you don't. The ethical issue is whether to be honest and risk hurting their feelings or to tell a white lie to spare their emotions. Unfair Advantage: You're playing a friendly game with friends, and one player accidentally reveals their strategy. The ethical dilemma is whether to take advantage of this knowledge or play fair and ignore the information. Accepting Gifts at Work: A client offers you an expensive gift as a token of appreciation, which goes against your company's policy. The ethical problem is whether to accept the gift or decline it to maintain professional ethics. Witnessing Discrimination: You observe a colleague being discriminated against due to their race or gender. The ethical dilemma is whether to intervene, speak up, or report the discrimination to HR or higher authorities.

ETHICS VS. MORALS

MORALS

beliefs and principles that guide a person's behavior and decision-making when it comes to distinguishing between right and wrong. These are the personal values and ethical standards that individuals hold, often shaped by factors like upbringing, culture, religion, and personal experiences. Wat is the difference of ethics and moral? Ethics are more often regarded as a formal system of principles and rules, while morals tend to be personal beliefs and convictions about what is right and wrong. Ethics are often shared within a community or profession, while morals can vary significantly from person to person. Bulaong, et al (2017) Ethics is like the study of why we try to be good and what being good means, kind of like understanding the reasons behind being nice or fair. It's about ideals or the best way to behave. Morality , on the other hand, is when we take those ideas and actually put them into rules or codes of conduct that guide how we should act in our daily lives. So, ethics is about thinking and understanding, while morality is about doing and following the rules that come from those thoughts. Reyes (2009) When we use the words "ethics" and "morals" in everyday Western language, they often mean the same thing. They both refer to the usual ways of doing things, like the customs, habits, values, or the character of a group or community. So, they are like two different words that point to the same idea of how people in a society behave and what they believe is right or wrong. Examples of Ethics: Honesty in Relationships: When you tell the truth to a friend even if it might be uncomfortable, you're practicing ethical behavior by valuing honesty in your relationships. Environmental Responsibility: Recycling and reducing waste to protect the environment demonstrate ethical behavior by showing concern for the planet and future generations. Fair Play in Sports: Following the rules and playing fairly in sports, even if it means not winning, reflects ethical conduct by respecting the principles of fair competition. Respect for Diversity: Treating people from different backgrounds with kindness and respect demonstrates ethical behavior by valuing diversity and inclusivity.

Differentiate ethics from aesthetics, etiquette, and technique. Ethics: Focuses on moral principles and values, guiding decisions about right and wrong. Aesthetics: Deals with matters of beauty, taste, and artistic appreciation, rather than moral judgment. Etiquette: Relates to socially accepted norms and behaviors in specific contexts, such as manners and politeness. Technique: Refers to specific methods, skills, or procedures used to achieve a desired outcome, without necessarily involving moral considerations. “Aesthetics, etiquette, and technique is not part of ethics. These are cannot be considered as ethical problems.” Aesthetics, etiquette, and technique are different from ethics. So, not every issue related to them is an ethical problem. For example, if someone dresses inappropriately for an event, it's not about ethics; it's more about style or etiquette. Similarly, if someone enters a room without knocking, it's a matter of manners, not ethics. Understanding ethics means recognizing what truly involves ethical problems. There's a certain level or seriousness that an event or action must have to be considered an ethical problem. Ethics deals with deeper issues related to right and wrong, like honesty, fairness, and respect for others. So, it's important to distinguish between everyday matters like appearance and etiquette and the more profound ethical questions that help us make good moral choices. What then is the concern of ethics? Ethicists are people who study and think about what is right and wrong. They believe that topics related to life and the well-being of people are part of ethics. This means that questions about how we treat and care for human life are considered ethical questions. For example, things like the death penalty, which is a government's decision to end someone's life as punishment for a serious crime, is a big ethical issue. Ethicists debate whether it's morally right or wrong to use the death penalty, as it involves taking a human life. Corruption in the government is also a significant ethical concern. When people in power misuse their authority for personal gain, it can harm the well-being of others. Ethicists examine this issue to understand its impact and how to prevent it. Inequality, or the unfair distribution of resources and opportunities among people, is another ethical matter. Ethicists explore ways to address inequality and ensure that everyone has a fair chance at a good life. All these issues are considered ethical problems because they involve fundamental questions about what is just, fair, and right for individuals and society as a whole. Ethical thinking helps us navigate these complex topics and make decisions that promote the well-being and fairness of all people. It's about trying to do what's morally right in these challenging situations. Choose between the two scenario is considered as an ethical problem. A. In a company, there is a rule that people should only speak in English. B. In a company, women are underpaid than men. The second scenario, where women are underpaid compared to men in a company, is considered an ethical problem because it involves issues of fairness and equality. Paying women less for the same work as men goes against the ethical principle of treating all employees equally and with respect, regardless of their gender. It's a matter of justice and human rights, as underpayment based on gender is discriminatory and unjust. This situation raises concerns about the well-being and financial security of female employees, and it also highlights the importance of addressing gender-based pay disparities to create a fair and just workplace. In contrast, the first scenario, where a company has a rule mandating English-only communication, may be a matter of company policy or practicality but generally doesn't raise the same ethical concerns about fairness and discrimination as the gender pay gap issue. A. In school, students must wear proper school uniform. B. In school, only male can speak their opinion. Scenario B, where only males are allowed to speak their opinions in school, is considered an ethical problem

because it involves a clear violation of the ethical principle of equality and the right to free expression. Ethical values emphasize fairness and respect for the rights and dignity of all individuals, regardless of their gender. When certain students are prohibited from expressing their opinions solely based on their gender, it constitutes discrimination and goes against the principles of fairness and inclusivity. This situation not only hinders equal participation but also perpetuates gender-based inequalities, which are ethical concerns. In contrast, Scenario A, which involves a dress code requiring proper school uniforms, is more of a matter of school policy and appearance standards and does not typically raise the same ethical issues related to discrimination and the denial of fundamental rights as Scenario B. SOURCE OF AUTHORITY The source of authority in ethics refers to where the moral principles or rules that guide ethical behavior are derived from and who or what is considered the ultimate authority in determining what is right and wrong. There are several sources of authority in ethics, and they can vary depending on one's ethical framework or perspective. DAVID SCENARIO David is in a tough spot. He's facing a conflict between his culture, religion, and the law. On one hand, his culture says that going to school is a bad idea because it might go against their traditions. But on the other hand, the law allows everyone to attend school. In this situation, it's a good idea for David to try and find a balance. He can respect his culture's beliefs and traditions, but also follow the law that allows him to go to school. Maybe he can talk to elders or leaders in his community to see if there's a way to attend school while still honoring his culture. It's essential for David to remember that following his religion's teachings about respecting the law is also important. So, the best way to go about it is to seek a compromise that allows him to get an education while respecting his culture and religion. In this scenario, the best approach for David could involve a thoughtful negotiation between his cultural values and the legal framework. He should respect and appreciate his culture's traditions, as they hold significant meaning for his community. However, he can also recognize the importance of education in today's world and the opportunities it can provide. David could engage in open and respectful dialogues with elders, community leaders, and religious figures to explore the possibility of finding a compromise that aligns with both his cultural heritage and the legal opportunities for education. By fostering understanding and seeking a balance, he can navigate this challenge while honoring his culture, religion, and the law, ultimately making a choice that reflects a harmonious integration of these different aspects of his life. Law: Law is like the set of rules and regulations created by governments to guide how people should behave in a society. It's enforced by the legal system, and breaking these rules can lead to consequences like fines or imprisonment. Laws cover various aspects of life, from traffic rules to property rights, and they vary from one country or region to another. Religion: Religion is about beliefs, faith, and spirituality. It's a set of teachings, traditions, and rituals followed by people who share similar spiritual beliefs. Religions often provide moral and ethical guidance on how to live a good and meaningful life. Examples include Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and many more, each with its own practices and beliefs. Culture: Culture is like the way of life of a group of people. It includes customs, traditions, language, art, music, and social practices that define a particular community or society. Culture shapes how people interact, celebrate, and express themselves. It's not limited to one area but can include regional, ethnic, or national customs and values. Why does law, religion, and culture cannot be the source of authority in ethics? Law, religion, and culture, while influential, cannot be the sole source of authority in ethics because they have limitations and can sometimes conflict. For instance, consider a scenario where a country's laws allow discrimination against a particular racial or ethnic group. While the law might permit such discrimination, it clearly goes against ethical principles of equality and fairness, demonstrating that laws can be ethically flawed. In matters of religion, different faiths may have conflicting ethical guidelines; for instance, one religion may promote tolerance and compassion, while another might advocate for exclusion and hostility towards non-believers. Lastly, culture can also pose ethical challenges. For example, a cultural practice of child marriage may conflict with universal human rights principles, highlighting how

Recognizing Ethical Problems Name five events that considered as an ethical problems

Six policemen in the Philippine capital are facing criminal investigation over the fatal shooting of a teenager whom they had mistaken for a murder suspect. (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia- 66458543 ) Yes, the shooting incident involving the mistaken identity of a teenager by six policemen in the Philippines is indeed an ethical problem. This tragic event raises concerns about the fundamental ethical principles of human rights and justice. Taking a young life, even if it was a mistake, questions the right to life, one of the most basic ethical principles. It also brings up the ethical issue of the use of excessive force and lethal weapons in law enforcement, where proportionality and minimizing harm should be paramount. The mistaken identity aspect underscores the importance of accuracy and diligence in law enforcement actions, as well as the ethical responsibility to protect innocent individuals. Furthermore, ethical principles of accountability, transparency, and trust in law enforcement institutions come into play. In summary, this incident involves several ethical concerns related to human rights, justice, accountability, and public trust, making it a significant ethical problem that demands thorough investigation and reflection on ethical standards in law enforcement.

**Keywords to remember and contrast.

Define ethics.** Ethics refers to a set of principles and values that guide individuals or groups in determining what is right or wrong, just or unjust, and morally acceptable or unacceptable in various situations. Ethics is like a set of rules or principles that help us decide what's right and wrong. It's about making good choices and doing the right thing, especially when there's no clear answer. 2. What is the difference between ethics and morals? Ethics are more often regarded as a formal system of principles and rules, while morals tend to be personal beliefs and convictions about what is right and wrong. Ethics are often shared within a community or profession, while morals can vary significantly from person to person. The difference between ethics and morals can be a bit tricky, but think of morals as your personal beliefs about what's right and wrong, while ethics are like the broader rules that society agrees upon. Morals are more about your inner values, like honesty or kindness, whereas ethics are the shared standards that guide our behavior in society. 3. Differentiate ethics from aesthetics, etiquette, and technique. Ethics: Focuses on moral principles and values, guiding decisions about right and wrong. Aesthetics: Deals with matters of beauty, taste, and artistic appreciation, rather than moral judgment. Etiquette: Relates to socially accepted norms and behaviors in specific contexts, such as manners and politeness. Technique: Refers to specific methods, skills, or procedures used to achieve a desired outcome, without necessarily involving moral considerations. Ethics is all about what's right and wrong in our actions and decisions, while aesthetics is about what's beautiful or pleasing to our senses, like art or design. Etiquette is more about polite behavior and manners in social situations, and technique refers to how well we perform a skill or task. So, ethics is focused on moral choices, while aesthetics, etiquette, and technique deal with different aspects of our actions and interactions in the world. Ethics: Imagine you find a wallet with money on the street. Ethically, you might choose not to keep the money and instead try to find the owner or turn it in to lost and found because you believe it's the right thing to do, even if no one is watching. Aesthetics: When you're decorating your room, aesthetics come into play. You might choose colors and furniture that you find visually pleasing and harmonious, making your room beautiful to your taste. Etiquette: Etiquette is like using polite manners. In a formal dinner scenario, you might use proper etiquette by using utensils correctly, not talking with your mouth full, and saying "please" and "thank you." Technique: Think of playing a musical instrument. Your technique is how well you can play it. So, if you practice the guitar and get better at strumming and making melodies, you're improving your technique. Analyzing Case

The post made by the Lucban Municipal Police Station (LMPS) on June 11, 2020, raises several conflicting thoughts and brings to light the intersection of clothing choices, aesthetics, and ethical considerations. At a surface level, clothing can indeed be seen as a matter of personal aesthetic choice. However, the issue highlighted in the post goes beyond aesthetics and touches upon deeper ethical aspects. The post's suggestion that women should avoid wearing certain clothes to prevent abuse implies a troubling notion that a person's attire can justify or excuse abusive behavior. This notion is ethically problematic because it shifts the responsibility for inappropriate behavior from the abuser to the victim based on their clothing choices. Clothing, in this context, becomes an ethical problem when it contributes to victim-blaming and perpetuates harmful stereotypes. It suggests that women are responsible for the actions of others based on their attire, which contradicts the principles of individual autonomy, respect, and consent. This viewpoint can lead to a culture of victimization and hinder efforts to address the root causes of abuse and harassment. Additionally, the post fails to acknowledge that abuse is not solely about clothing; it's about power dynamics, respect, and consent. Addressing the issue from an ethical standpoint requires focusing on the behavior and accountability of individuals, rather than suggesting that clothing choices determine a person's worth or the treatment they deserve. In conclusion, clothing is not merely a matter of aesthetics but also holds ethical implications when it is used to shift blame onto victims and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. The LMPS post highlights the importance of addressing the root causes of abuse and promoting a culture of respect, consent, and accountability, rather than placing the responsibility on individuals' clothing choices.

Third, it's unequally applied. The death penalty is not always given fairly, and it can disproportionately affect certain groups, which raises concerns about fairness and discrimination. Fourth, it doesn't always deter crime effectively. Some argue that it doesn't make society safer, which raises questions about its purpose and effectiveness. Fifth, it can be seen as a cruel and inhumane punishment. The methods used for execution can be painful, and it raises ethical questions about the treatment of prisoners. Sixth, many countries and organizations around the world oppose the death penalty on ethical grounds, viewing it as a violation of human rights. Seventh, it challenges our moral values. It forces us to think deeply about whether it's ever right for the state to kill, even when someone has committed a terrible crime. Eighth, it's a topic of ongoing ethical debate, with people holding strong opinions on both sides, which shows that it's a complex and deeply ethical issue. Ninth, it's often connected to questions of forgiveness, redemption, and the possibility of change in individuals, which are all ethical considerations. Tenth, because of these ethical complexities, many societies and legal systems are reevaluating the use of the death penalty, trying to balance justice, morality, and human rights. Why does corruption is considered as ethical problem? Corruption is considered an ethical problem because it involves dishonesty and unfairness in how people use their power or authority. First, it's about people in positions of trust using their authority for personal gain, which goes against ethical principles like honesty and integrity. Second, it harms society by diverting resources away from important things like education, healthcare, and infrastructure, which raises ethical questions about fairness and justice. Third, corruption can lead to unequal opportunities and privileges for certain individuals or groups, creating ethical concerns about equity and discrimination. Fourth, it erodes trust in government, institutions, and leaders, which are vital for a functioning society and raises ethical issues about accountability and transparency. Fifth, it can undermine the rule of law, which is the foundation of a just society, and this challenges ethical principles related to the protection of rights and freedoms. Sixth, corruption often involves breaking the rules and laws, which raises ethical concerns about legality and moral responsibility. Seventh, it can have devastating consequences for the most vulnerable in society who suffer the most, highlighting ethical considerations related to compassion and empathy. Eighth, corruption can spread and become a widespread problem, making it even harder to address, which raises ethical questions about collective responsibility and moral duty. Ninth, it's a topic of ongoing ethical debate as societies and individuals grapple with how to combat corruption and promote ethical behavior. Tenth, because corruption touches on so many aspects of society and governance, it's a complex and deeply ethical issue that requires constant vigilance and efforts to uphold moral values and principles.

What is Ethics? Reviewer and Notes, Study notes of Mathematics

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Download What is Ethics? Reviewer and Notes and more Study notes Mathematics in PDF only on Docsity!

GEC09: ETHIC S

MODULE 1: PRELIMINARY NOTIONS

ETHICS

ETHICS VS. MORALS

MORALS