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An abstract of a thesis focusing on the analysis of imagery and figurative language in Robert Frost's poems 'To Earthward' and 'Wind and Window Flower'. The writer examines various types of imagery, including visual, auditory, olfactory, and organic imagery, in these poems to understand their meanings.
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M. DAMANHURI NIM. 106026001009
A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Strata One Degree (S1)
M. DAMANHURI NIM. 106026001009
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M. Damanhuri , Imagery and Figurative Language Analysis on Robert Frost’s poems: To Earthward and Wind and Window Flower. Thesis. Jakarta: English Letters Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University “Syarif Hidayatullah” Jakarta.
In this thesis, the writer focuses on the analysis of imagery and figurative language in Robert Frost poems. They are To Earthward and Wind and Window Flower. The writer uses descriptive qualitative analytic method. He analyses the structure by reading the poem carefully and giving the attention for each line that contains imageries and figurative languages. The writer uses the theory of imagery and figurative of language to analyze the poem. By analyzing the structure of the poem, the writer is able to define the meaning of the lines that contain imageries and figurative language and their contribution to the meaning of the poems. The result of this study shows that Robert Frost uses imagery and figurative language in his poems. There are many kinds of imagery and figurative language in the poems. In To Earthward , there are only four imageries from seven types of imageries. There are visual imagery, auditory imagery, olfactory imageries, and organic imagery. Robert Frost uses hyperbole as figurative language. In Wind and Window Flowe r, Robert Frost uses a visual imagery and auditory imagery. Robert Frost also uses metaphor, personification, and hyperbole as figurative language.
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A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Strata One Degree (S1)
Approved by: Advisor,
Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum NIP. 19781003 200112 2 002
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First of all, the writer would like to give the most appreciation and many thanks to Allah Swt., the lord of the universe and the thereafter. He is sure that he can not do anything without Him. He guides us with all of His blessed in our life. Then, peace and blessing is upon to our beloved prophet Muhammad Saw and all of his followers. The writer would like to express his highest gratitude to all his family, and special for his parent H.Damai Arimaya and Hj. Fatmah for giving spirits that makes his strong and always give the writer prayer and motivation (I love you mom, I love you dad). To his beloved siblings (Nana, Lia, Nisa, Ucok) for always make him laugh and entertain him whenever he was down and also special his beloved person, Azizatul Hamidiyah, for all inspiration, motivation, spirit and joking that will never forget and replaceable. The writer can not fail to mention his advisor Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum for her great patients and contributions in finishing this paper. He thanks for all of her advices that have been given to him; may Allah Swt blessing her and her family. The writer also wishes to say her gratitude to the following persons:
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The writer
- 7. Kinesthetic Imagery ……………………………………… 1
A. Background of the Study
Poetry is the universal language used by the poets to express their ideas in beautiful words.^1 As a universal language, poetry has existed almost in all period. Poetry is a unique medium of communication, it is created in the form of a brief language, and it is differs from other literary works.
Etymologically, the word ' poetry ' in the Greek comes from ‘ poesis’ , which means making or creates. In English, poetry is closely with “poet ” and “poem ”. The word “ poet” comes from Greek; which means make or create. In Greek, the word poet means the person who creates through his imagination, a person who almost seems as god or like to god. People who are perspicacious, saints, who was also a philosopher, statesman, teacher, someone who can guess the truth is hidden.^2
Poetry (Dutch: poezie ,) is flow of sense expression out from heart into a language that has rhythmic and a value of beauty. Language used by a poet as a tool to record their surrounding life and described it to a poetry.^3 To some people,
(^1) Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P.P., Sound And Sense : An Introduction to Poetry Eight 2 Edition Ulysses Ronquilo,.(Orlando : Harcourt Brace College Publisher,1992), p.3 Puisi, http://www.definisi dan unsur-unsurnya.htm, 2009. p.1 (Accessed on (^3) Sapardi Djoko Damono,September 20th,2010) Susastra 5 : Jurnal Ilmu Sastra dan Budaya, (Depok: 2007), p.
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The imagery and figurative language can be seen in a poem written by Robert Frost entitled To Earthward. Robert Lee Frost was born in San Francisco, March 26, 1874 and died in Boston, January 29, 1963. He was one of America's leading 20th-century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. An essentially pastoral poet often associated with rural New England, Frost wrote poems whose philosophical dimensions transcend any region. Although his verse forms are traditional - he often said, in a dig at arch rival Carl Sandburg, that he would as soon play tennis without a net as write free verse - he was a pioneer in the interplay of rhythm and meter and in the poetic use of the vocabulary and inflections of everyday speech. His poetry is thus traditional and experimental.^6
Frosts sailed for the United States in February 1915 and landed in New York City two days after the U.S. publication of North of Boston (the first of his books to be published in America). Sales of that book and of A Boy's Will enabled Frost to buy a farm in Franconia, N.H.; to place new poems in literary periodicals and publish a third book, Mountain Interval (1916) ; and to embark on a long career of writing, teaching, and lecturing. In 1924, he received a Pulitzer Prize in poetry for New Hampshire (1923). He was lauded again for Collected Poems (1930), A Further Range (1936) and A Witness Tree (1942). Over the years he received an unprecedented number and range of literary, academic, and public honors.^7
(^6) R.H. Winnick, Biography of Robert Frost, http://www.americanpoem.com.html , 2000. p. (^7) Ibid., (Accessed on September 20 p.1 (Accessed on September 20th, 2010)th, 2010)
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Frost's importance as a poet derives from the power and memorable of particular poems. The Death of the Hired Man (from North of Boston ) combines lyric and dramatic poetry in blank verse. After Apple-Picking (from the same volume) is a free-verse dream poem with philosophical undertones. Mending Wall (also published in North of Boston ) demonstrates Frost's simultaneous command of lyrical verse, dramatic conversation, and ironic commentary. The Road Not Taken, Birches (from Mountain Interval ) and the oft-studied Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (from New Hampshire ) exemplify Frost's ability to join the pastoral and philosophical modes in lyrics of unforgettable beauty.^8
Robert Frost said, “Every poem I wrote is figurative in two senses. It will have figures in it, of course; but it’s also a figure in itself- a figure for something, and it’s made so that you can get more that one figure out of it.^9 Referring to the definition above, the writer interested to analyze imagery and figurative language used on two poems by Robert Frost, they are: To Earthward and Wind and Window Flower.
(^8) 9 (^) Ibid., P.1(Accessed on September 20th,2010) (Accessed on September 20Anonymous, the poetic of Robert frostth,2010)^ http://www.frost friend.org/figurative.html,^ 2004. p.
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b. Research Methods
In this research, the writer uses qualitative method with the analytic- descriptive writing method. He analyses the unit analysis by using every reference related to the study and then describe imagery and figurative language contained in the poem.
c. Technique of Data Analysis
In this study, the writer uses a qualitative analysis technique. The analysis is based on the methods and relevant theories or approaches. The writer classifies several lines of the poems that have imagery and figurative language and then the writer analyzes and explains them.
d. Instrument of the Research
The instrument of this research is the writer himself. The writer reads two poems of Robert Frost and analyzes kinds of imagery and figurative language of the poems.
e. Analysis Unit
The unit of analysis in this research is Robert Frost’s poems entitled: To Earthward (taken from: Robert Frost, To Earthward Volume, published by New Hampshire in 1923) and Wind and Window Flower (taken from: Robert Frost, Wind and Window Flower, published by A boy’s will in 1913 ).
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f. Time and Place Research This research was conducted on 8th^ semester, 2010 in English letters department, Adab and Humanities Faculty of State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
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cold ( tactile imagery ); an internal sensation, such as hunger, thirst, fatigue, or nausea ( organic imagery ); or movement or tension in the muscles or joints ( kinesthetic imagery ).^3 Imagery usually calls a mental picture in a poem, where the readers can experience what the poem says. Essentially the true “meaning” of a poem lies in the total effect that it has upon the readers. Very often that effect stimulates a response which is not just a reaction to what poet has to say, but which draws on the readers’ intellectual and emotional experience. Imagery can be of central importance in creating this response within the readers.^4 The image function is: to provide a clear picture, to create a special atmosphere, making life images and thoughts and senses and also to attract the readers to poetry.^5 B. Kinds of Imagery
1. Visual Imagery Ahmad Badrun explains that visual imagery is an imagery which relates to the visual imagination and it is a kind of imagery that appears mostly in the poem because almost words represented in the poem are basically seeable. Sometimes, that seen in the mind eye which called by sight effect. Without visual imagery, a poem may hard to produce. For example: Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay (^34) Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P.P. op.cit , p. 5 Steven Croft and Hellen Cross, (^) Ahmad Badrun, Pengantar Ilmu Sastra^ op.cit ., p.56, (Surabaya: Usaha Nasional, 2000), p.
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Then thousand saw I at glance Tossing their heads in sprightly dance in our imagination, appear the daffodil stretches along line like the start that shine on the Milky Way. The daffodils stretched in never ending line along the margin of a bay.^6
2. Auditory imagery Auditory imagery is an imagery which relates to the auditory. This image represents sounds like words “buzzing, tinkling, chiming” and others related to the sound. This imagery is developed by the poet to make an auditory imaginative in poem. The auditory imagery that evokes in poem is not like auditory perception. It means, when the reader reads it, he only fell the sense of hearing but not really hearing in purpose. For example: Hear the sledges with the bells— With silver bell! What a world of merriment their melody foretells! How they are tinkle, tinkle, tinkle,
The speaker invites us to hear the bells. The silver bells not iron or the copper bells, it makes the bell more melodious, then the start follows the bell jingle. The reader can feel strong sense of hearing in this poem.^7
3. Tactile imagery Tactile imagery is an imagery which relates to tactile sense such as cold and warm. This imagery has relationship with the temperature like heat and cold or our touch sense. For example: (^67) Ibid., p. 52 Ibid., p. 53