Download Theories of Organizations and Organizational Structure and more Lab Reports Accounting in PDF only on Docsity!
I 11
:
Theories
of
organizations
are
taking
different
perspectives
towards
organizations
. similar to
that
,
in 1986
,
Gareth
Morgan
published
a
book
describing
what he called
"
Images
of
Organizations
"
.
a)
Briefly
describe
Morgans
thinking
what are
images
) ( 1 P
.
)
b)
Name
three
different
images
you
are
familiar with (
3D
. )
a)
to better understand
organizations
and
organizational
behavior
,
Morgan
came
up
with
metaphors
presented
as
images
to show
off the basic
structure and
behavior
of
organizations
.
b)
organizations
as
machines
:
They
can
be
designed
.
controlled
,
re
engineer
d and
are
predictable
in their behavior
.
organizations
as
organism
:
they
are
open
systems
that
respond
to their environment .
Organizations
as cultures
:
They
represent
a
group
with shared beliefs
and values
.
when
designing
organizations
,
there are
certain
contextual variables
we need
to
consider
.
One of
them is
the
size of
organizations
.
a)
Please
define and describe
why
i.
size
"
might
has
an
impact
on 3 elements of the
structural
dimension of
organizations
[
7-
P
.
)
b)
what other
contextual
elements are
you
aware of
Name
three
elements.
to P
. )
I 1
1 1 11 11
1 11
i
1
11 11 :
a)
organization
can be seen
in
two dimensions .
Contextual
and structural .
"
size
"
is a contextual
factor that can
affect
internal characteristics
of the contextual dimension
.
This
includes
:
→
specialization
:
smaller
organizations
tend to
have a lower
rate
of
specialization ,
due to the
fact
,
they
simply
have
less
men
power
.
→
hierarchy
and
authority
:
larger
organizations
have
more level
of
management
and
tend to
have
a
more vertical
hierarchy
than
smaller
orga
.
→
professionalism
:
smaller
organizations
are
often
learning organizations
and still have
to
find their ultimate structures
,
so
they
tend to
be
less
professional
than
long
lasting organ
.
b)
Goals
and
strategy
,
culture
,
environment
③
Theories
of
organizations
can be
classified
by
different
ways
.
One common
approach
is
to
cluster these
as
open
or closed
systems
thinking
.
Please
name for
each
category
at
least
2 theories
and
explain
the
conceptual
ideas
.
(SP
.
Closed
system
approach
:
119th
century
)
→
Bureaucracy
→
Administrative
approach
open system
approach
:(
20th
century
→ chaos
theory
→
contingency
theory
/
perspective
:
claims that
there is no
best
way
to
organize
a co
corporation
,
to
lead
a
company
or make decisions
.
It
always
depends
on the internal and external
situation .
I
11 1 11 11
1 11 111111 :
b)
Why
does a
functional
approach
suit
best
currently
?
Explain
3
reasons
.
Which
disadvantages
of this structure
might
exist.
Provide at least 3
arguments
16 P
.
)
At
the
moment
the functional
approach
enables
highly
centralized decision
making
and works
with
a
division of
labor
by
inputs
,
which
for
the
current situation
is the
way
to
go
.
Also it
provides
a
stable
,
organizational
environment
But
this
approach
also
comes with
disadvantages
:
and a
high
resource
efficiency
.
→
The time
efficiency
is low
→
The
responsiveness
is slow
→ NO
big
room
for
learning
.
the
control is
high
c)
Which structure
do
you
suggest
for the second
step
of the
organizational
development
?
Please
explain
and
provide
a revised
organizational
chart. CSP
.
)
I recommend the
matrix
structure
,
because it
enables
two
perspectives
on
responsibilities
of
equal importance
.
Due to the fact
,
that soft
co
wants
products
in
every
segment
and
also
different
regions
of the
country
,
this
just
fits
best.
It's
more flexible
and
responsive
and
decentralized .
I 1
1
1
11
11
1 11
i
1
11 11 :
d)
Companies
need to find the
right
balance between
the
degree
of centralization
and
decentralization .
Please
explain
by providing
3
reasons
why
these
decisions
are
crucial for an
organization
.
Cbp
They
are critical decisions within an
organization
.
The
points
are the
strategic
reasons
for
either
direction
.
→
supports
commonality
,
leverage
scale
and
results
in
reduced
costs .
→
financial
implication
,
big
investments
need
high
level of
expert
knowledge
→ Centralized
processes
are
likely
to
be
successful
outsourcing
initiatives
⑤
you
are
working
in the mid-size
enterprise
All
or
Nothing
Inc
.
There are
obviously
some
problems
regarding
the
organizations
performance
as customer
complaints
are
increasing
significantly
:
orders
are not
fulfilled
in
time
,
quality
is
insufficient
and
after sales
service
disappointing
.
In order to
identify
the
causes
of
these
problems
you
are
asked
to
take over
the
investigation
and
to decide
on
measurements
to
torn
the wheel
a
short
dated!
you
think
that a team
apprach
could be
a reasonable move
in
first
place
.
However
,
there are
a
couple
of
issues
you
need
to
consider in
order
to
be effective
.
I 11 1
11
11
1 11 111111
:
As
environment
become
more
turbulent
, organizations
have to
be
open
systems
in order
to
survive and
prosper
.
Please
provide
three main
characteristics of
organizations
as
open
systems
.
CGP )
Environment
& 9
d
9
b
9
→
they
pay
attention
to
it's
→
Input
→
Processing
→
Output
Is
environment
Resovr
←
r
ces →
→
managing
exchange
across boundaries
→
takes
input
from
the environment
→
organization
becomes
part
of
the
environment
→
open
systems
of
organizations
accept
that
organizations
are
contingent
to
their environment
%
If an
organization
grows
it
needs
to divide it
's overall
task into
separate jobs
which results in a vertical
hierarchy
of
the
organization
.
As
a
consequent
e
,
it
has to be determined what can be
decided
on
what
level
. One
approach
to
the location of
the decision
making
is centralization .
Please
explain
what
centralization
refers to
and
for
what kind
of
activities
this
approach
is
most suitable
for
. CSP
.
) Please
also
name three
strategic
reasons
for
centralization 16
P
)
centralization refers to
the level
of
i.
where
"
decisions
take
place
. If
centralization is
high
,
all
decisions
are made
at
one
place
(
e.
g.
top
management
of the
main office )
.
If centralization
is low
,
freedom to
take decisions
on lower
level
is
big
,
which is
also called decentralization.
centralization suits
best
for
companies
,
which don't have
many
product
segments
or
sub
brands
.
if
everything
of the
organization
is
about one main
thing
,
it
makes sense
to
make
decisions centralized
.
I
11 1 11 11
1 11 111111 :
even
though
centralization can
prevent
flexibility
and
an
entrepreneurial approach
,
there
are
also
strategic
factors which centralization
supports
:
→
commonality
→
Reduced
cost
.
→
consistency
→ concentration of
expertise
→ less
risk
⑧
strong
cultures are
associated with
high
organizational
performance
.
If
continuing
growing
and
building
on it
's
success
.
focusing
on
corporate
culture could
be
an essential
part
of it's
strategy
.
Please
explain
what
a
strong corporate
culture
is
,
providing
three main
arguments
☐ P
and
why
this
would
enhance
the
performance
of
the
company
,
also
providing
three
arguments
.
Organizational
culture is the
set of valves
,
beliefs
,
norms and
understandings
that is
shared
by
members
of an
organization
, developed
continuously
and
officially
on
the surface as
well as
unofficial
and
is
taught
to new
members .
Culture is
a
main success
factor
in
organizations
.
Valves
can
coordinate
activities
and
replace
formal Mechanisms
.
If
culture
and valves are
strong
,
someone
doesn't
have
to
ask
if he can
do
something
,
he
just
does
it which works towards the
companies
goal
.
Culture therefor
has
high impact
on decision
taking
and
behaviors .
culture influences
many
factors
like
the
attention
to
detail
,
the outcome orientation
and also the
innovation
and
risk
taking
.
