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Main topics for the course are how to create electricity, design of Kaplan turbine and runner, hydraulic turbines, flow momentum, Fracnis turbine, Euler work equation, ancient power resources, Pelton turbine plant, HEPP development, redial inflow turbine. This lecture includes: Schematic, Kaplan, Turbine, Hydraulic, Energy, Diagram, Design, Guide, Wheel, vanes, Whirl, Chamber, Runner
Typology: Slides
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The Schematic of Kaplan Turbine
Major Parts of A Kaplan Turbine
Design of Guide Wheel
D
go
gH
k
ug
go
k
ug
1.3 to 2.25 :
Higher values for high
specific speeds
Number of guide vanes : 8 to 24 : Higher number of vanesfor large diameter of guide wheel.
Outlines of Kaplan Runner
Whirl Chamber
Guide Vanes
a
b
The space between guide wheel outlet and kaplan runner isknown as Whirl Chamber. a=0.13 D
runner
& b=0.16 to 0.2 D
runner
.
The Kaplan Runner
Inside the Hub
Adaptation Mechanism inside the Hub
Runner diameter section
The runner diameter De can be calculated by thefollowing equation:
s
runner
4 3
s
Blade Characteristics for Micro Hydel Plants
Blade Characteristics for Micro Hydel Plants
Hydraulic Energy Diagram
H
s
H
total
H
ri
H
re
H
m
CAVITATION
Cavitation occurs especially at spots where the pressure is low.
In the case of a Kaplan turbine, the inlet of the runner is quitesusceptible to it.
At parts with a high water flow velocity cavitation might alsoarise.
The major design criteria for blades is : Avoid Cavitation.
First it decreases the efficiency and causes crackling noises.
The main problem is the wear or rather the damage of theturbine’s parts such as the blades.
Cavitation does not just destroy the parts, chemical properties arealso lost.
DESIGN OF THE BLADE
Two different views of a blade
Hydrodynamics of Kaplan Blade