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The Influence of Language and Media on Perceptions of Gender and Minorities, Study notes of Sociology

How language, symbols, and media representations shape our understanding and perceptions of gender, gender roles, and minority groups. It examines how the use of certain terms, the order of words, and the trivialization of women and minorities in language and media contribute to the perpetuation of biases and inequalities. The document delves into the ways in which language reflects and reinforces societal attitudes, highlighting the invisible sexism embedded in common linguistic practices. It also touches on the impact of racist caricatures and the interactionist perspectives that attribute inequality to individual biases and prejudices. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between language, media, and the construction of social realities.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 09/20/2024

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Portraying difference: symbols, language and media
Constructing meaning
- Symbols
- Sounds, gestures, and objects used to represent or stand for something else
Language shapes reality
- Language
- A system of symbols and associational values that allows people to communicate
with one another
- Language is the key to cultural transmission
The world is male unless proven otherwise
- Womankind, woman-made refers to specifically women
- Man kind/ man made refers to everyone even if you think of men first
- Penmanship, good will towards men, father of our country, frontiersman, chairman
- Master bedroom, the john, manhole
- Your last name
- There's a very strong biased towards men
Women are invisible
- Women in terms of a man
- Womens title is determined based on if they are available (mrs, miss, ms),
whereas men have Mr
- Poetess, actress, songstress, stewardess, majorette
- Things are lessen when they become feminine
- Generic man?
- “The man on the street” “goodwill towards men”
- Is “man” really generic? Try, “my brother married the chairman”
- Generic He… but is it really?
- “No person should have to undergo an abortion against his will”
The trivialization of women
- Women and children first
- “We need to protect them… they're weak”
- More childlike = more feminine (no hair on body… smooth like a baby)
- Wine, women and song
- “Nice to have after a long days work”
- Associated with parties
- We shall be left with the blind, the lame and the women
- There's something wrong with (impairment) all of these people
- Message: women are immature, frivolous and impaired
- Are you going out with the guys or the girls?
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New section Portraying difference: symbols, language and media Constructing meaning

  • Symbols
    • Sounds, gestures, and objects used to represent or stand for something else Language shapes reality
  • Language
  • A system of symbols and associational values that allows people to communicate with one another
  • Language is the key to cultural transmission The world is male unless proven otherwise
  • Womankind, woman-made refers to specifically women
  • Man kind/ man made refers to everyone even if you think of men first
  • Penmanship, good will towards men, father of our country, frontiersman, chairman
  • Master bedroom, the john, manhole
  • Your last name
  • There's a very strong biased towards men Women are invisible
  • Women in terms of a man
  • Womens title is determined based on if they are available (mrs, miss, ms), whereas men have Mr
  • Poetess, actress, songstress, stewardess, majorette
  • Things are lessen when they become feminine
  • Generic man?
  • “The man on the street” “goodwill towards men”
  • Is “man” really generic? Try, “my brother married the chairman”
  • Generic He… but is it really?
  • “No person should have to undergo an abortion against his will” The trivialization of women
  • Women and children first
  • “We need to protect them… they're weak”
  • More childlike = more feminine (no hair on body… smooth like a baby)
  • Wine, women and song
  • “Nice to have after a long days work”
  • Associated with parties
  • We shall be left with the blind, the lame and the women
  • There's something wrong with (impairment) all of these people
  • Message: women are immature, frivolous and impaired
  • Are you going out with the guys or the girls?
  • Saying boys is like a put down but it is normal to say girls
  • “Just a second man” is normal. “Just a second lady/woman” sound slightly negative Consider the following:
  • Womens body parts are named after men
  • Fallopian tubes is after the italian physician (male)
  • “Former president kennedy and first lady jacqueline bouvier, patron of the arts, rarely skied at jackson hole, wyoming”
  • Named after breasts
  • Order of terms
  • President, first lady
  • Man and wife
  • Boys and girls
  • Terms without equivalent
  • Asymmetrical terms
  • Fatherly advice
  • Place names, eponyms and institutions What's in a name
  • Changing neutral terms
  • Hussy/ housewife, spinster
  • Tart, dolly, kitty- terms of endearment
  • Slut was originally a term that described a male who neglected his appearance
  • Males discarded names when they started to be used as female
  • Shirley, Francis and Kelly used to be popular mens names The pejorative shift of parallel terms
  • Gentlemen → lady
  • Sir → madame (runs a whore house)
  • Master → mistress
  • Courtier → courtesan (prostitute)
  • Bachelor → spinster
  • These terms are supposed to be the same level of respect but because of the associated term, its less respectful and takes on negative and/or sexual connotations Neutral terms take the meaning from their pairing Male Female Easy Eg. he’s easy (not sexual) Easy Eg. she’s easy (Sounds sexual) Listen man, I think you should Listen lady, I think you should Dick → can be a name Cunt → super negative