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Test Bank For Abrams’ Clinical Drug Therapy Rationales for Nursing Practice 12th Edition Geralyn Frandsen - ISBN/ISSN 9781975136130
Table of Content
SECTION 1 The Conceptual Framework of Pharmacology
Chapter 1 The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts and Processes
Chapter 3 Medication Administration and the Nursing Process of Drug Therapy
SECTION 2 Drug Therapy Throughout the Lifespan
Chapter 4 Pharmacology and the Care of Infants and Pediatric Patients Medication Administration in
Pediatrics
Chapter 5 Pharmacology and the Care of Adults and Geriatric Patients
Chapter 6 Pharmacology and the Care of Pregnant or Lactating Woman
Chapter 7 Pharmacology and Women’s Health
Chapter 8 Pharmacology and Men’s Health
SECTION 3 Drugs Affecting the Hematopoietic and Immune Systems
Chapter 9 Drug Therapy for Coagulation Disorders
Chapter 10 Drug Therapy for Dyslipidemia
Chapter 11 Drug Therapy for Hematopoietic Disorders
Chapter 12 Drug Therapy: Immunizations
Chapter 13 Drug Therapy to Decrease Immunity
Chapter 14 Drug Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer
SECTION 4 Drugs Affecting Inflammation and Infection
Chapter 15 Inflammation, Infection, and the Use of Antimicrobial Agents
Chapter 16 Drug Therapy to Decrease Pain, Fever, and Inflammation
Chapter 17 Drug Therapy With Corticosteroids
Chapter 18 Drug Therapy With Beta-Lactam Antibacterial Agents
Chapter 19 Drug Therapy With Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones
Chapter 20 Drug Therapy With Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, and Urinary Antiseptics
Chapter 21 Drug Therapy With Macrolides and Miscellaneous Anti-infective Agents
Chapter 22 Drug Therapy for Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease
Chapter 23 Drug Therapy for Viral Infections
Chapter 24 Drug Therapy for Fungal Infections
Chapter 25 Drug Therapy for Parasitic Infections
SECTION 5 Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
Chapter 26 Drug Therapy for Hypertension
Chapter 27 Drug Therapy for Dysrhythmias
Chapter 28 Drug Therapy for Coronary Heart Disease
Chapter 29 Drug Therapy for Shock and Hypotension
Chapter 30 Drug Therapy for Heart Failure
SECTION 6 Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System
Chapter 31 Drug Therapy for Nasal Congestion and Cough
Chapter 32 Drug Therapy to Decrease Histamine Effects and Allergic Response
Chapter 33 Drug Therapy for Asthma and Bronchoconstriction
Chapter 51 Drug Therapy With General Anesthetics
Chapter 52 Drug Therapy for Migraines and Other Headaches
Chapter 53 Drug Therapy for Seizure Disorders and Spasticity
Chapter 54 Drug Therapy for Anxiety and Insomnia
Chapter 55 Drug Therapy for Depression and Mood Stabilization
Chapter 56 Drug Therapy for Psychotic Disorders
Chapter 57 Drug Therapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Narcolepsy
Chapter 58 Drug Therapy for Substance Abuse Disorders
Section 10 Drugs Affecting the Eye, Ear, and Skin
Chapter 59 Drug Therapy for Disorders of the Eye
Chapter 60 Drug Therapy for Disorders of the Ear
Chapter 61 Drug Therapy for Disorders of the Skin
Chapter 1, The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
- A woman diagnosed with obsessive–compulsive disorder has been prescribed oral paroxetine hydrochloride. What is the expected effect for this prescription? A. Curative effect on symptoms B. Systemic effect on symptoms C. Local effect on symptoms D. Parenteral effect on symptoms
ANS: B Rationale: Drugs that produce systemic effects are taken into the body, circulated through the bloodstream to their sites of action in various body tissues, and eventually eliminated from the body. Curative agents are given to cure a disease process. In this case, paroxetine hydrochloride will control the symptoms but not cure the disorder. Drugs with local effects, such as sunscreen and local anesthetics, act mainly at the site of application. Paroxetine hydrochloride is not administered parenterally. Parenteral agents are administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 3, Introduction OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
- A client has been prescribed an antibiotic. This medication is a naturally occurring substance that has been another name for this type of medication? A. Synthetic drug B. Semisynthetic drug C. Biotechnology drug D. Prototype drug
ANS: B Rationale: Semisynthetic drugs (e.g., many antibiotics) are naturally occurring substances that have been chemically modified. Synthetic drugs are more standardized in their chemical characteristics, more consistent in their effects, and less likely to produce allergic reactions. Biotechnology drugs involve manipulating DNA and RNA and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms. Prototype drugs are the first drug of a particular group to be developed.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 3, Drug Sources OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
- Which classification applies to morphine? A. Central nervous system depressant B. Central nervous system stimulant
Rationale: The Food and Drug Administration approves drugs for over-the-counter availability, including the transfer of drugs from prescription to OTC status, and may require clinical trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of OTC use. The Public Health Service is regulated by the state to maintain the health of individual citizens of the state. The Federal Trade Commission regulates imports and exports throughout the nation. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulates safety within the workplace.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4, Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
- In the U.S., the administration of anabolic steroids is regulated by which law? A. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 B. The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act C. The Harrison Narcotic Act D. The Sherley Amendment
ANS: B Rationale: The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act regulates the manufacture and distribution of narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and anabolic steroids. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 revised and broadened FDA powers and responsibilities, giving the FDA control over drug safety. The Harrison Narcotic Act restricted the importation, manufacture, sale, and use of opium, cocaine, marijuana, and other drugs that the act Amendment of 1912 prohibited fraudulent claims of drug effectiveness.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4, Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs OBJ: 3 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
- A nurse is responsible for maintaining an accurate count and record of the controlled substances on the nursing division. This nursing action is regulated by which U.S. law or agency? A. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 B. The Public Health Service C. The Drug Enforcement Administration D. The Sherley Amendment
ANS: C
Rationale: The Drug Enforcement Administration enforces the Controlled Substances Act. Under this enforcement, nurses are responsible for storing controlled substances in locked containers, administering them only to the people for whom they are prescribed, recording each dose given, and maintaining an accurate inventory. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 revised and broadened FDA powers and responsibilities, giving the FDA control over drug safety. The Public Health Service is regulated by the state to maintain the health of individual citizens of the state. The Sherley Amendment of 1912 prohibited fraudulent claims of drug effectiveness.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 7, Testing Procedure OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
- In Phase 1 clinical trials, the potential uses and effects of a new drug are determined by which method? A. Administering doses to healthy volunteers B. Administering doses to people with the disease C. Administering in placebo-controlled design D. Calculating the risk-to-benefit ratio
ANS: A Rationale: Phase 1 studies allow for the administration of the medication to healthy volunteers to determine safe dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. In Phase 2 studies, a few doses are given to a certain number of subjects with the disease is being studied and responses are compared with those of healthy subjects. Placebo-controlled designs are used in Phase 3 studies, in which half of the subjects receive the new drug and half receive the placebo. Calculating the risk-to-benefit ratio is used in Phase 2 studies to determine whether the potential benefits of the drug outweigh the risks.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 7, Testing Procedure OBJ: 5 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
- A new medication for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is being administered to a group of subjects with the disease. The subjects receiving this medication are unaware of whether they are being administered the medication or a placebo. This testing occurs in which phase? A. Phase 1 B. Phase 2 C. Phase 3 D. Phase 4
ANS: C
Rationale: Drugs with local effects, such as sunscreen lotions and local anesthetics, act mainly at the site of application. Those with systemic effects are taken into the body, circulated through the bloodstream to their sites of action in various body tissues, and eventually eliminated from the body. A drug with local effect does not necessarily have to be applied at multiple sites, and its action may affect tissues long after contact.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 3, Introduction OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze NOT: Multiple Choice
- What is the primary importance of a black box warning? A. It will result in the medication being removed from the market. B. It acknowledges that the medication has been tested on only a selected portion of the population. C. It suggests that the prescription of the medication be avoided when treating certain populations. D. It alerts health care professionals of the potential of serious adverse effects associated with the medication.
ANS: D Rationale: Black box warnings identify the fact that a drug can cause serious adverse effects. Subsequent withdrawal of approved and marketed drugs has occurred, usually because of serious adverse effects that become evident only when the drugs are used in a large, diverse population. The warning does not address testing or target populations. PTS: 1 REF: p. 7, Testing Procedure OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze NOT: Multiple Choice
- A health care facility is complying with the mandates of U.S. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) concerning Schedule II medications when implementing which nursing intervention? Select all that apply. A. Access to narcotics is controlled by key or codes. B. Narcotics are administered by prescriptions only. C. Only selected narcotics may be automatically renewed. D. The administration of individual narcotic doses is recorded in specific unit documentation. E. Any recognized discrepancy involving a narcotic must be reported to the appropriate facility authority.
ANS: A, B, D, E Rationale: Nurses are responsible for storing controlled substances in locked containers, administering them only to the people for whom they are prescribed, recording each dose given on agency narcotic sheets and on the client’s medication administration record, maintaining an accurate inventory, and reporting discrepancies to the proper authorities. Prescriptions for Schedule II drugs cannot be refilled; a new prescription is required.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 7, Testing Procedure OBJ: 5 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze NOT: Multiple Select
- Which medication reference is considered to be an authoritative, well-respected source of information? Select all that apply. A. American Hospital Formulary Service B. Drug Facts and Comparisons C. Physicians’ Desk Reference D. Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide E. Package inserts provided with each medication
ANS: A, B Rationale: An authoritative source is a work known to be reliable because its authority or authenticity is widely recognized by experts in the field. Both the American Hospital Formulary Service and the Drug Facts and Comparisons are authoritative sources of drug information that have been recognized as reliable sources of medication information. The Physicians’ Desk Reference is published yearly and contains manufacturers’ published inserts for selected drugs. The package inserts are produced by the drug manufacturers and do not necessarily contain the details included in the correct options. Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide is an example of a drug handbook, not a compilation of manufacturers’ inserts and intended as a student resource.
PTS: 1 R EF: OBJ: 7
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Select
- A nursing student in a pharmacology class should be encouraged to study the medications according to which categorization? Select all that apply. A. Prototype B. Controlled substance C. Drug use D. Generic names E. Therapeutic classification
ANS: A, E Rationale: The nursing student should concentrate on therapeutic classifications and their prototypes. Controlled substances limit the medications studied to one broad classification. Drug use is only one part of the broad classification. Generic names are only one aspect of the medication.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 12, Strategies for Studying Pharmacology OBJ: 6 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
ANS: C
Rationale: The main goal of drug laws is to protect the public by ensuring that drugs marketed for therapeutic purposes are safe and effective. Efficiency and choice are valid considerations, but neither is the primary goal of American drug legislation. Workload is expedited when delivery of health care is efficient.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4, Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs OBJ: 3 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
- A nurse who provides care on a postsurgical unit frequently administers Schedule II drugs to clients. Which aspect of administering these drugs falls under the auspices of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration? A. Performing a thorough client assessment prior to administration B. Recording each dose administration on an agency narcotic sheet C. Informing clients of the potential risks and benefits of such drugs prior to the first dose D. Assessing the client shortly after administration to ensure existence of the expected therapeutic effect
ANS: B Rationale: Nurses are responsible for storing controlled substances in locked containers, administering them only to people for whom they are prescribed, recording each dose given on agency narcotic sheets administration record, maintaining an accurate inventory, and reporting discrepancies to the proper authorities. The other given actions are appropriate nursing activities, but they are not within the scope of the DEA authority.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 7, Testing Procedure OBJ: 5 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze NOT: Multiple Choice
- Trials of a new drug are scheduled to begin soon. The testing methodology will integrate the stipulations of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act. According to this act, the manufacturer must address which requirement? A. Independently fund the entire testing process. B. Make the results of the testing process publicly available. C. Include women and minorities in the testing process. D. Exclude any potential for financial gain during the testing process. ANS: C
Rationale: In 1993, the United States Congress passed the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act, which formalized a policy of the NIH that women and minorities be included in human subject research studies funded by the NIH and that women and minorities be included in clinical drug trials. This act does not specifically address the financial structure of testing or the accessibility of information.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 7, Testing Procedure OBJ: 5 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
- A hospital nurse is vigilant in ensuring the safe use of medications and consistently applies the rights of medication administration. What are the rights of medication administration? Select all that apply. A. Right to refuse prescribed medication B. Right route for effective medication therapy C. Right to effective medication education D. Right evaluation of expected results E. Right to low-cost medication therapy
ANS: A, B, C, D Rationale: The traditional rights of medication administration (right drug, right dose, right client, right route, right time, right reason, and right documentation) now include additional rights that should also be considered (right education, right evaluation, and right to refuse the medication). While important, there is not a recognized right to low-cost medication. PTS: 1 REF: p. 8, Rights of Medication Administration OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies TOP: Chapter: 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Select
- A client’s current medication administration record includes a drug that the nurse recognizes as an Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) high-alert medication. This designation signals the nurse to what characteristic of the drug? A. It can only be administered by a health care provider or advanced practice nurse. B. Administration must be cosigned by a second registered nurse or practical/vocational nurse. C. It is currently undergoing Phase 4 testing and is pending full FDA approval. D. Administration errors carry a heightened risk of causing significant client harm.
ANS: D Rationale: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) identifies drugs that when used in error have a heightened risk of causing significant client harm. Such drugs are not limited to health care provider or advanced practice nurse administration. The drug would have completed the testing and approval procedure, and administration does not necessarily require a cosignature.
Ch. 2
- Which cellular structure stores hormones and other substances and packages these substances into secretory granules? A) Golgi apparatus B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Mitochondria D) Lysosome Ans: A Feedback: The golgi apparatus stores hormones and other substances. The endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes, which synthesize proteins, including enzymes that synthesize glycogen, triglycerides, and steroids and those that metabolize drugs and other chemicals. The mitochondria generate energy for cellular activities and require oxygen. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles that contain enzymes capable of digesting nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats), damaged cellular structures, foreign substances (bacteria), and the cell itself.
- A patient is suffering from a cough associated with an upper respiratory infection. Which oral medication will likely produce the most therapeutic effect? A) A tablet B) An expectorant C) A topical spray D) A timed-release tablet Ans: B Feedback: Liquid medications are absorbed faster than tablets or capsules. Expectorants are liquid medications. A tablet is an oral medication that has a slower onset of action than a liquid medication. A topical spray can be sprayed to the back of the throat and provides only a local effect. A timed-release tablet is an oral medication that has a slower onset and longer duration of action.
- A patient is administered an oral contraceptive. Which of the following is the process that occurs between the time the drug enters the body and the time that it enters the bloodstream? A) Absorption B) Distribution C) Metabolism D) Excretion Ans: A Feedback: Absorption is the process that occurs from the time the drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated. Distribution involves the transport of drug molecules within the body. Metabolism is the method by which drugs are inactivated or biotransformed by the body. Excretion refers to elimination of a drug from the body.
- Which of the following sites of drug absorption is considered to have an exceptionally large surface area for drug absorption? A) Rectum B) Fundus of the stomach C) Esophagus D) Lungs Ans: D Feedback: The lungs have a large surface area for absorption of anesthetic gases and a few other drugs. The rectum absorbs the medication through the mucous membranes and has a smaller surface area than the lungs. The fundus and esophagus have comparatively small surface areas.
- A nurse is aware of the importance of adhering to the intended route of a medication. Which of the following drugs are formulated to be absorbed through the skin? A) Amoxicillin, tetracycline, and penicillin B) Clonidine, fentanyl, and nitroglycerin C) Digoxin, lidocaine, and propranolol D) Insulin, heparin, and morphine Ans: B Feedback: Some drugs are formulated in adhesive skin patches for absorption through the skin. Clonidine, fentanyl, and nitroglycerin are examples of drugs that are formulated in adhesive skin patch form to be absorbed through the skin. Amoxicillin, tetracycline, and penicillin are administered orally. Digoxin and propranolol are administered orally, and lidocaine can be administered intravenously, subcutaneously, or topically. Insulin and heparin are administered intravenously and subcutaneously. Morphine is administered orally, intramuscularly, and intravenously.
- An 85-year-old patient has an elevated serum creatinine level, indicating impaired kidney function. When the patient is administered a medication, this patient is at risk for which of the following medication-related effects? A) Toxicity B) Increased absorption C) Delayed gastric emptying D) Idiosyncratic effects Ans: A Feedback: An elevated creatinine level is indicative of diminished kidney function, which will result in serum drug toxicity. The creatinine level indicates kidney function, does not affect absorption, and has no effect on gastric emptying.
C) Spironolactone (Aldactone) D) Mannitol (Osmitrol) Ans: D Feedback: Mannitol (Osmitrol) is an osmotic diuretic that increases the osmolarity of plasma and pulls water out of the tissues into the bloodstream. It does not act on receptor sites. Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle. Hydrochlorothiazide is associated with drug interference with absorption of sodium ions across the distal renal tubule. Spironolactone acts by competing with aldosterone for cellular receptor sites.
- A patient older than 65 years is more likely to experience drug reaction than a much younger patient. Which of the following factors accounts for this variation? A) Drugs more readily crossing the bloodñbrain barrier in older people B) Age-related physiologic changes C) Increased drug-metabolizing enzymes in older people D) Diminished immune response Ans: B Feedback: In older adults (65 years and older), physiologic changes may alter all pharmacokinetic processes. Although drugs crossing the bloodñbrain barrier affect drug reaction, this factor is important in all ages. Increased drug-metabolizing enzymes are key in all ages and do not relate to age variations. A diminished immune response is important in all ages and does not affect all medications.
- A patient who is 6 feet tall and weighs 280 pounds will require which of the following doses? A) Higher dose than a patient who weighs 180 pounds B) Lower dose than a patient who weighs 180 pounds C) Same dose as a patient who weighs 180 pounds D) A parenteral rather than oral dose Ans: A Feedback: In general, people heavier than average may need larger doses, provided their renal, hepatic, and cardiovascular functions are adequate.
- A nurse has provided an oral dose of morphine, an opioid agonist, to a woman in early labor. The nurse should be aware of what characteristic of agonists? A) Agonists alter the normal processes of distribution and metabolism. B) Agonists counteract the action of specific neurotransmitters. C) Agonists block the action of specific neurotransmitters. D) Agonists bind to receptors and cause a physiological effect. Ans: D
Feedback: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring hormones, neurotransmitters, and other substances by activating (not blocking or counteracting) a receptor. Classification of a drug as an agonist does not denote a change to metabolism or distribution.
- A nurse is preparing to simultaneously administer two drugs to a patient. The nurse knows that the drugs have been ordered to be given together because of their synergistic effect. This means that A) the adverse effects of one of the drugs are nullified by the other drug. B) the combined effects are greater than the effects of either one of the drugs alone. C) one of the drugs enhances metabolism, while the other drug enhances either distribution or absorption. D) both drugs are toxic in isolation but therapeutic when administered together. Ans: B Feedback: Synergism occurs when two drugs with different sites or mechanisms of action produce greater effects when taken together. This does not mean that potential toxicity or adverse effects are ìcanceled out.î The two drugs would not individually affect different aspects of pharmacokinetics.
- A patient has been brought to the emergency department by ambulance, and his friend states that he has overdosed on methadone, a long-acting opioid. The care team is preparing to administer the appropriate antidote, naloxone, which has a shorter half-life than methadone. What are the implications of this aspect of pharmacokinetics? A) Repeated doses of naloxone will likely be necessary. B) A different antidote will be required after the serum level of naloxone decreases. C) An increased dose of naloxone will be required. D) The antidote is unlikely to have a therapeutic effect on the patient's symptoms. Ans: A Feedback: When an antidote is used, its half-life relative to the toxin's half-life must be considered. For example, the half-life of naloxone, a narcotic antagonist, is relatively short compared with the half-life of the longer-acting opioids such as methadone, and repeated doses may be needed to prevent recurrence of the toxic state.
- A patient tells the nurse, ìI took my sleeping pill yesterday evening, but it didn't seem to work for me like it usually does.î The nurse should consider which of the following variables that can affect drug absorption? Select all that apply. A) GI function B) Blood flow to the site of administration C) The presence of other drugs
