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Subsurface - Structural Geology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Geology

In the following Lecture of Structural geology, the Lecturer has explained the following terms : Subsurface, Subsurface Mapping, Map, Arrow, Contour Line, Contouring Rules, Map Area, Contour Interval, Entire Map, Lines Separate

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/22/2013

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Geol 342
Subsurface Mapping
Representing a 3D surface on a map
Movie
The arrow points at …
A. A ridge.
B. A valley.
What is a contour line?
Describe
the
structure
Contouring Rules
A contour line separates points that are higher
from points that are lower
Contour lines cannot cross
Contour lines cannot merge
Contour lines must close on themselves within
the map area or extend to the edge of the map
Contour interval must remain constant for the
entire map
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Geol 342

Subsurface Mapping

Representing a 3D surface on a map

Movie

The arrow points at …

A. A ridge. B. A valley.

What is a contour line?

Describe

the

structure

Contouring Rules

  • A contour line separates points that are higher from points that are lower
  • Contour lines cannot cross
  • Contour lines cannot merge
  • Contour lines must close on themselves within the map area or extend to the edge of the map
  • Contour interval must remain constant for the entire map

2

How do you make a contour map?

1. A contour lines separate points that

are higher from points that are lower

2. Space the contours between all the

know points

3. Honor all the data

Contour this data using 25m interval

Datum = 0 m

10m contour spacing

4

Dealing with multiple layers •Isopach maps •Plot the elevation difference between two maps

Pennsylvanian Top

1800

1500 1800

1700

Pennsylvanian-Mississippian Isopach

500

600

300

400

800 700

What about mapping other parameters?

  • Extensive Surfaces:
    • Tops and Bottoms of formations
    • Isopachs
    • Fault surfaces
    • Fluid contacts, i.e. Gas-Oil, Water-Oil
  • Intensive Surfaces:
    • Porosities
    • Net/Gross Ratios
    • Fluid Saturations

What about Unconformities? Unconformity Surface

5

Top of Layer A Base of Layer A

Isopach of Layer A (^) Which well would encounter the thickest

sand?

Faulted surfaces

7

Reverse Faulting Example Where is the highest point in the structure in this depth map?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

D A

C

B

E