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Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 1 Final Exam
Questions With 100% Correct Answers
What is the smallest level of organization in the body that contains the body's genetic information? Select one: a. chemical b. cellular c. tissue d. organism – CORRECT ANSWER: B. Cellular The cellular level includes the nucleus, an organelle that contains the body's genetic information. Which is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism? Select one: a. elevated blood pressure during exercise b. increase in heart rate after blood loss c. decrease in blood pressure after blood loss d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER: d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy Which of the following processes generates the most ATP within a human cell? Select one: a. glycolysis b. lactic acid fermentation c. oxidative phosphorylation d. citric acid cycle - CORRECT ANSWER: c. oxidative phosphorylation During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical DNA molecules? Select one: a. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA polymerase. b. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA ligase. c. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA polymerase. d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. - CORRECT ANSWER: d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. Which is the most superficial layer of skin that is composed primarily of living cells? Select one: a. stratum corneum b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum basale d. stratum spinosum - CORRECT ANSWER: d. stratum spinosum Which of the following is the definition of a third degree burn? Select one: a. a burn that covers at least 25% of the skin b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis c. a burn that can only be caused by fire d. a burn that does not leave scars - CORRECT ANSWER: b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis Which of the following types of openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe? Select one: a. cavity b. cleft c. hole d. tunnel - CORRECT ANSWER: a. cavity Which of the following components of the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to be easily shattered? Select one: a. cartilage b. collagen c. hydroxyapatite d. mineral - CORRECT ANSWER: b. collagen Which of the following is the most widely distributed type of muscle in the body? Select one: a. cardiac b. postural c. skeletal d. smooth - CORRECT ANSWER: d. smooth Which sentence best describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction? Select one: a. Actin and myosin filaments remain stationary. b. Actin and myosin myofilaments shorten. c. Sarcomeres and myofibrils contract. d. Sarcomeres and myofibrils lengthen. - CORRECT ANSWER: c. Sarcomeres and myofibrils contract. doctor performing an autopsy on a patient concludes that part of the brain was likely damaged by trauma due to a large population of which type of cell? Select one: a. Schwann cells
C. parathyroid glands. D. parafollicular cells. - CORRECT ANSWER: C. parathyroid glands. Which component of the autonomic nervous system is least active during resting conditions? A. parasympathetic division B. enteric nervous system C. sympathetic division D. sensory neurons - CORRECT ANSWER: C. sympathetic division Which of the following special senses experiences the least amount of decline as an individual ages? A. olfactory B. balance C. visual D. auditory - CORRECT ANSWER: A. olfactory The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is Select one: a. systemic anatomy. b. regional anatomy. c. molecular biology. d. microbiology. e. surface anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER: e. surface anatomy There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?. Select one: a. For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells. b. For every cell in your body, there are one hundred microbial cells. c. For every cell in your body, there are one thousand microbial cells. d. For every cell in your body, there are ten thousand microbial cells. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells. An anatomic image created from sound waves is a Select one: a. radiograph. b. CT scan. c. MRI. d. sonogram - CORRECT ANSWER: d. sonogram A major limitation of radiographs is that they Select one: a. can only visualize bone.
b. give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body. c. are old technology that do not give good results. d. have very few applications. - CORRECT ANSWER: b. give only a flat, two- dimensional image of the body. A tissue is a Select one: a. structure contained within a cell. b. lower level of organization than a cell. c. group of organs that performs specific functions. d. group of cells with similar structure and function. e. structure that contains a group of organs. - CORRECT ANSWER: d. group of cells with similar structure and function. Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following? Select one: a. histology b. physiology c. gross anatomy d. radiology e. cytology - CORRECT ANSWER: c. gross anatomy An organ system is Select one: a. a small structure within a cell. b. a structure composed of several tissue types. c. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. e. a group of cells with similar structure and function. - CORRECT ANSWER: d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. An organelle is Select one: a. a small structure within a cell. b. a structure composed of several tissue types. c. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. e. a group of cells with similar structure and function. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. a small structure within a cell. A cell is Select one: a. a small structure within a molecule. b. a structure composed of several tissue types.
e. the membrane that lines the pericardial sac. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. a double- layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "C" represent? Select one: a. diaphragm b. mediastinum c. pelvic cavity d. thoracic cavity e. abdominal cavity - This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "C" represent? Select one: a. visceral peritoneum (covers organs) b. mesentery c. parietal peritoneum (lines cavity) d. retroperitoneal organs e. peritoneal cavity - CORRECT ANSWER: a. visceral peritoneum (covers organs) "Cutting off your nose" would be a section in the _____ plane. Select one: a. coronal b. nasal c. median d. transverse e. sagittal - CORRECT ANSWER: a. coronal Which of the following is not a function of the control center within a feedback mechanism? Select one: a. receives and processes information b. controls effectors c. establishes a set point d. detects a change in the value of a variable - CORRECT ANSWER: d. detects a change in the value of a variable Cephalic means Select one: a. toward the middle or midline of the body. b. away from the surface.
c. closer to the head. d. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. e. toward the back of the body. - CORRECT ANSWER: c. closer to the head. The lumbar region is the Select one: a. area in front of the elbow. b. chest area. c. lower back. d. bottom of foot. e. forearm. - CORRECT ANSWER: c. lower back. The axillary region is the Select one: a. calf. b. armpit. c. hollow behind the knee. d. neck. e. thigh. - CORRECT ANSWER: b. armpit. Kinetic energy is Select one: a. the form of energy that actually does work. b. movement of ions or electrons. c. energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. d. stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. e. energy that moves in waves. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. the form of energy that actually does work. Molecules that form when electrons are shared unequally between atoms are called Select one: a. salt molecules. b. polar molecules. c. nonpolar molecules. d. lopsided molecules. e. None of these choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER: b. polar molecules. In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays; and the less dense tissues appear ______ because they ______ the x- rays. Select one: a. light, absorb; dark, do not absorb b. dark, absorb; light, do not absorb c. light, do not absorb; dark, aborb
Chemical substances that dissolve in water or react with water to release ions are known as Select one: a. buffers. b. enzymes. c. bases. d. inorganic compounds. e. electrolytes. - CORRECT ANSWER: e. electrolytes. A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a(n) Select one: a. compound. b. element. c. ion. d. molecule. e. compound and a molecule. - CORRECT ANSWER: e. compound and a molecule. Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "A" represent on the diagram? Select one: a. phosphorus b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. polar (hydrophilic) region e. nonpolar (hydrophobic) region - CORRECT ANSWER: d. polar (hydrophilic) region Solution A increases its acidity. This means that the Select one: a. solution is closer to neutrality. b. pH of the solution has increased. c. solution will now accept more protons. d. number of hydrogen ions has decreased. e. number of hydrogen ions has increased. - CORRECT ANSWER: e. number of hydrogen ions has increased. Which of the following would be classified as a lipid? Select one: a. cholesterol-a steroid b. alanine-an amino acid c. starch-a polysaccharide d. catalase-an enzyme e. sucrose-a disaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER: a. cholesterol-a steroid Which of the following lists includes only monosaccharides that are isomers of one another?
Select one: a. glycogen, glucose, sucrose b. starch, glycogen, cellulose c. glucose, fructose, galactose d. ribose, glycogen, glucose e. deoxyribose, glycogen, starch - CORRECT ANSWER: c. glucose, fructose, galactose Consider the following five terms. Which term does not belong with the other four terms? Select one: a. disaccharide b. sucrose c. lactose d. maltose e. glucose - CORRECT ANSWER: e. glucose Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent on the diagram? Select one: a. phosphorus b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. polar (hydrophilic) region e. nonpolar (hydrophobic) region - CORRECT ANSWER: c. nitrogen Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body? Select one: a. structural component of DNA b. protection c. bulk in feces d. energy e. structural component of RNA - CORRECT ANSWER: b. protection Normal pH for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Maintenance of the pH in this range is Select one: a. critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH. b. not critical because extreme pH values do not affect enzyme function. c. called denaturation. d. not required. e. None of these choices is correct. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH. A solution that contains one osmole of solute in one kilogram (kg) of water is called a Select one: a. 1% solution.
e. integral protein - CORRECT ANSWER: b. phospholipid bilayer What structure does "E" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? Select one: a. membrane channel protein b. phospholipid bilayer c. internal membrane surface d. peripheral protein e. receptor protein - CORRECT ANSWER: c. internal membrane surface An organ system is - CORRECT ANSWER: a group of organs with a common set of functions An organelle is - CORRECT ANSWER: a small structure within a cell A cell is - CORRECT ANSWER: the basic structural unit of living organisms What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER: digital subtraction angiography The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called - CORRECT ANSWER: PET A tissue is a - CORRECT ANSWER: group of cells with similar structure and function What branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin? - CORRECT ANSWER: organ physiology Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines? - CORRECT ANSWER: histology There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?. - CORRECT ANSWER: For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells The study of the body's organization by areas is - CORRECT ANSWER: regional anatomy Medial means - CORRECT ANSWER: toward the middle or midline of the body This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent? - CORRECT ANSWER: retroperitoneal organs Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body? - CORRECT ANSWER: cardiovascular
The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger). - CORRECT ANSWER: lateral In reference to the body tempaerature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the - CORRECT ANSWER: ideal normal value The sural region is the - CORRECT ANSWER: calf The visceral pleura is - CORRECT ANSWER: the serous membrane that covers the lungs The cervical region is the - CORRECT ANSWER: neck Imagine the following scenario: Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more. This is an example of _____ feedback. - CORRECT ANSWER: positive The popliteal region is the - CORRECT ANSWER: hollow behind the knee Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called - CORRECT ANSWER: electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have - CORRECT ANSWER: 20 neutrons A neutral atom contains - CORRECT ANSWER: the same number of electrons and protons Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are - CORRECT ANSWER: electrons Which of the following is not a use of X-ray imaging? - CORRECT ANSWER: brain tumor progression In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays; and the less dense tissues appear ______ because they ______ the x- rays. - CORRECT ANSWER: light, absorb; dark, do not absorb Sodium chloride is considered a(n) - compound Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER: All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions
What structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER: membrane channel protein What structure does "E" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER: internal membrane surface If 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution - CORRECT ANSWER: is hypotonic to the cell What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a ligand? - CORRECT ANSWER: receptor proteins A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected? - CORRECT ANSWER: mitochondrion Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution "B" relative to the RBC? - CORRECT ANSWER: hypertonic solution Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of transport is generically called _______. - CORRECT ANSWER: mediated transport What is membrane potential? - CORRECT ANSWER: The electrical charge difference across the membrane caused by ion movement. Which mature cells do not have a nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER: red blood cells The anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which of the following codons? - CORRECT ANSWER: CAU Chromatin condenses and nucleoli disappear during - CORRECT ANSWER: prophase In which part of the cell cycle do chromosomes align along the equator? - CORRECT ANSWER: metaphase Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER: use of drugs to increase the blood supply to the tumor Which of the following is NOT associated with interphase? - CORRECT ANSWER: The cell does nothing but rest All triplets required to code for synthesis of a protein are a - CORRECT ANSWER: gene Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER: synthesizes DNA from RNA.
The presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of _____. - CORRECT ANSWER: aging A non-albino female who is a carrier for the albino allele (Aa), mates with an albino (aa) male. What is the probability that their children will be albino? - CORRECT ANSWER: 50% The actual genetic constitution of an individual is its - CORRECT ANSWER: genotype A __________ is a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis. - CORRECT ANSWER: karyotype The process of meiosis will _____ as the gametes are produced - CORRECT ANSWER: cut the chromosome number by 1/ A person's height, intelligence, eye color, and skin color are examples of - CORRECT ANSWER: polygenic traits Which of the following genotypes will result in a male? - CORRECT ANSWER: XY What term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele? - CORRECT ANSWER: Incomplete dominance Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance? - CORRECT ANSWER: beta thalassemia What term means that both alleles are different? - CORRECT ANSWER: heterozygous A gene that is responsible for producing trypsin in the pancreas would be a ____ gene.
- CORRECT ANSWER: dominant Chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as - CORRECT ANSWER: autosomes What genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21? - CORRECT ANSWER: Down syndrome What genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs? - CORRECT ANSWER: achondroplasia Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex? - CORRECT ANSWER: Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Which of the following terms correctly identifies the name of an embryonic germ layer? - CORRECT ANSWER: ectoderm What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER: hemidesmosomes The extracellular material of a tissue is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER: matrix What type of muscle is found attached to bones? - CORRECT ANSWER: skeletal muscle When Harry stepped on a nail, inflammation and infection were severe, but localized. Which of the following functions serves to wall off or isolate the injured area to the greatest degree? - CORRECT ANSWER: coagulation of plasma proteins The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are - CORRECT ANSWER: collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of - CORRECT ANSWER: simple squamous epithelium What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER: cardiac muscle A tissue that has a fluid matrix is - CORRECT ANSWER: blood The central axis of the hair is the - CORRECT ANSWER: medulla This is the site of fat storage in the skin. - CORRECT ANSWER: hypodermis The proximal portion of the nail is the - CORRECT ANSWER: nail root The nail proper is composed of the - CORRECT ANSWER: stratum corneum When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis - CORRECT ANSWER: is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not. Melanin is found in which cells? - CORRECT ANSWER: Both melanocytes and keratinocytes This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis. - CORRECT ANSWER: papillary layer Some drugs for treating acne include peroxides that increases 'peeling' or shedding of skin. This drugs' side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible loss of hair in areas in contact. Do peroxides have an effect on the
sebum-production? - CORRECT ANSWER: Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there. As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called - CORRECT ANSWER: keratinization The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from - CORRECT ANSWER: the light-scattering properties of collagen sweat - CORRECT ANSWER: is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff. - CORRECT ANSWER: stratum corneum The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is - CORRECT ANSWER: detection of heat and touch What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER: Full thickness With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly - CORRECT ANSWER: experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called - CORRECT ANSWER: cyanosis Acne is caused by - CORRECT ANSWER: All of these are factors Which of the following is NOT associated with impetigo? - CORRECT ANSWER: Streptococcus pyogenes Which type of skin cancer is the most common? - CORRECT ANSWER: basal cell carcinoma The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER: increases in sebaceous gland activity Spongy bone tissue - CORRECT ANSWER: contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae. What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone? - CORRECT ANSWER: Sharpey fibers Which type of bone appears porous? - CORRECT ANSWER: spongy bone
