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SOCI 205 Midterm (COHN) Exam with Complete Solutions, Exams of Advanced Education

SOCI 205 Midterm (COHN) Exam with Complete Solutions

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2024/2025

Available from 06/29/2025

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SOCI 205 Midterm (COHN) Exam with
Complete Solutions
"Agrarian Revolution: Social Movements and Export Agriculture in the Underdeveloped
World" - ANSWER-written by Jeffery Paige in 1975
wrote about the theory of rural class conflict between the actions of peasants,
sharecroppers, and agricultural laborers
"Becoming a World Saver: A Theory of Conversion to a Deviant Perspective" -
ANSWER-written by John Lofland and Rodney Stark in 1965
observed conversion in a small, millenarian religious cult area in Bay City (urban city in
the west coast)
found that for conversion a person must experience tensions that create some
disposition to act within a religious problem-solving perspective
"Competitive Spirits: Latin America's New Religious Economy" - ANSWER-written by
Andrew Chestnut in 2003
examined the elements of the success or failure of any religious organization competing
in an unregulated religious economy (Pentecostals success)
"Complex Organizations: A Critical Essay" - ANSWER-written by Charles Perrow in
1979
writes about the importance of bureaucracy and teaching the reader how to appreciate
them by showing what happens when bureaucracies are violated
"Evolutionary Universals in Society" - ANSWER-written by Talcott Pearsons
talks about Parson's theory about why society improves and social progress occurs and
believes systems contain AGIL w/o them the society will die off
"Great American University" - ANSWER-written by Jonathan Cole in 2009
believes knowledge is a source of social and economic advance which requires
students to be trained beyond their education
"Obedience to Authority" - ANSWER-written by Stanley Milgram in 1963
describes the experiment done by Milgram to test obedience. experiment consisted of a
"teacher" giving electric shocks to the "learner" each time the learner got a question
wrong. found that even though the teachers did not want to shock the learners, they
continued to do so because someone was telling them to. the teachers experienced
great deal of stress under this pressure.
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SOCI 205 Midterm (COHN) Exam with

Complete Solutions

"Agrarian Revolution: Social Movements and Export Agriculture in the Underdeveloped World" - ANSWER-written by Jeffery Paige in 1975 wrote about the theory of rural class conflict between the actions of peasants, sharecroppers, and agricultural laborers "Becoming a World Saver: A Theory of Conversion to a Deviant Perspective" - ANSWER-written by John Lofland and Rodney Stark in 1965 observed conversion in a small, millenarian religious cult area in Bay City (urban city in the west coast) found that for conversion a person must experience tensions that create some disposition to act within a religious problem-solving perspective "Competitive Spirits: Latin America's New Religious Economy" - ANSWER-written by Andrew Chestnut in 2003 examined the elements of the success or failure of any religious organization competing in an unregulated religious economy (Pentecostals success) "Complex Organizations: A Critical Essay" - ANSWER-written by Charles Perrow in 1979 writes about the importance of bureaucracy and teaching the reader how to appreciate them by showing what happens when bureaucracies are violated "Evolutionary Universals in Society" - ANSWER-written by Talcott Pearsons talks about Parson's theory about why society improves and social progress occurs and believes systems contain AGIL w/o them the society will die off "Great American University" - ANSWER-written by Jonathan Cole in 2009 believes knowledge is a source of social and economic advance which requires students to be trained beyond their education "Obedience to Authority" - ANSWER-written by Stanley Milgram in 1963 describes the experiment done by Milgram to test obedience. experiment consisted of a "teacher" giving electric shocks to the "learner" each time the learner got a question wrong. found that even though the teachers did not want to shock the learners, they continued to do so because someone was telling them to. the teachers experienced great deal of stress under this pressure.

"Rise of Christianity: A Sociologist Reconsiders History" - ANSWER-written by Rodney Stark in 1996 analyzes "revitalization movements" pagans were unable to confront the epidemic outbreaks socially or spiritually leading people to move towards christian social networks "Some Reasons Why Information Campaigns Fail" - ANSWER-written by Herbert Hyman & Paul Sheatsley in 1941 there are many physical barriers that interfere with the supply of information main ideas:

  1. there exists a chronic "know-nothing"
  2. interested people acquire the most information
  3. people seek information similar to their beliefs and attitudes
  4. people interpret same information differently
  5. information does not change attitudes "Strength of Weak Ties" - ANSWER-written by Mark Granovetter evidence shown that weak ties can reach a larger amount of people and travel greater distance among individuals in a shorter amount of time A- Adaptation (economy) society needs food, energy, raw materials G- Goal Attainment (government) having needs and how to get them I- Integration (conflict management) such as a punishment for conflicts between people L- Latent Pattern Maintenance (culture) values & wanting to be good - ANSWER-AGIL accumulation crisis - ANSWER-when the economy stops growing semipermanently an isolate - ANSWER-independent has little pressure to conform know how to identify and draw this social network anomie - ANSWER-the sense of not knowing what the rules are rapid change of income (+ or -) can cause this Durkheim came up with this term Asch - ANSWER-line matching experiment actors and test subjects were given a test of different lengths of lines to see who will conform to others giving the wrong answer study of conformity ascription - ANSWER-a status someone is given when they are born ex: white or Jewish

no one wants to do work and people are terrified of being different - ANSWER-why does conformity matter? opinion leader - ANSWER-an informed individual or local expert that people rely on for information paramilitary - ANSWER-private, not controlled by law, act like military particularism - ANSWER-when everyone is treated based on who they are creates integration problems bourgeoisie - ANSWER-someone who owns the means of production bureaucratic organization money universalistic norms democracy - ANSWER-Parson's four pillars that made Anglos the GREATEST cadet systems - ANSWER-when family members make up the branches of government form of nepotism capital - ANSWER-raw materials, tools, machinery capitalism - ANSWER-private ownership of the means of production who are not workers charismatic authority - ANSWER-having sincerity communism - ANSWER-temporary state between capitalism and socialism where the government seizes power in order to push socialism conjunctural - ANSWER-religious growth is considered to be... conjunctural theory - ANSWER-the theory that explains circumstances of moments, movements, and emotions of the individual a lot of religious growth ex: a person is sick because they got in a car crash and suffered from 3rd degree burns conquest of Rome by Victor Emmanuel 1870 - ANSWER-this event unified the economy of Italy steam boilers measured economic growth and industrialization suicide rates increased during economic boom (anomie) contradiction between the forces and relations of production - ANSWER-forces are what businesses need to be profitable for the short term & relation is what businesses need to be profitable in the long term

dense social network - ANSWER-everyone interacts with everyone very effective in producing conformity know how to identify and draw this social network dependance theory - ANSWER-rich countries get rich from exploiting poor countries deviant - ANSWER-being different from everyone differentiation - ANSWER-speciation on unique functions speciation increases skills and abilities Durkheim - ANSWER-invented scientific experimentation on human behavior believes that suicide comes from lack of external moral regulation of the individual Elihu Katz - ANSWER-researched and studied opinion leaders Ernst Troelsch - ANSWER-sect to church: minority religion that makes extreme demands and time on user, "cult" Erving Goffman - ANSWER-the fundamental importance of being normal believes people who are not normal are a "threat" ex: 1873 stock market crash - ANSWER-high suicide rates occurred during exact years and months of crises ex: wheat prices and Bavaria rye prices 1848- low prices = increased suicide - ANSWER-money kills NOT misery extraction of surplus value - ANSWER-process by which capitalist gets more money than the worker (reason why workers hate management) Festinger, Schachter, and Back - ANSWER-1950 tracked friendship formation among the couples in various apartment buildings few ties to majority and more ties to minority members - ANSWER-when do people tend to convert? free-rider - ANSWER-someone who uses public goods Freudian theory - ANSWER-people change religion when they are under unusually severe emotional or psychological stress an inadequate emotional response get to them first before someone else gets to them with a competing idea - ANSWER- what maximizes the chances to change someone's mind?

Lanneconne - ANSWER-studied strict religions conversion leads to very heavy time commitment with new religion networks and less time with old ones legitimation - ANSWER-someone's authority is expected as legitimate w/o this the system crumbles line matching experiment - ANSWER-experiment to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform Maddison - ANSWER-traced the GDP in the world GDP rises every decade Mancur Olson - ANSWER-developed the theory of free riders, public goods, and private goods marshland - ANSWER-a piece of land designated for it to flood; in cases like precipitation and hurricanes peasants - ANSWER-small rural cultivator who owns their own land conservatives own and control their means of production petty commodity producer - ANSWER-person who owns their own means of production AND does the work private good - ANSWER-a good where people only benefit from paying; rival and excludable proletariat - ANSWER-someone who sells their labor proselytization - ANSWER-to induce someone to convert to one's faith public good - ANSWER-a good where people get the benefits without having to pay anything; nonrival and nonexcludable reduce hydrocarbons - ANSWER-what is one way to decrease global warming? revitalization movements - ANSWER-the rise of new religions as a response to social crises Rioss Mont - ANSWER-1960s Guatemala thought that if you were a communist you were considered an indian---his job was to kill all indians---true indians didn't defend themselves while the communists did Ronald Burt - ANSWER-studied structural holes

believes there is social link between Group 1 and Group 2, but the groups don't have ties or connections between them be able to identify and draw this social network rural proletariat - ANSWER-small rural cultivator who does NOT own their own land radical Sherif - ANSWER-believes conceptions are based off of the autokinetic effect small businesses - ANSWER-who pays the majority of taxes in the U.S.? social class - ANSWER-based on ownership and control of the means of production social networks - ANSWER-a set of people interacting with each other social structures - ANSWER-business and organizations bigger than the individual socialism - ANSWER-no private property everything is commonly owned extremely rare sociology - ANSWER-the study of society and social structures sociometric star - ANSWER-massively influential creates the most conformity but is also the most conformed frequently the opinion leader know how to identify and draw this social network sparse social network - ANSWER-less conformity less communication know how to identify and draw this social network Stark & Finke - ANSWER-wrote "Churches of America" religions that grow proselytization Steven Stack - ANSWER-confirmed Durkheim's experiments structural theory - ANSWER-the theory that explains deep, permanent, eternal structures of society ex: a person is sick because they live by a dump and can't afford healthcare studied suffering of the working class in Manchester - ANSWER-Karl Marx empirical evidence example surplus value - ANSWER-difference between the sale value of the good and the worker