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SOCI 205 Exam 2 COHN with Complete Solutions, Exams of Advanced Education

American Public University System (APUS)Advanced Education

SOCI 205 Exam 2 COHN with Complete Solutions

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/29/2025

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SOCI 205 Exam 2 COHN with Complete
Solutions
3 ways of measuring crime - ANS-looking at published stats, self-report, victimization
study
Personal crime - ANS-crimes between or against a person
Predatory crimes - ANS-want something from the victim
introspective crime - ANS-crimes of passion
3 Lowest Crime Rate Countries - ANS-Switzerland, Singapore, Japan
Steven Pinker - ANS-"Better angels of our nature"
Anoime - ANS-Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social
control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
Marginalism - ANS-the idea that if a belief about a group of individuals is pushed in
society it will eventually led to these groups conforming to these beliefs. (Wolfgang and
Fercutei)
Detterence - ANS-the threat of punishment will deter someone from committing crime.
(Wagin, Paternoster)
Different Association Theory - ANS-people learn to become criminals from their
environment (SUTHERLAND)
Durkhiem Theory - ANS-crime is inevitable because everyone is socialized differently
therefore people don't share the same norms and there are many people with different
cultures/lifestyles in concentrated areas
Preventative Policy - ANS-prevent crimes by increasing police presence in high crime
areas. (Sheman)
Incapacitation - ANS-an approach to punishment that seeks to protect society from
criminals by imprisoning or executing them. (Winemat, Todd Clear)
concentrated disadvantage - ANS-economically impoverished, racially segregated
neighborhoods with high-crime rates. (sampson)
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SOCI 205 Exam 2 COHN with Complete

Solutions

3 ways of measuring crime - ANS-looking at published stats, self-report, victimization study Personal crime - ANS-crimes between or against a person Predatory crimes - ANS-want something from the victim introspective crime - ANS-crimes of passion 3 Lowest Crime Rate Countries - ANS-Switzerland, Singapore, Japan Steven Pinker - ANS-"Better angels of our nature" Anoime - ANS-Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. Marginalism - ANS-the idea that if a belief about a group of individuals is pushed in society it will eventually led to these groups conforming to these beliefs. (Wolfgang and Fercutei) Detterence - ANS-the threat of punishment will deter someone from committing crime. (Wagin, Paternoster) Different Association Theory - ANS-people learn to become criminals from their environment (SUTHERLAND) Durkhiem Theory - ANS-crime is inevitable because everyone is socialized differently therefore people don't share the same norms and there are many people with different cultures/lifestyles in concentrated areas Preventative Policy - ANS-prevent crimes by increasing police presence in high crime areas. (Sheman) Incapacitation - ANS-an approach to punishment that seeks to protect society from criminals by imprisoning or executing them. (Winemat, Todd Clear) concentrated disadvantage - ANS-economically impoverished, racially segregated neighborhoods with high-crime rates. (sampson)

Sampson and Laub - ANS-compared delinquent kids with normal kids and found that delinquency starts at a early age Clearance Rate - ANS-the percentage of crimes known to the police that they believe they have solved through an arrest; a statistic used to measure a police department's productivity Rochester Study - ANS-looked at kids that had opposite lives and found that kids with less money and education leads to more crime. Also found that joining a gang caused more crime Gun control - ANS-gun control doesn't impact homicide rates (Gary kleck) Troy Duster - ANS-found that teenagers with bad relationships with their parents commit more crimes. Factor that lead to crime in the US - ANS-bad welfare system informal social control - ANS-social control that is carried out casually by ordinary people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule formal social control - ANS-Social control that is carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers Are blacks or whites more likely to be victims of crime? - ANS-Blacks Are older or younger people more likely to be victims of crime? - ANS-younger Are women or men more likely to be a victim of crime? - ANS-men What percentage of crime is caused by non-strangers? - ANS-59% Bureaucracy - ANS-a component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency Weberian Bureaucracy - ANS-is based on maximizing efficiency because of this most employers, most govts, and most organizations use this Division of Labor - ANS-specialized experts perform specific tasks Pros of Division of Labor - ANS-produces efficiency in a large scale organization Cons of Division of Labor - ANS-produces trained incapacites, lack of cross training Hierarchy of Authority - ANS-each position is under supervision of a higher authority

Durkheim's Finding 7 - ANS-People in strict religions are less likely to kill themselves than those in loose tolerant religions. In the 19th century catholics were stricter than protestants and had lower suicide rates. Now with the rise of evangelical non- denominational bible based protestantism, Protestants are less likely to kill themselves than Catholics. Durkheim Findings 8 - ANS-Living in societies with laws that micromanage personal life lowers suicide rates, suicide rates were lower in countries that banned divorce Durkheim's Finding 9 - ANS-Suicide rates go down during elections, wars, and revolutions Republican Marxism - ANS-movement to shrink the state, but taxes, and smaller govt Paige Theory of Agrarian Revolution - ANS-land fights: religion has very little to do with this because land is life in the global south Big: Peasants - ANS-Small rural cultivator who owns his or her own land=conservative, apolitical Big: Rural Proletariat - ANS-Small rural cultivator who does own his or her own land=radical. Landlessness increases the likelihood of rural uprisings, no property to lose. Who has something to to lose? - ANS-Peasants have something to lose while rural proletariats have nothing to lose Social Network ties - ANS-Peasants are isolated while rural proletariats have strong social network ties Relationships with each other - ANS-Peasants compete with each other while rural proletariats cooperate with each other Landlessness increases the likelihood of rural uprisings - ANS-1a.) peasants have something to lose (harvest time) 1b.) rural proletariats have nothing to lose (own nothing, little property) 2a.) peasants are isolated 2b.) rural proletariats have strong social network links 3a.) peasants compete with each other 3b.) rural proletariats cooperate with each other Employment based on merit - ANS-hiring is based on merit rather than favoritism and performance is measured against specific standard. Ex. job application with resume, college transcript, and letter of recommendation

Innovations in employment based on merit - ANS-formal job application and interview with letters of recommendation, lead to modern accounting and auditing, accounting with elaborate duplicate record system to safeguard against embezzlement. Boston has __ major research universities - ANS- The research universities of Boston bring ___ dollars into local economy every year - ANS-7.4 million ______ trained graduates into the economy every year - ANS-32, ___ patents every year - ANS- ____ high tech commercial licenses every year. - ANS- Out of every __ start up firms in _______, were associated in some way with ____ universities - ANS-50, Massachusetts 25, 8 This is paid for with ___ billion in grants - ANS-1. I am in - ANS-hell Schools that started the University system - ANS-Divinity school based curriculum for the monasteries at Oxford and Cambridge Land Grant Institutions - ANS-every state has a big public state funded university that focuses on math, science, and reading Morril Act - ANS-required every state to set aside land for a university even if they already had a university, so many had to create a second university ex. TAMU President of University of Chicago and Harvard - ANS-Hutchins and Conant decided to hire the best faculty in the country, build science as well as traditional fields, and have traditional fields use scientific research models where every department must produce new knowledge Hutchins created the idea of... - ANS-disciplines, by hiring the best scholars for each one Rich boy status institutions - ANS-Stanford, MIT, and John Hopkins Vannevar Bush - ANS-the dean of engineering at MIT who worked with Washington DC to create the National Science Foundation to give the US the advantage in basic science that would be necessary to beat the Russians