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SERGEANT EXAM NFLST 2025 UPDATED
EXAM WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
14th ammendment - correct answer- due process of law Arrest - correct answer- intention, authority, custody Arrest warrant - correct answer- 1. Name of the state
- Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace officer of that state)
- Person who will be arrested
- Offense Committed
- Date, time, place of occurrence
- Name of victim
- Description of Offense Mapp v. Ohio - correct answer- Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court)
Search Warrant Exceptions - correct answer- Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle inventory, incident to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view Chimel v. California (1969) - correct answer- search is valid of a person and area under him immediate control form which he could produce a weapon or destroy evidence Carroll v. U.S. (1925) - correct answer- movable vehicle rule Arizona v. Gant (2009) - correct answer- can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe will find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger compartment. inductive reasoning - correct answer- factual and logical explanation of the crime deductive reasoning - correct answer- hypothesis neighborhood canvas - correct answer- helpful in about 20% of investigations
Crime scene patterns (patterns or techniques used to search an area after the boundary has been determined - correct answer- Spiral, Grid, Strip/line, Quadrant/ or Zone, Pie/wheel Digital photography (far/medium/close) - correct answer- Orientation - far, Relationship - medium, Identification - close, Comparison - close of evidence Class characteristics - correct answer- not completely original, like the print of a Nike shoe Individual characteristics - correct answer- fingerprints/footprints, etc. Residue prints - correct answer- prints left on a hard surface from a foot, shoe, or tire. Impressions - correct answer- prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow, etc.
Plastic prints - correct answer- prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty foods, caulking Patent/contaminated/visible - correct answer- fingers contaminated with an oily substance touch a clean surface Latent/invisible - correct answer- unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose them Forensic ondontology - correct answer- intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite mark analysis and identification. Signature - correct answer- The striations on a bullet after passing through the bore of the barrel of a rifle or pistol Touch DNA - correct answer- small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin shavings after touching something. Handwriting samples - correct answer- 15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects
outweighs long term (being released on bail and getting high vs. having to go to prison later) Free and voluntary rule - correct answer- can't beat a suspect into a confession, or threaten violence McNabb v. United States - correct answer- Must not be "unnecessary delay" in the production of the suspect before a magistrate. Confession was gained during this delay, and the subsequent confession was inadmissible despite it being given freely and voluntarily. From this case came the "delay in arraignment" rule. Berghuis v. Thomkins - correct answer- 5th amendment case involving Miranda v. Arizona. Suspect was advised of rights, didn't sign the form, but agreed to speak with detectives. Confession given, and was later admissible by Supreme Court. Algor mortis - correct answer- body cooling - inaccurate way of determining time of death Ocular change - correct answer- cornea becomes cloudy within 2 hours of less if eyes are open
Ocular change (closed) - correct answer- if eyes closed, 12- 24 hours, 3rd postmortem day, eyes become opaque Rigor mortis - correct answer- rigidity occurs within 1-3 hours. Complete rigor in 10-15 hours after jaw and knee locked. After 24 - 36 hours the muscles begin to relax in the same order they stiffened. Livor mortis - correct answer- pooling of blood inside the skin, can look like bruising, evident within 30 minutes to 2 hours, "fixed" after 8-12 hours, Before it being fixed, the livor mortis may move around the body. Decomposition - correct answer- A body decomposing above ground for a week looks similar to a body that has been under water for 2 weeks or has been buried for six weeks. Forensic entomologist - correct answer- test bugs on Entrance wound - correct answer- sinks temporarily then regains elasticity
Battered child syndrome - correct answer- Physical abuse to children. Most common weapons are belts and electric chords. Burn injuries - correct answer- make up 10% of child abuse. Infants commonly burned by water for not responding to toilet training. Scald burns - correct answer- most common deliberate type of burn, and are caused by heating a liquid and immersing the child in the liquid. Also called immersion burns. Immersion burns - correct answer- the depth of the burn is uniform and there are "water lines" and possible bruising on the child where they were held into the liquid Sparing - correct answer- describing what a child does when their hand is forcibly inserted into a burning liquid. They will close their hand to "spare" the inside of the palm. Spill/splash injuries - correct answer- hot liquid falls onto child
Contact burns - correct answer- something hot held against the skin. Cigarette and electric steam iron burns are the most common. Branding burns - correct answer- Much deeper than an accidental collision with the hot object. SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) - correct answer- Most common in infants 1 week to 1 year - leading cause of death in this age range Smothering children - correct answer- the 2nd most likely methodology in child homicides Suspect is a stranger in a child death - correct answer- 16% of child deaths attributed to strangers Blunt force trauma - correct answer- Normally blamed as "fell out of bed" or off their bike or down the stairs if victim is a child
Real evidence - correct answer- the gun, the knife, etc. Demonstrative - correct answer- maps, diagrams, sketches, photographs, etc Circumstantial - correct answer- infers from a series of known facts the existence of an unknown fact Corpus delicti - correct answer- Prosecution must show that a crime occurred, CD is all the elements of the crime Judicial notice - correct answer- when something is not disputed as a fact in a trial H U - TACK - correct answer- human - tactical - affective - conceptual - knowledge Time a Supervisor Spends Solving Conflict - correct answer- 73% of the time
Traits of a Good Supervisor - correct answer- commitment, independence, mutual trust, optimism, and equality Most important task of a supervisor in regard to communication
- correct answer- providing feedback to subordinates regarding their job performance. one-way communication - correct answer- does not allow criticism from subordinates, good for when compliance is imperative, Speed is important two way communication - correct answer- improves accuracy allows the recipient to ask questions about the message and provides greater understanding to the recipient. Possible downfall is the sharing of authority and responsibility. Ways to overcome challenges in communication - correct answer- face-to-face communication, show concern for welfare and create a relationship, atmosphere of mutual trust and involved subordinates in decision-making.
Equity theory - correct answer- All employees feel like they should be treated equally How to motivate - correct answer- Positive reinforcement, Issue consequences, but not all the time, Be consistent and continuous, Praise the positive, Be constructive Trust - correct answer- A byproduct of integrity and ethical conduct that will build a cooperative working environment 3 Ways a leader can affect subordinates - correct answer- Consultative, Directive, Participative Traditional Supervisory Style - correct answer- Task oriented, Expect quantitative date from officers, Give specific, instructions and takes over calls, Punishment and control prevails Supportive Supervisory Style - correct answer- Praise, counsel, not concerned as much about rules/regs/paperwork, Protector rather than supporter
Innovative Supervisory Style - correct answer- Encouraging, Progressive, Delegates decision making, Work with public Active Supervisory Style - correct answer- Lead by example Social roles within a group - correct answer- Enforcer, Scapegoat, Devil's advocate, Leader, Follower, Facilitator Horizontal clique - correct answer- Normally made up of supervisors that become defensive over new policies that affect patrol function Random clique - correct answer- No real reason for them to congregate other than friendship Vertical clique - correct answer- Normally between first line supervisor and subordinates
Evaluation process - correct answer- Assessment, Evaluation interview, Remediation Methods of Evaluation/Appraisal - correct answer- Graphic rating scale - what we use, Critical incident - supervisor uses criteria from critical incidents and then looks at the ones the officer has been involved in and rates their performance, Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (graphic scale from critical incidents), Paired Comparison (compare employee to the one considered the best) Leniency - correct answer- some supervisors avoid negative reviews to mask their own pitfalls, or to balance out what they think are unjust accusations made by other supervisors Central Tendency - correct answer- when supervisors lack employee data, safest thing to do is put them in the middle or "average" category - penalizes competent, awards less than satisfactory Halo effect - correct answer- allows one criterion to affect the overall rating of the employee
Bias - correct answer- supervisors award employees they like, or are compatible with Contrast - correct answer- emotion based evaluation based on what the supervisor likes, not what the employee is doing Recency - correct answer- too focused on recent behavior of employee Remediation - correct answer- Could be retraining, disciplinary action, or separation/termination 42 USC 1983 - correct answer- Federal law holding law enforcement accountable to upholding citizen's rights, and allows civil suits to be filed to punish officers/agencies for violations Counseling styles - correct answer- Directive - easiest way to approach in the moment, easily corrected behavior, and
