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SCMG Test Bank Final Quiz 7-
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............, ................, and ............. Are the three main components of an optimization model. a. Decision variables, Objective function, feasible solution b. Decision variables, feasible solution, constraints c. Decision variables, objective function, constraints d. Objective function, constraints, optimal solution - ANSc. Decision variables, objective function, constraints •Heijunka - "Production Leveling" - ANShelps in distributing production evenly over time, avoiding peaks and troughs that can occur with large batches 1)What is the process of examining data to find patterns and gain insights known as? A) Data Encryption B) Analytics C) Data Entry D) Programming - ANSB) Analytics
- In the Supply Chain in the News article discussed in class, the research found a link between _________ risk in a company's supply chain and that company's future stock returns. - ANSESG- Environmental, social, and corporate governance
- LTL Trucking companies provide service to A) shippers who tender shipments lower than the minimum truckload quantities. B) shippers who tender sufficient volume to meet the minimum weights required for a truckload shipment. C) shippers who tender shipments ranging from 1-100 lbs. D) shipper who utilize intercoastal water transportation exclusively. - ANSA) shippers who tender shipments lower than the minimum truckload quantities. 8 lean manufacturing mudas - ANSD- defects O- overproduction W- waiting N- non-utilized potential T- transport I- inventory M- motion E- extra processing
- An advantage of Rail versus the other modes of freight transportation is...
A) Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. B) Managing the environment to reduce global warming and waste C) Reducing cost and improving profit D) Providing customers with ethically produced products - ANSA) Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Air - ANSLeast utilized, 1% of intercity ton miles Fastest of all the modes Most products air-shipped have high value, high priority, or extreme "perishability" Medium fixed costs: Main expense is aircraft Do need specialized handling systems Airways and airports maintained by government Very high variable costs: Fuel Labor costs for in-flight and ground crews Algebraic model - ANSCost accounting indicates that the cost to make a product is $ Marketing believes that the relationship between demand and price is as follows: Demand = 800 - 5*Price
Profits = (800-5Price)(Price-$40) = 800Price - $32,000 - 5Price^2 +200Price = -5Price^2 + 1,000Price - $32, Maximize -5Price^2 + 1,000Price - $32, Subject to Price >= 0 Andon signal - ANSA visual signal to indicate an abnormal condition. Often, it is a light that switches to green, yellow, or red, depending on situation used to stop production Based on the information provided in the video, how much water does one glass of beer consume? A) One glass of beer consumes 140 liters of water. B) One glass of beer consumes 75 liters of water. C) One glass of beer consumes 10 liters of water. D) One glass of beer consumes 200 liters of water. - ANSB) One glass of beer consumes 75 liters of water. Classification of logistics providers - ANS•1PL: Business that handles all its own logistics in-house •2PL: Provides only shipping and transportation •3PL: Provides inbound and outbound transportation and warehousing
B) Beta C) Gamma - ANSA) Alpha Constraints - ANSNumber of pounds of steel consumed in production plan can't exceed number available ("Less-than constraint") Number of nurses scheduled must be at least as many as number needed ("Greater-than constraint") Inventory on hand plus production, minus orders filled equals final inventory ("Equal-to constraint") Data analysis and visualization - ANS-Using charts, graphs, and dashboards to present complex data in a visually appealing and easy-to- understand format -Developing a model of the current system for analysis -Excel, Access, Tableau Design and Optimization - ANS-Mathematical tools used to find the best solutions to problems by considering various constraints, variables, and objectives -Excel Solver Features of Lean/TPS Organizations - ANS1. Employee empowerment (reduce waste in human potential, which enables reducing all wastes!)
- Reduced "Hidden Factory"
(reduce overhead)
- Small batch production (reduce overproduction, waiting, and defects; increase agility)
- Reduced setup times (reduce waiting; increase agility)
- Pull-type production system (reduce overproduction, inventory, and defects)
- Mixed-model production (reduce waiting, overproduction, inventory)
- Cross-functional teams (improved decision-making and ability to reduce all wastes)
- Total productive maintenance (TPM) and process reliability (reduce waiting, defects, inventory)
- Workplace organization, Visual management, and Standard work (reduce overproduction, inventory, waiting, process, motion, defects)
- Jidoka: No mistakes or defects allowed to proceed in a process (reduce defects, processing, inventory)
- Supplier partnerships
How did "Frito Lay" reduce its carbon footprint? A) Used different mode of transportation. B) Changed packaging to eco-friendly packaging. C) Started buying potatoes from local farmers. D) Changed the specifications of buying potatoes to require less humidity in the potatoes. - ANSD) Changed the specifications of buying potatoes to require less humidity in the potatoes. How does a circular economy differ from a linear economy in supply chain sustainability? A) A circular economy maximizes resource extraction, while a linear economy focuses on resource conservation. B) A circular economy promotes continuous resource use, while a linear economy follows a "take-make-dispose" approach. C) A circular economy disregards the environmental impacts of products, while a linear economy emphasizes social aspects. D) A circular economy solely relies on new raw materials, while a linear economy prioritizes recycling. - ANSB) A circular economy promotes continuous resource use, while a linear economy follows a "take-make- dispose" approach. How does BASF utilize digital twin technology in its Ludwigshafen facility? (chapter 18) A. BASF uses digital twins only for visualizing the facility layout without any operational integration.
B. They employ a Verbund simulator, a digital mirror of the physical plant, for production planning, capacity adjustments, new investments, and managing disruptions. C. BASF uses digital twin technology exclusively for employee training and safety drills. D. The technology is used by BASF to replace physical production with virtual production. - ANSB. They employ a Verbund simulator, a digital mirror of the physical plant, for production planning, capacity adjustments, new investments, and managing disruptions. How does implementing small batch production in Lean methodology typically benefit a manufacturing process? A) It significantly increases the variety of products available to customers. B) It leads to a reduction in lead time and improvement in product quality. C) It allows for the employment of more workers to increase production. D) It focuses on minimizing the utilization of machinery and equipment. - ANSB) It leads to a reduction in lead time and improvement in product quality. How does the circular economy concept contribute to reducing waste in supply chains? A) By encouraging disposable product designs B) By maximizing single-use plastic packaging. C) By promoting resource recovery, recycling, and reusing materials. D) By prioritizing rapid product turnover. - ANSC) By promoting resource recovery, recycling, and reusing materials.
In the context of supply chain management, what are the key challenges faced by companies due to the growing complexity and rapid changes in the environment? (chapter 11) A.The main challenge is to maintain a stable supply chain unaffected by external factors like geopolitical changes or societal trends. B.The focus is primarily on internal organizational efficiency, with minimal impact from external market dynamics. C.Companies face challenges in adapting to customers' predictable ordering patterns and navigating stable geopolitical landscapes. D.Companies must manage unpredictable customer order patterns and address issues such as geopolitical shifts, disruptive events, societal demands, cost pressures, and variable demand. - ANSD.Companies must manage unpredictable customer order patterns and address issues such as geopolitical shifts, disruptive events, societal demands, cost pressures, and variable demand. In the Supply Chain in the News article discussed in class, the process of pumping liquefied carbon gas into the ground to reduce atmospheric carbon levels and mitigate climate change is known as ___________. - ANSCarbon Capture and Sequestration | CCUS In the supply chain news article discussed in class, it was stated that a recent study found that 73% of consumers believe that more parcels are going missing, indicating a rise in___________ , a problem that the new UPS solution aims to address. - ANSporch piracy/parcel theft
In the supply chain news article discussed in class, when production came to a screeching halt at 14 Toyota assembly plants, it highlighted a significant issue with the ___________ principle, which is a cornerstone of the Toyota Production System (TPS). - ANSJust in Time/JIT Intercoastal Carriers provide service... A) between ports on Atlantic and Pacific Oceans via Panama Canal B) between ports of five Great Lakes C) with Barges & towboats on principal U.S. rivers D) All of the Above - ANSA) between ports on Atlantic and Pacific Oceans via Panama Canal Intermodal - ANScombination of transportation modes Lean - ANSLean is a set of management practices to improve efficiency and effectiveness by eliminating waste. The core principle is to reduce and eliminate non-value adding activities and waste. Often referred to as the Toyota Production System (TPS) Lean production originated at A) Ford B) General Motors C) General Foods
-Linear programs are super easy -Non-linear programs are super hard Magic Conveyor Belt - ANS model - ANS•A model is a simplified representation of a situation or problem •Organizations use models to develop a better understanding of a practical situation •In general, a model takes inputs and then produces predicted outputs Pipeline - ANSHighest fixed cost and lowest variable cost of all modes Unique transportation mode •Can always operate, No emissions Products hauled: -Oil and oil products -Natural gas -Coal and coal products -Chemicals Pokayoke - ANSMistake-proofing, error-proofing (eliminate opportunities for mistakes)
Pull Production (Toyota calls this Kanban) - ANS• Worker at Station 2 produces only enough to meet demand. Withdraws necessary material from Station 1 as needed.
- Worker at Station 1 produces whatever is needed to satisfy demand from Station 2. •All pull systems work like this. Pull-replenishment - ANS•In between the stations in a process is small a "buffer" stock. •The amount in the buffer stock is enough to satisfy demand from worker at Station 2, uninterrupted. •"Signal to start" = ROP (reorder level) in buffer •Signals move downstream to upstream, the reverse of a push process Push production - ANS•Worker at Station 1 produces according to a schedule: pushes work to Station 2. (Schedules created by MRP system.)
- Worker at Station 2 also has a schedule. Schedule is often invalid or obsolete because Station 1 is behind schedule or Station 2 is busy processing other work; also, the schedule ignores "interruptions" Quality can be considered/measured on eight attributes - ANS-Accuracy -Accessibility -Relevancy -Timeliness (Latency) -Transferability -Usability
Service Components of freight transportation - ANSTransit time: Quoted time from pickup of goods to destination -6 days by rail from Chicago to Long Beach -3 days by truck from Chicago to Long Beach Reliability: Consistency of transit times -Sometimes it is 3 days by truck from Chicago to Long Beach -Sometimes it is 4 days... Accessibility: Ability of a carrier to move freight between a specific origin and destination Capability: Ability of a carrier to move specific kinds of freight/meet specific requirements Security: Safety of goods in transit setup/changeover - ANSPreparing the process to do something different (like make a different product) Single Piece Flow - ANSBatch size of one Ideally, everything in a lean process is produced one piece at a time Some of the solutions to achieve a sustainable supply chain are:
A) Redesign the supply chain, measure and map, and implement a supply chain governance. B) Measure GHG emissions in areas directly under the company's control. C) Outsource higher GHG emissions functions such as transportation. D) All the above - ANSA) Redesign the supply chain, measure and map, and implement a supply chain governance. Standard work implies that A) Standards exist about products and processes, and everyone is expected to conform to them. B) Each worker has his/her own way of doing things. C) Workers execute tasks based on the instructions of their manager or supervisor. D) Workers are expected to perform tasks to the best of their individual abilities. - ANSA) Standards exist about products and processes, and everyone is expected to conform to them. Sustainable Supply Chain: Logistics and Distribution - ANS1.Efficient Transportation: -Consolidates shipments, optimizes routes, and encourages the use of eco- friendly modes (rail, sea, etc.). -Selecting a mode of transportation to reduce GHG emissions. 2.Smart Warehousing: -Implements technologies for inventory management and space optimization which minimizes waste.
