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ABSTRACT
This research addresses the study and development of an online selam Bus Ticketing System web portal to enable users, both the bus operators and the customers to make an online bus ticket sale/ purchase and act as an operation tool for bus operators to operate their organization effectively. Traditionally, bus ticket purchase has been over the counter in bus terminals, however, today it has evolved with the rapid expansion of e-commerce. Thus, prior to developing the system, a this research critically assess and study the reason behind the evolution and the current e-ticketing systems. This research also addresses the problems faced by customers and bus operators especially on illegal bus operators, long wait to purchase a bus ticket, unsafe environment and many more. The research studies some issues on recommendations on how Online Bus Ticketing System web portal can take place effectively. This research also recommends a Decision Support System to deal with the customer’s requirement where by it provides reliable choices to a customer to make decision. This research includes the development of a prototype Online Bus Ticketing System web portal to support the research objective. This web portal will assist in future development that would support a fully integrated system that links bus operators to customers, bus operators to bus operators, bus operators to other mode of transport providers, bus operator to businesses and bus operators to government agencies.
1. INTRODUCTION
This chapter aims to describe the background, statement of problem, objectives, scopes, research significance and expected output of the system. The system is Bus Ticket Reservation System. This is the research on the online ticketing system of Selam bus company, which in most cases; the company has problems with their ticketing and scheduling process. This research intends to computerize its semi- computerized ticketing system to provide better customer service. Because of that, the company can provide the easier way of travelling to the customer or passenger. Bus Ticket Reservation System enables the bus company's customer to buy bus ticket online. It is the easier and quickest way to take bus. Currently, staff at the bus ticket counter is using an internal system to sell ticket at the counter. Customer is unable to buy bus ticket online at this moment and has to go to the counter to buy bus ticket. Sometimes, customer needs to queue up a long queue to buy bus ticket and ask for information. This brings a lot of inconvenience to the customers Bus Ticket Reservation System enables the customer to buy bus ticket, make payment, and ask for information online easily. The research includes the background of the company and also the systems performed are described. .
1.1 BACKGROUND
Selam Bus Line Share Company was established in 1996 by Tigray Development Association (TDA) to address the nation-wide need for public transportation. The company launched operating reliable bus transport services with a fleet of 25 IVECO maxi-buses with initial capital of 13. million birr. Selam Bus Line Share Company was legally constituted on Tir 29, 1987 E.C with Registration No. 0014/87. Our company buses are luxurious tourist buses with a capacity of 51 seats which are equipped with Air conditioner, fridge, monitor, & safety belt so that passengers are entertained by DVD/VCD music/film, Cake & soft drink or plastic packed water/Juice while travelling. At present the company is rendering service from Addis to Diredawa, Harrer, Jijiga, jimma, Bahirdar, Gondor, Dessie&Mekelle, Shire, Assosa, Arbaminch and Moyale on daily basis. The head quarter, bus terminal and garage of Selam Bus has been established in Addis Ababa with branch offices in all regional capitals. Buses departing from Addis Ababa to all the regional capitals providing all necessary information and entertainment services to the satisfaction of the passengers are expected to serve as the ambassadors of the region.
The existing system is very time consuming and inefficient to the customer. This system is more prone to errors and sometimes the approach to various problems is unstructured. Some of the major problems are:- Inconsistent data and poor time management. Requires stationary materials and also the system are slow. Inefficient to their customer. It takes a lot of time and cause many errors. To solve the above problem, the reservation system has helps the customer to enquire in order to get the latest update on schedule, the availability of ticket in a particular bus at particular date, helps him to reserve a ticket and cancel a reserved ticket.
4.Motivation
The recent government interest in the selam bus way sector, which is the cheapest means of transport and would convey the bulk or large percentage of the population when fully utilized is the fore motivation of this project and of interest is the urge to solve the problem faced by the process of the system.
5. Hypotheses/ Question
The Study Hypothesis: This study initially hypothesized certain factors that would influence ridership along with changes in the fare structure. This hypothetical structure of the model was initially defined for use to solicit data. However, while the eventual model that was used in this study was modified to account for data limitations, the original hypothetical structure is presented here for purpose of context. As the questions about this research are:
- What the effective mechanism for handle the complaint from the passenger of Selam Bus way?
- What kind of service standards that can be recommended to Selam Bus Company in order to improve the service of Selam Bus way?
6. Conceptual framework
Transportation is a major component in the system of life and the life, the government system, and social system. The government conducted a public transport means that the government make policy for the procurement of transport is seen from a technical, sociological and political, such as the procurement of land, spatial and capital. This continues on the interaction government with the capital strength. To build a sustainable public transport system need of revitalization in all aspects related to public transport. Government plays an important role in the process of planning and implementation of public transport policy. Various policies that
affect the transportation problems should be harmonized, so that can be run over, Reliability of transportation as a public service to be reviewed from the aspect of social justice should be focused on the development of public transport that is convenient, safe and cheap in order to optimize the accessibility of society. Inside is this is including the development of public transport that is integrated between each other and with the other modes. As a sector that serves many people, the type of public transport vehicles must be operated in compliance with the road hierarchy, capacity, and transportation demand that it served. The creation of a reliable public transport as one of the form of increased public services in the transportation sector and it is believed to decrease the number of private vehicle use. This in turn will provide benefits in addition to the economy - because of reduced congestion, waste fuel and time losses - also provide benefits in terms of public health and the environment. The travelling public has demands for transport. It is expected to be convenient, efficient, affordable and of high quality. Selam Bus transport in most parts of the world at this time is not on the desire to encourage good services. Selam Bus services are n o t often reliable , comfortable, and dangerous. Selam Bus services play a major role in the provision of public transport. These services can take many forms, varying in distance covered or types of vehicle used, and can operate with fixed or flexible routes and schedules In a broad term given to a variety of transportation system, through improvements to infrastructure, vehicles and scheduling, attempt to use buses to provide a service that is of a higher quality than an ordinary bus line, many countries start to implement the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. BRT can provide high-quality transportation services. BRT systems are designed around the consumer-based needs of speed, comfort, convenience, cost and safety rather than around a specific technology. In fact, BRT is really just a collection of best practice traits from a range of mass transit options
7. OBJECTIVE
7.1 General Objective
To online ticket reservation system for Selam Bus Line Share Company (Selam Bus Line S.C).to replace manual system
9.2 Limitation of the research
The limitations of new system that can’t perform in our project are the following:- The passengers can reserve ticket only if the internet connection is available Email subscription. Maintenance system. Admin cannot change the password
Machine/man recognition method 10.Research Methodology The main purpose of research methodology is to extract the benefits and problems of Online Bus Ticketing Systems in selam bus company. The following will further explore on research methodology that is used to complete the research. Various methods can be adopted to gather information from a variety of sources such as sampling, research and site visits, observation of the work environment, questionnaires, interviews, prototyping and joint requirements planning. Not all the fact-finding methods are suitable to adopt. The methods are selected based on the research purpose. The procedure that had been followed to accomplish the project’s objective by first identifying the purpose of the dissertation and further moving into depth where the purpose, obstacles, benefits, suggestion and recommendation on Online Bus Ticketing System implementation in selam bus will be discovered. 84
10.1 Fact Finding The fact-finding methods that have been selected for this research project consists of, observation, interview and questionnaires. Once information is gathered a prototype is developed as to support the findings. Development of the prototype web portal of Online Bus Ticketing System is developed to support the objectives of the research. The following will be the research methodologies discussed in detail. 10.1.1Primary and Secondary Data The taking of the data that was carried out in an Electronic manner followed the rules and the rule in accordance with the research traditionally. The difference of the subject was means and the delivery method to the respondent as well as the method got the respondent. Taking means of the data were carried out by using the computer that was connected with the Internet, the taking method of the data by using the email and/or web site and the method of getting the respondent was based on the address of the Internet of the user's email. The primary data had the understanding that the data or this information was received from the first source that technically in the research was acknowledged as the respondent. The primary data could take the form of the data that was quantitative and qualitative. The main difference in the search for the primary data that was taken in an Electronic manner was the primary data in the Internet was unlimited by geographical factors as the primary data that was taken directly in field work. Interviews, especially open interviews, are helpful for holistic understanding. They allow insight in aspects of the research object that were not been thought of beforehand. Open interviews enable to find out about intentions and opinions of a single person and its interpretations of problem aspects.
The interview is divided into open and closed-ended questions so that sufficient information can be gathered. 10.4 Questionnaire The next method is to conduct a survey through questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to bus operators that are using the Online Bus Ticketing System applications to perform their daily task and also to the customers who uses these existing online ticketing services to perform a bus ticket purchase.
10.5 Qualitative Research Approach
This research is using qualitative research as the base of methodological discussion. Qualitative research is designed to explore the human elements of a given topic, while specific qualitative methods examine how individuals see and experience the world. Qualitative approaches are Typically used to explore new phenomena and to capture individuals’ thoughts, feelings, or interpretations of meaning and process. Such methods are central to research conducted in education, nursing, sociology, anthropology, information studies, and other disciplines in the humanities, social sciences, and health sciences. Qualitative research projects are informed by a wide range of methodologies and theoretical frameworks. Qualitative research can use interviews, focus groups or observations. The interview is a conversation between the researcher and the respondent and can be used when the opinion of the single individual is of interest. The interview is useful because the researcher can ask attendant questions to gain a deeper understanding. The focus group is much like an interview and at the same time a guided group discussion. In this situation the researcher acts more as a chairman than an interviewer, moderating the discussion instead of just asking questions. Observations are basically a method to investigate how people behave, not what they say or how they perceive a phenomenon. The qualitative research involved the use and the collection of various empirical materials, like the case study, the personal experience, the biography, the interview, observation, the text of the history, interaction and visual:. In this qualitative research, use some theoretical to support
contribution for this research.. In this service quality model, it can be found the service gap between the transport provider and the operator with the customer or passenger. Where from the customer complaint which still exist that will be assume if the service is not in the good quality. One significant part to sustain a good relationship to the customer and secure a favorable service experience is to understand the dynamic mechanisms in the relationship. Consequently, it is necessary to get a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms when the customer has experienced a negative impression and subsequently have entered the complaint process. Base on that reason so the efficient operation of a public transport such as bus system requires the existence of a frame work within this operation is continuously monitored, evaluated and adjusted. This will also represent the extent to which product or services to meet the standards of quality public services that apply. 10.2.1. Primary and Secondary Data The taking of the data that was carried out in an Electronic manner followed the rules and the rule in accordance with the research traditionally. The difference of the subject was means and the delivery method to the respondent as well as the method got the respondent. Taking means of the data were carried out by using the computer that was connected with the Internet, the taking method of the data by using the email and/or web site and the method of getting the respondent was based on the address of the Internet of the user's email. The primary data had the understanding that the data or this information was received from the first source that technically in the research was acknowledged as the respondent. The primary data could take the form of the data that was quantitative and qualitative. The main difference in the search for the primary data that was taken in an Electronic manner was the primary data in the Internet was unlimited by geographical factors as the primary data that was taken directly in field work. Interviews, especially open interviews, are helpful for holistic understanding. They allow insight in aspects of the research object that were not been thought of beforehand. Open interviews enable to find out about intentions and opinions of a single person and its interpretations of problem aspects. 10.2.2. Data Analysis The analysis of the recorded interview requires organized and structured working. The interviews were listened to many times to find complementary, comparable or contrasting sequences. Those sequences were translated to work as an illustration and to get a holistic view
11. work plan
n o Tasks November December January February March -June June
June Week 1 Week 2 Wek 1 Wek 2 Wek 1 Wek 2 Wek 1 Wek 2 1 Proposal preparation 2 Requirement analysis 3 Description of existing system 4 Description of proposed system 5 System design 6 Defense phase one 7 8 Defense phase two
12. Budget
No Material Amount Price per Unit Total price 1 A4 size paper 2 Dozen 100Birr 200 Birr 2 Pen 2 10 Birr 20 Birr 3 Flash disk 1 250 Birr 250 Birr 4 For Print 100sheet 3 Birr 300 Birr 5 CD 2 8 Birr 16 Birr 6 Computer 1 Free free 7 Mobile card 200 200 8 Transport 100 100 Total 1,086 Birr
4.1. Recommendation for Future Research
The suggestion that could be given for the future research is related to the process of collecting data selam bus company passengers complaint that not only come from the internet media that is official website and mailing list of the selam bus user, but could be carried out through direct interview with asking questionnaire about the perceptions and expectations of passengers towards the service of selam bus and what have they felt when using these services. Thus the process of data collection of passenger complaint could be more to received and not just limited to the passengers who could access the media of complaint that provided by selam bus, but passengers outside this group that the amount was bigger could be received their perception towards the service of selam bus.
