Download Renal Physiology Practice MCQ's and more Study notes Nationality law in PDF only on Docsity!
Renal Physiology and
Pharmacokinetics: Practice MCQs
Renal Physiology Practice MCQ's
1. Fundamental Pathways of Drug Movement and
Modification
The four fundamental pathways of drug movement and modification in the body are: A. Distribution B. Metabolism C. Absorption E. Elimination
The correct answer is D. Dissolution, as it is not one of the four fundamental pathways.
2. Passive Diffusion
The correct statement regarding the process of passive diffusion is: B. It occurs when a concentration gradient exists from one side of a membrane to the other.
Passive diffusion does not require a carrier protein molecule, is not a saturable process, and is not limited to antibiotics.
3. Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
The following factors have the potential to affect the absorption of an orally administered drug: A. Reduction in blood flow to the intestines B. Increased GI transit time C. Extremely low levels of stomach acid D. Eating a large meal just prior to taking an oral medication
Therefore, the correct answer is E. All of the above.
4. Drug Binding to Plasma Proteins
The incorrect statement is: D. Only a drug that is protein bound can penetrate tissues.
The other statements are correct: A. Most drugs reversibly bind to plasma proteins. B. Albumin is the most important drug binding plasma protein. C. Low albumin levels can lead to drug toxicity in the case of drugs that are highly protein bound.
5. Factors Affecting Drug Elimination
Elimination of drugs from the body is dependent on the following: A. Biotransformation in the liver B. Filtration or secretion in the kidney C. Sufficient blood flow to the liver and kidneys
Therefore, the correct answer is D. Only a and b.
6. Autoregulation of Glomerular Pressure
The important factors for the autoregulation of glomerular pressure are: B. Macula Densa D. Renal artery diameter
The other options (A. Erythropoietin, C. ADH, and E. None of the above) are not directly involved in the autoregulation of glomerular pressure.
7. Phagocytic White Blood Cells
The white blood cell capable of phagocytosis is: C. Neutrophil
Basophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils are not primarily phagocytic cells.
8. Erythropoietin Production
Erythropoietin, the hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow, is produced in the: B. Kidney
The spleen, liver, thyroid, and bone marrow are not the primary sites of erythropoietin production.
9. Vasodilator Factors
The factor that acts as a vasodilator is: E. Nitric oxide
Parathyroid hormone (A), angiotensin II (B), and ADH (C) are vasoconstrictors, while endothelin (D) is a vasoconstrictor.
10. Tubular Transport Maximum
The correct statements regarding the maximal amount that can be transported per unit time by the kidney tubules for substances that are actively reabsorbed are: A. It depends on the maximum rate at which the transport mechanism itself operates. C. It is termed the tubular transport maximum.
11. Renal Threshold
The plasma concentration at which a particular substance begins to appear in the urine is the: D. Renal threshold
This is not the same as the transport maximum (Tm), fractional excretion, filtered load, or titration point.
12. Fractional Excretion
The plasma concentration at which a particular substance begins to appear in the urine is the: B. Fractional excretion
It will not inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors (B, D) or cause no change in ADH secretion (E).
19. Renal Physiology Concepts
The correct statements are: A. Filtration fraction equals glomerular filtration rate divided by renal plasma flow. C. Clearance ratio equals renal clearance of one substance divided by the clearance of another substance.
Statement B regarding tubular maximum secretion is incorrect, and statement D about effective renal plasma flow is not accurate.
20. The Renal Countercurrent Mechanism
The renal countercurrent mechanism is dependent upon the anatomic relationship between: C. The loop of Henle and the vasa recta.
It is not dependent on the relationship between the distal tubule and macula densa (A), the loop of Henle and macula densa (B), the glomerulus and afferent/efferent arterioles (D), or the glomerulus and proximal tubule (E).
21-25. True/False Statements
False - Enzymes facilitate chemical transformation reactions in drug metabolism. True - After oral administration, drugs pass through the liver before reaching the circulation, with the potential for significantly reducing the amount of drug to reach the site of action. False - Body weight is more important than age when determining the appropriate dose of a drug because a 6-month-old is not just a smaller version of a 16-year-old child. True - Before a tablet can be absorbed through the GI tract, it must dissolve. False - Half-life is defined as the time it takes for the serum concentration of a drug to drop to 50% of its original value, not 0.
