GLOMERULAR
FUNCTIONS
2018
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Understanding Glomerular Functions and Filtration in the Nephron, Slides of Physiology
An in-depth exploration of the glomerular functions and filtration processes in the nephron. It covers the structure of the glomerulus, the different types of nephrons, urine formation, and the mechanisms behind glomerular filtration. Key topics include the glomerular membrane, filtration barrier, and the role of physical forces in filtration.
What you will learn
- What is the structure of the glomerulus and its functional components?
- How does urine formation occur in the nephron?
- What happens in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and how does it affect the glomerulus?
- What are the three physical forces involved in glomerular filtration?
- How does the glomerular membrane function as a filtration barrier?
Typology: Slides
2017/2018
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GLOMERULAR
FUNCTIONS
2018
paired organs 115-170 g, 11-13 cm
20-25 % of cardiac output
Renal artery
Cortex, medulla
Kidneys-
Different
nephrons-
Cortical nephrons- 80 %
short loops of Henle,
reaching only into the
outer medullary zone,
Juxtamedullary
nephrons-
long loops of Henle, go
deep into the inner
medulla
Urine formation
filtration of fluid through glomerular
capillaries into Bowman's capsule
Glomerular capillaries –like most capillaries,
are relatively impermeable to proteins
Glomerular filtrate
- (^) essentially protein-free and devoid of cellular
elements, including RBC
- (^) containing inorganic ions and low molecular
weight organic solutes
Glomerular filtration
Fluid filtered from the glomerulus into
Bowman’s capsule - pass through 3
layers (filtration barrier) that make up
the glomerular membrane :
1.the glomerular capillary endothelium
2.basement membrane
(an acellular gelatinous layer)
3.Bowman’s capsule epithelial cells
(podocytes)
Basement membrane
Collagen structural strength
Glycoproteins negatively charged,
repel albumin and other plasma
proteins
- (^) plasma proteins are almost completely
excluded from the filtrate
(less than 1 % of albumin)
In certain kidney diseases, the negative
charges on the basement membrane are
lost even before noticeable changes in
kidney histology occur
“minimal change nephropathy ”
lower-molecular-weight proteins, especially
albumin , are filtered and appear in the
urine, a condition known as proteinuria or
albuminuria.
the route:
first through capillary
pores
acellular basement
membrane finally
through capsular
filtration slits
glomerular capillary blood pressure –
major force for glomerular filtration
a force must be present to drive
plasma in the glomerular membrane
no active transport mechanisms or
local energy expenditures are involved
passive physical forces are
responsible for glomerular filtration
Three physical forces are
involved in glomerular
filtration:
- glomerular capillary blood pressure
- plasma-colloid osmotic pressure
- Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic
pressure