Download Public Health: Causes of Death and Health Behavior Models Exam Questions And Answers and more Exams Public Health in PDF only on Docsity!
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Leading Actual Causes of Death - correct answer ✅Tobacco, Poor diet and physical inactivity, Alcohol consumption, Microbial agents, Toxic agents, Motor vehicles, Firearms, Sexual behavior, Illicit drug use. Tobacco - correct answer ✅The leading actual cause of death in the U.S., causing cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, infant deaths due to low birthweight, and burns due to accidental fires. Poor Diet and Physical Inactivity - correct answer ✅The second most important actual cause of death, leading to obesity, heart disease and stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Misuse of Alcohol - correct answer ✅Causes motor vehicle fatalities, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, home injuries, drownings, fire fatalities, job injuries, cancer, and underage drinking.
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Microbial Agents - correct answer ✅The fourth leading actual cause of death, encompassing the top three killers of 1900, and could move to a higher position on the list in the future. Toxic Agents - correct answer ✅The fifth leading actual cause of death, indicating successes in environmental health. Public Health Interventions - correct answer ✅Includes education, regulation, and prohibition. Education - correct answer ✅Informs the public about healthy and unhealthy behavior, including smoking's bad effects and recommended dietary allowances. Regulation - correct answer ✅Warranted to restrain people from harming others, including laws against murder and assault, traffic regulations, and restrictions on alcohol, drugs, and tobacco.
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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events like the death of a spouse or loss of a job, and social support, which can buffer stress. Alameda Study - correct answer ✅Research indicating the importance of social support as a stress buffer. Health Belief Model - correct answer ✅The classic frame of reference for understanding health behavior and behavior change. Sanitation - correct answer ✅Conditions of the physical environment Psychological Factors - correct answer ✅Factors affecting mental state and health Stress - correct answer ✅Mortality increase after death of a spouse, loss of a job, divorce, etc. Increased risk of heart disease and common cold
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Social support - correct answer ✅Support from family, friends, and community that can buffer stress Health Belief Model - correct answer ✅The classic frame of reference for understanding health behavior, focusing on perceived vulnerability and seriousness of threats Self-Efficacy - correct answer ✅The sense of having control over one's life, increased by previous successful performance and observing peers Learned helplessness - correct answer ✅A pattern of 'numbed acceptance of a negative situation.' Transtheoretical Model - correct answer ✅A model involving progress through five stages:
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Public policy level - correct answer ✅Influences from government regulations AIDS Prevention - correct answer ✅Health promotion program targeting different levels of influence in the 1980s Changing the Environment - correct answer ✅More effective than trying to change individual behavior, focusing on systemic changes Diseases Caused by Smoking - correct answer ✅Includes cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and other cancers Nicotine - correct answer ✅An addictive drug that raises blood pressure and heart rate
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Tars - correct answer ✅Residue from burning tobacco that condenses in lungs, damaging cilia and irritating the respiratory tract Carbon monoxide - correct answer ✅Interferes with oxygen carrying capacity of blood Historical Tobacco Trends - correct answer ✅Intensive use began in early 20th century and was distributed free to soldiers in world wars Carcinogenic ingredients - correct answer ✅Other ingredients that are also carcinogenic (e.g., arsenic and benzene). Clotting properties - correct answer ✅Alter clotting properties of blood. Blood cholesterol - correct answer ✅Raise blood cholesterol and reduce HDL.
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Surgeon General's report - correct answer ✅The Surgeon General's first report was in 1964. Smoking rates decline - correct answer ✅Smoking rates began to decline after the 1964 report. Fallacy of women's immunity - correct answer ✅Women started smoking later than men, and lung cancer among women surpassed breast cancer in the 1980s. Smoking rates among demographics - correct answer ✅African American men had a higher rate, but it has declined; American Indians and Alaskan Natives have high rates. Education and smoking - correct answer ✅There is a strong association with lack of education and smoking rates.
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Current smoking rates - correct answer ✅Now in the U.S., about 14% of adults smoke. Federal Trade Commission - correct answer ✅One of the regulatory bodies involved in tobacco regulation. Warning labels - correct answer ✅Labels required on tobacco products to inform consumers. Fairness Doctrine - correct answer ✅A regulation for counter-advertising by the Federal Communications Commission. Advertising ban - correct answer ✅In 1971, the industry submitted a total ban on advertising on radio and television.
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Advertising focus - correct answer ✅Ads focus on young people and young women, suggesting smoking will help them lose weight. Ineffective laws - correct answer ✅Laws prohibit sale of tobacco to minors but are ineffective. Tax sensitivity - correct answer ✅Teenagers are especially sensitive to price. California cigarette tax - correct answer ✅California raised cigarette taxes to fund tobacco control programs. Tax increase effectiveness - correct answer ✅Tax increase is effective at reducing the number of smokers.
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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California's Tobacco Control Program - correct answer ✅Program was funded by a 1989 tax increase of 25 cents per pack. Cigarette consumption decline - correct answer ✅Cigarette consumption immediately declined after the tax increase. Antismoking campaign - correct answer ✅Antismoking campaign in 1990 and 1991 simultaneously reduced smoking. Workplace smoking ban - correct answer ✅In 1994, smoking was banned in all workplaces except bars, taverns, and casinos. 1990s tobacco lawsuits - correct answer ✅Class-action lawsuits by state attorneys general were filed against the tobacco industry.
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Truth campaign - correct answer ✅"Truth campaign" used lessons from California's campaign to restrict advertising. Settlement fund usage - correct answer ✅Disappointingly, states used very little settlement money for tobacco control. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act - correct answer ✅Was passed by Congress in 2009; authorizes the FDA to regulate tobacco products and to restrict advertising and promotion. Warning labels on cigarette packages - correct answer ✅Requires larger and more graphic warning labels on cigarette packages. Tobacco sponsorship - correct answer ✅Forbids tobacco companies from sponsoring sporting events.
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Disclosure of ingredients - correct answer ✅Requires disclosure of ingredients of cigarettes. E-cigarette awareness - correct answer ✅According to CDC, between 2010 and 2013, e- cigarette awareness grew to 80% and use more than doubled among U.S. adults. Health Risks of Obesity - correct answer ✅Includes cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some cancers, and arthritis. Epidemiology of Obesity - correct answer ✅Prevalence of overweight and obesity have been increasing since the 1960s in all ages and genders. Obesity statistics in U.S. - correct answer ✅In the U.S., 74.6% of men and 67.4% of women are overweight or obese.
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Federal Dietary Guidelines for Americans - correct answer ✅More fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat milk and dairy products; less refined grains, added sugar, salt, cholesterol, saturated and trans fats. Dietary Surveys by USDA - correct answer ✅Diet of about 75% of U.S. population falls short of the federal recommendations. Sweetened beverages intake - correct answer ✅Intake of sweetened beverages has increased; intake of milk has decreased. Promoting Healthy Eating - correct answer ✅Enhance self-efficacy and provide social support; apply California's '5-A-Day' Campaign for Better Health. Calorie counts on menus - correct answer ✅2018 law to post calorie counts on menus.
Behavior Models Exam Questions And
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Physical Activity and Health - correct answer ✅Exercise promotes health, independent of weight control. Exercise recommendations for children - correct answer ✅Children = 60 minutes or more daily. Exercise recommendations for adults - correct answer ✅Adults = 150 to 300 minutes per week; muscle strengthening twice per week. Obesity and inactivity correlation - correct answer ✅Lower SES is associated with more inactivity; obesity in children is correlated with time using TV, computer, and video games. Environmental barriers to exercise - correct answer ✅Remove environmental barriers and provide places to exercise.
