3.TARDIVE DYSKINESIA (TD)
-A syndrome of permanent involuntary
movements, is most commonly caused by the
long-term use of conventional antipsychotic
drugs.
- About 20% to 30% of patients on long term
treatment develop symptoms of TD. -
Symptoms: involuntary movements of the
tongue, facial and neck muscles, upper and
lower extremities and truncal musculature.
- Tongue thrusting and protruding, lip smacking,
blinking, grimacing and other excessive
unnecessary facial movements.
- TD is irreversible
Preventing TD is one goal when administering
antipsychotics.
Can be done by:
• Keeping maintenance dosages as low as
possible, changing medications and monitoring
the client periodically.
Treatment tardive dyskinesia:
* Progression can be arrested by decreasing or
discontinuing the antipsychotic medication
• Clozapine
4.ANTICHOLINERGIC SIDE EFFECTS
- often occur with the use of antipsychotics and
include orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth,
constipation, urinary hesitance or retention,
"blurred vision, dry eyes, photophobia, nasal
congestion and decreased memory.
- Usually decreased within 3 to 4 weeks but do
not entirely remit.
Nursing interventions:
• Use calorie-free beverages or hard candy -
may alleviate dry mouth
• Use stool softeners, adequate fluid intake
• Inclusion of grains and fruits in the diet may
prevent constipation
5. OTHER SIDE EFFECTS
- Antipsychotic drugs also 1 blood prolactin
levels.
- Diminishing libido, erectile and orgasmic
dysfunction, menstrual irregularities
- Diminishing libido, erectile and orgasmic
dysfunction, menstrual irregularities
- May contribute to weight gain > can
accompany most antipsychotic medications.
Clozapine ( Clorazil) & Olanzapine ( Zyprexa)
METABOLIC SYNDROME
- a cluster of symptoms conditions that 1 the
risk for heart disease, diabetes and stroke.
• The syndrome is diagnosed when 3 or more of
the following are present:
• Obesity - excess weight, increased body mass
index (BMI) and increased abdominal girth due
to fat deposits
• Increased BP
