Process Selection and Design: A Comprehensive Guide to Manufacturing Strategies, Summaries of Total Quality Management (TQM)

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PROCESS

SELECTION

AND DESIGN

IntroductionIntroduction

Previous topics, examined the need for the selection,

definition, and design of goods and services.

The purpose was to create environmentally friendly

goods and services that could be delivered in an

ethical, sustainable manner.

In production. A major decision for an operations

manager is finding the best way to produce so as

not to waste our planet's resources.

Four

Process

Strategies:

01

02

03

04

Process Focus

Repetitive Focus

Product Focus

Mass Customization

Focus

The vast majority of global production is

devoted to making low-volume, high-

variety products in places called "job

shops." Such facilities are organized

around specific activities or processes.

The repetitive process is the classic

assembly line. Widely used in the assembly

of virtually all automobiles and household

appliances, it has more structure and

consequently less flexibility than a process-

focused facility.

Fast-food firms are another example of a repetitive process using modules. This type of production allows more customizing than a product-focused facility.

In this manner, the firm obtains both the economic advantages of the product- focused model (where many of the modules are prepared) and the custom advantage of the low-volume, high-variety model.

Ex. meat, cheese, sauce, tomatoes, onions) are assembled to get a quasi- custom product, a cheeseburger.

Products such as glass, paper, tin sheets, lightbulbs, beer, and potato chips are made via a continuous process. Some products, such as lightbulbs, are discrete, others, such as rolls of paper, are made in a continuous flow.

Organizations producing the same product daily, like lightbulbs or hot

dog buns, can set standards and maintain quality, unlike those creating

unique products, such as print shops or hospitals.

Note:

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Objective 01 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam laoreet risus fringilla, egestas elit a, consequat augue. Phasellus sollicitudin felis mi, quis egestas ex ornare sed quis adipiscing.

Objective 02

A product-focused facility

produces high volume and low

variety. The specialized nature

of the facility requires high fixed

cost, but low variable costs

reward high facility utilization.

Mass customization/build-to-

order is the new imperative for

operations.

There are advantages to mass

customization and building to

order:

1. Meeting the demands of the

marketplace, firms win orders

and stay in business.

2. Trims cost (from personnel to

inventory to facilities) that exist

because of inaccurate sales

forecasting.

MASS CUSTOMIZATION FOCUS:

Product design must be imaginative. Successful build-to-order designs include a limited product line and modules.

*Inventory management requires tight control.

*Inventory management requires tight control.

*Tight schedules that track orders and material from design through delivery.

*Tight schedules that track orders and material from design through delivery.

*Responsive partners in the supply chain can yield effective collaboration.

*Responsive partners in the supply chain can yield effective collaboration.

Process design must be flexible and able to accommodate changes in both design and technology.

Choosing the right process ensures

smooth operations, minimizing delays

and waste.

The right process minimizes production

costs, including labor, material waste,

and energy consumption.

Poor process selection may result in

defects, higher rework rates, and

customer dissatisfaction.

Companies that adopt advanced or

automated processes can outperform

competitors.

A rigid process may limit a company's

ability to innovate or respond to market

shifts.

Process Selection: Why is it important?

The process of converting inputs into

outputs by utilizing and combining

economic resources like land and

capital to provide products and services

for consumers.

A method where goods are produced in

batches, allowing for the efficient

manufacture of various products in smaller

quantities, offering flexibility in responding

to market changes and customer

preferences.

Manufactures large quantities of

standardized products, often on assembly

lines, and is highly efficient and cost-

effective for producing goods in bulk,

making it ideal for items with high demand

and low variability.