PRESSURE VESSEL:
PRESSURE VESSEL:
Perancangan, Fabrikasi
Perancangan, Fabrikasi
dan Inspeksi
dan Inspeksi
Ir. Tri Prakosa, M.Eng.
Ir. Tri Prakosa, M.Eng.
LAPI-ITB (22-25 Oktober 2009)
LAPI-ITB (22-25 Oktober 2009)
1
1
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PRESSURE VESSEL:
PRESSURE VESSEL:
Perancangan, Fabrikasi
Perancangan, Fabrikasi
dan Inspeksi
dan Inspeksi
Ir. Tri Prakosa, M.Eng.
Ir. Tri Prakosa, M.Eng.
LAPI-ITB (22-25 Oktober 2009)
LAPI-ITB (22-25 Oktober 2009)
1
2. DESIGN OVERVIEW
2. DESIGN OVERVIEW
2
Pengantar
Pengantar
Material
Material
Pressure Vessel
Pressure Vessel
Perancangan (
Perancangan (
Design
Design
)
)
Pertimbangam Perancangan
Pertimbangam Perancangan
Lain
Lain
Pembuatan (Fabrikasi)
Pembuatan (Fabrikasi)
Inspeksi dan Testing
Inspeksi dan Testing
4
Definisi Pressure Vessels
Definisi Pressure Vessels
Wadah fluida yang bertekanan
Wadah fluida yang bertekanan
Digunakan di beberapa industri, antara
Digunakan di beberapa industri, antara
lain:
lain:
Perusahaan minyak
Perusahaan minyak
Perusahaan kimia
Perusahaan kimia
Pembangkit tenaga
Pembangkit tenaga
Pabrik pulp dan kertas
Pabrik pulp dan kertas
Pabrik makanan, dll
Pabrik makanan, dll
5
Drum Horisontal
Drum Horisontal
tumpuan Saddle
tumpuan Saddle
7
Gambar 2.
Drum Vertikal tumpuan Kaki
Drum Vertikal tumpuan Kaki
8
Gambar 2.
1. Sebagian besar head berbentuk
kurva lengkung karena alasan
kekuatan, tipis dan ekonomi.
2. Bentuk Semi eliptik (Semi-elliptical
shape) adalah bentuk yang umum
digunakan.
3. Drum kecil vertikal biasanya
ditumpu dengan kaki.
- Perbandingan maksimum
antara panjang kaki dengan
diameter biasanya 2:1.
- Jumlah kaki, ukuram dan
detail tambahan tergantung
pada besar beban.
Reaktor Vertikal
Reaktor Vertikal
10
Gambar 2.
Tangki Bola
Tangki Bola
Penyimpan (bertekanan)
Penyimpan (bertekanan)
11
Gambar 2.
Ruang Lingkup
Ruang Lingkup
ASME Code Section VIII
ASME Code Section VIII
Section VIII digunakan di seluruh dunia
Section VIII digunakan di seluruh dunia
Tujuan: Penyajian syarat minimal untuk
Tujuan: Penyajian syarat minimal untuk
keamanan konstruksi dan operasi
keamanan konstruksi dan operasi
Terdiri dari tiga divisi: 1, 2, dan 3
Terdiri dari tiga divisi: 1, 2, dan 3
13
Section VIII Division 1
Section VIII Division 1
15 psig < P ≤ 3000 psig
15 psig < P ≤ 3000 psig
Berlaku sampai dengan koneksi pertama ke pipa
Berlaku sampai dengan koneksi pertama ke pipa
Pengecualian lain
Pengecualian lain
Peralatan internal (kecuali yang dilas ke vessel)
Peralatan internal (kecuali yang dilas ke vessel)
Pemanas proses yang menggunakan api
Pemanas proses yang menggunakan api
Bejana tekan yang bersatu dengan mesin
Bejana tekan yang bersatu dengan mesin
Sistem perpipaan
Sistem perpipaan
14
Division 3, Alternative Rules
Division 3, Alternative Rules
High Pressure Vessels
High Pressure Vessels
Applications over 10,000 psi
Applications over 10,000 psi
Pressure from external source, process
Pressure from external source, process
reaction, application of heat, combination
reaction, application of heat, combination
of these
of these
Does not establish maximum pressure
Does not establish maximum pressure
limits of Division 1 or 2 or minimum limits
limits of Division 1 or 2 or minimum limits
for Division 3.
for Division 3.
16
Structure of Section VIII,
Structure of Section VIII,
Division 1
Division 1
Subsection A
Subsection A
Part UG applies to all vessels
Part UG applies to all vessels
Subsection B
Subsection B
Requirements based on fabrication method
Requirements based on fabrication method
Parts UW (weld), UF (Forged), UB (brazed)
Parts UW (weld), UF (Forged), UB (brazed)
Subsection C
Subsection C
Requirements based on material class
Requirements based on material class
Parts UCS, UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL, UCD (Cast
Parts UCS, UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL, UCD (Cast
Ductile Iron), UHT (heat treatment),
Ductile Iron), UHT (heat treatment),
ULW (layered construction), ULT (low temperature)
ULW (layered construction), ULT (low temperature)
Mandatory and Nonmandatory Appendices
Mandatory and Nonmandatory Appendices
17
Contoh yang Non-mandatory
Contoh yang Non-mandatory
Saran (
Saran ( good practice
good practice ) untuk struktur
) untuk struktur
internal
internal
Aturan rancangan tubesheet
Aturan rancangan tubesheet
dll
dll
19
Kelas Bahan
Kelas Bahan
Material Covering
Code part
Applicable Code
stress value tables
Remarks
Carbon and
low-alloy
steels
UCS Code Section II,
Part D, Table 1A
Basis for establishing stress values—Code Appendix P,UG-
Low-temperature service requires Pars. UCS-65,UCS-66, UCS-67,
UCS-68, UG-84 Code Figs. UCS-66, UCS-66.1,UCS-66.
In high-temperature operation, creep strength is essential
Design temperature—Code Par. UG-
Design pressure—Code Par. UG-21, Fn. 8
Temperature above 800°F may cause carbide phase of carbon steel
to convert to graphite
Pipe and tubes—Code Pars. UG-8, UG-10, UG-16, UG-31,UCS-9,
UCS-
Creep and rupture properties—Code Par. UCS-
20