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Preliminary Term Reviewer for Introduction to Communication Media, Study notes of Mass Communication

University of the East, Coloocan (UEC)Mass Communication

Contains reviewers and study notes about various topics for the Introduction to Communication Media for Preliminary term.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 06/10/2024

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bg1
source /
sender
Formality Levels
Physiological - sarcasm, wandering
thought, way of talking (stummering),
vacillating or feeling hesitant
Psychological
Semantic - meaning, words might be
meaningful to some but offending to others,
symbols and gestures ( pin-pointing people
might be okay in the ph but not in other
countries)
Environmental or physical - ex. Noise from
on going construction and jeepney
Mechanical - comes from device (ex. when
the phone rings, the aircon is malfunctioning
creating unusual sound.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Types of Communication Noise
message
receiver
channel
Basic Process of Communication
Intro to Communication Media
Feedback
Adjustment
N
NOISE Influences the interpretation of conversations.
FEEDBACK Helps with the flow of the conversation & to make improvements.
ADJUSTMENT Purpose: to make the communication going or effective.
WHO WILL ADJUST?
- the one who has a higher IQ. Ex. They simplify things when explaining .
Intimate - Language between lovers or
other close family and friends. Lowest level
Casual or Colloquial - Language between
friends. More relaxed
Consultative - in the middle of causal and
deliberate or formal. Consulting a priest,
doctor, therapist. Ex. Where do u see urself 5
years from now? Mam, I see myself sitting to
where you are seated. But don't worry Mam,
I'm sure you will be promoted in a higher
position so you'll still be my boss.
Deliberate - business conferences,
classroom discussions. Not relaxed.
Frozen (Archived) - Fossilized; preserved or
old words not often used today.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Locutionary - input
Illocutionary - intended meaning
Perlocutionary - Perception of the receiver
1.
2.
3.
Forces of Communication
INPUT: "You're a flirt" - a use of force to
catch attention rather than saying "I'm
jealous."
INTENDED MEANING: "I'm jealous."
PERCEPTION OF THE RECEIVER: got mad
because she perceived the message wrongly.
Miscommunication / misinterpretation:
happens when sender couldn't send her
message well and when the receiver have the
wrong perception of the message.
Paralanguage - "paano sinabi"
Ex. Mahal kita (malambing) vs mahal kita (not
malambing so it seems not sincere.)
▪
Perception to each sender is important.
Socio-linguistic competence ability to adjust themseleves to fit or communicate.
INTERLOCUTOR = SPEAKER
pf3
pf4
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source / sender

Formality Levels

thought, way of talking (stummering),^ Physiological^ - sarcasm, wandering

vacillating or feeling hesitant Psychological

Semantic meaningful to some but offending to others, - meaning, words might be

symbols and gestures ( pin-pointing people might be okay in the ph but not in other

countries) Environmental or physical - ex. Noise from

on going construction and jeepney Mechanical - comes from device (ex. when

the phone rings, the aircon is malfunctioning creating unusual sound.)

Types of Communication Noise

message channel receiver

Basic Process of Communication

Feedback

Adjustment N

NOISE Influences the interpretation of conversations.

FEEDBACK Helps with the flow of the conversation & to make improvements.

ADJUSTMENT Purpose: to make the communication going or effective.

WHO WILL ADJUST? - the one who has a higher IQ. Ex. They simplify things when explaining.

other close family and friends. Lowest level^ Intimate^ - Language between lovers or

friends. More relaxed^ Casual or Colloquial^ - Language between

deliberate or formal. Consulting a priest,^ Consultative^ - in the middle of causal and

doctor, therapist. Ex. Where do u see urself 5 years from now? Mam, I see myself sitting to

where you are seated. But don't worry Mam, I'm sure you will be promoted in a higher

position so you'll still be my boss. Deliberate - business conferences,

classroom discussions. Not relaxed. Frozen (Archived) - Fossilized; preserved or

old words not often used today.

Locutionary Illocutionary - input - intended meaning

Perlocutionary - Perception of the receiver

2.^ 1.

Forces of Communication

INPUT: "You're a flirt" - a use of force to catch attention rather than saying "I'm

jealous." INTENDED MEANING: "I'm jealous."

PERCEPTION because she perceived the message wrongly. OF THE RECEIVER: got mad

Miscommunication / misinterpretation: happens when sender couldn't send her

message well and when the receiver have the wrong perception of the message.

Paralanguage - "paano sinabi" Ex. Mahal kita (malambing) vs mahal kita (not

malambing so it seems not sincere.)

▪ Perception to each sender is important.

Socio-linguistic competence ability to adjust themseleves to fit or communicate.

INTERLOCUTOR = SPEAKER

Advantages Disadvantages

It brings quick feedback. In face-to-face conversation, by reading

facial expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should trust what’s

being said.

In face-to-face conversation, user is unable to deeply think about what he is

delivering, so this can be counted as oral obligation problem.

Messages can be edited and revised many times before it is actually sent.

WC provides record for every message sent and can be saved for later study.

A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback.

Unlike oral, written does instant feedback. not bring

It takes more time in composing a written message as composed word-of-mouth. And

number of people struggles for writing ability.

Types of Communication

Language Development

Monitor-under user - Monitor-over user - monitors a lot / conscious you monitor less.

limited errors^ Optimal user -^ knows when to monitor, no or

2.^ 1.

Monitor Users

Code - grammar or rules are needed ALM - Audio Lingual Method (method to learn language)

Means of Communication - language is a tool for Communication For The Real World - the purpose of language is for communication, so as long as you understand

what the others says then it's okay regardless of tone and pronunciation as there are diffirent types of tones and pronunciations from different places.

Verbal Communication written - can be oral or

Non-Verbal Communication

Language Proficiencies Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) - this is more informal (ex. we shorten tagalog words in ph.) Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) - more formal (ex. full senteces in english is normal in ph but not in america, they shorten words.)

ORAL

WRITTEN

V E R B A L

N O N V E R B A L

Facial Expression Eye contact (oculesics) - Can divulge hidden emotions & can also contradict verbal statement. - The best indicator of how involved a person is in the situation. interest.^ Posture^ - The way we carry ourselves. Non-verbally convey impressions of self-confidence, status and standard meanings.^ Gestures^ - Physical movements of the arms, legs, hands and head. When speaking, some gestures have dominance. We cannot do much about our body, but by adopting right kind of postures and dressing style, we^ Body Shape^ - The physical shape of our body also communicate to others. Like tallness usually equates with can improve the impact of our appearance. Smell and Touch - Various doors and artificial fragrances on human beings can sometimes convey emotions and feelings better than words. Similarly, touching people in different ways can silently communicate friendship, love, approval, hatred, anger or other motives and feelings. between messages or sever relationships. It can create tension and uneasiness or create a peaceful situation.^ Silence^ - It can be a positive or negative influence in he communication process. It can provide a link

  1. Ambiguous Message can be interpreted in more than one way. Created by words that can be interpreted differently. Try to paraphrase or rephrase in your own words the following statements: • A rebel group
  • Adequate facilities • Economic growth
  • You’ve dated someone three times, what does it mean to you?
  1. Involves Content and Relationship Dimensions Messages serve different communication functions. Being able a prerequisite for using and responding to them effectively. to distinguish between these messages is Example: Your professor asks you to meet with him/her after class. How would you relate the content aspect of this request to what he/she wants you to do? The relationship aspect, however, has something to do with professor-student relationship. How this should be dealt?
  2. Has Power Dimension The ability to influence or control the behaviors of other communicate, and the way you communicate influences the power you wield. people. Power influences the way you Six Types of Power
  3. Punctuated Communication events are continuous transactions that have no clear-cut beginning or ending. Punctuation does not reflect what exists in reality. Rather, it reflects the unique, subjective, and fallible perception of each individual.

For example: Your professor lacks interest in you, seldom teaching and offering learning materials for your improvement. Students are apathetic and morale is low.

7.Purposeful You communicate with a purpose; some motivation leads you to communicate. To learn: to acquire knowledge of others, the world, and yourself To relate: to form relationships with others, to interact with others as individuals To help: to assist others by listening, offering solutions To influence: to strengthen or change the attitudes or behaviors of others To play: to enjoy the experience of the moment

2.^ 1.

Legitimate Power. When others believe you have a right—by virtue of your position—to influence or control their behaviors. Ex. Professors - students believe them because they had the authority as a prof. Referent Power. When others wish to be like you. Referent power holders often are attractive, have considerable prestige, and are well liked and well respected. Ex. Fluent english speakers, good speakers. Reward Power. When you control the rewards that others want. Rewards may be material (money, promotion, properties, jewelry) or social (love, friendship, respect). For example, teachers have reward power over students because they control grades and social approval. Coercive Power. When you have the ability to administer punishments to or remove rewards from others if they do not do as you wish. For example, teachers may give poor grades or withhold recommendations. Expert Power. When others see you as having expertise or special knowledge. Your expert power increases when you’re seen as being unbiased and as having nothing personally to gain from exerting this power.

Five General Purposes:

  1. Inevitable, Irreversible, and Unrepeatable Communication is inevitable; that is, in interactional situations it is always person may not intend or want to communicate. taking place, even when a Another all-important attribute of communication is its irreversibility. Once you say something or click “send” on your e-mail or SMS, you cannot uncommunicated the message, although you may reduce its effects. evanescent; they fade almost as they are uttered. What about in public speaking? Unlike in face-to-face communication, the signals are Communication is unrepeatable. A communication act can never be duplicated. The reason is simple: everyone and everything is constantly changing. As a result, you can never recapture the exact same situation, frame of mind, or relationship dynamics that defined a previous communication act.

Types

Communication Competence

Competence principles of effective communication vary from one culture to another, and what proves and Culture. Communication competence is culture-specific; that is, the effective in one culture may prove ineffective in another. Hence, the competent communicator is culturally sensitive. Competence exchange of ideas. Critical thinking is logical thinking; it’s thinking that is well-reasoned, and Critical Thinking. Without critical thinking there can be no competent unbiased, and clear. It involves thinking intelligently, carefully, and with as much clarity as possible. Competence and Ethics. Human communication also involves questions good and bad, of right and wrong, of moral and immoral. Ethics is concerned with actions, with of ethics, the study of behaviors; it’s concerned with distinguishing between behaviors that are moral (ethical, good, right) and those that are immoral (unethical, bad, wrong). Competence and Power. All communication transactions involve power, or the ability to control the behavior of others. Communication is power. Those who have mastered its effective use can change their own experience of the world and the world’s experience of them. Competence and Listening. Often we tend to think of competence in communication as “speaking effectiveness,” paying little attention to listening. But listening is an integral part of communication; you cannot be a competent communicator if you’re a poor listener.

Communication Competence refers to your knowledge of how communication wo ability to use communication effectively. It’s like learning vocabulary. The more vocabulary yourks and your

know, the more ways you have for expressing yourself.

Culture and Human Communication

Culture consists of the beliefs, ways of behaving, and artifacts of a gr transmitted through communication and learning rather than through genes.oup. By definition, culture is

Demographic Changes. A citizen of the world. Sensitivity to Cultural Differences. All cultures can coexist and enrich one another. Economic effectively across cultures. Interdependence. Our economic lives depend on our ability to communicate Communication practical, and inevitable. Technology. Technology has made intercultural communication easy,

Importance ofCulture

In the basic process of communication model, the adjustment mechanism on top may be referred to the ritual view of communication. Meaning, cultural

diversity is one factor to consider in decoding messages. The perlocutionary force is NOT heavily dependent on the illocutionary force.

Communication is EFFECTIVE when the perlocutionary force receives both locutionary and illocutionary forces with intelligibility and unambiguity.

Locutionary and perlocutionary forces must be scrutinized to cascade the illocutionary force so that effective communication will be achieved.

One of the principles of communication is that it involves content and relationship dimensions. Meaning, the appreciation of the message is

dependent on the established relationship between the interlocutor and the receiver.

Communication has power dimension--legitimate, referent, reward, coercive and expert. The latter power increases when equality is observed.

Communication continuous transactions that have no clear direction. is punctuated. Meaning, communication events are

The communication systems. use of a common language have greatly different nonverbal

Communication duplicated. The reason is simple: change is a constant factor. Meaning, is unrepeatable. A communication act can never be

everyone and everything is constantly changing. As a result, you can never recapture the exact same situation, frame of mind, or relationship dynamics

that defined a previous communication act. Communication competence is culture-specific; that is, the principles of

effective communication vary from one culture to another, and what proves effective in one culture may prove otherwise in another. Hence, the

competent communicator is culturally sensitive.

ADDITIONAL FACTS FROM QUIZ 1 & 2

Goodluck sa exam!!! <333 — cellina, ba comm BA1A