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Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide: NURS 231/BIOD 331 Portage Learning, Exams of Pathophysiology

Western Governors University (WGU)Pathophysiology

This comprehensive study guide for the pathophysiology final exam (nurs 231/biod 331) at portage learning provides a categorized breakdown of questions across various versions of the exam. It includes true/false questions, matching, multiple choice, short answer, and clinical questions. The guide offers a valuable resource for students preparing for the exam, covering key concepts and providing practice questions.

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Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD
331 Final Exam All Versions Latest Update
All Versions Of Final Exam Categorized By Question Types
2025 NURS 231/BIOD 231 Pathophysiology Portage Learning.
Table of Contents
Version Final Exam.1 ............................................................................................................................... 1
Version Final Exam.2 ............................................................................................................................... 5
Version Final Exam.3 ............................................................................................................................. 18
Version Final Exam.4 ............................................................................................................................. 35
Version Final Exam.5 ............................................................................................................................. 56
Questions Type Breakdown In Each Version
➢ True and false:
➢ Matching, multiple choice and short answer:
➢ Clinical questions: Only questions are provided for clinical questions as examinees are strongly
encouraged to answer them in their own words.
All the Best!
Version Final Exam.1
True And False: Questions if False make the statement True
Peristaltic movements occur in two directions
False, Peristaltic movements one direction
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth.
False, Malignant neoplasm
Humoral immunity is a form of innate immunity.
False, humoral immunity is a form of adaptive immunity
Hormones work through receptors, and the speed of this action varies.
True
An initial immune response that is generalized (non-specific) and unable to distinguish between
various foreign agents is characteristic of adaptive immunity.
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Download Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide: NURS 231/BIOD 331 Portage Learning and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!

Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD

331 Final Exam All Versions Latest Update

All Versions Of Final Exam Categorized By Question Types

2025 NURS 231/BIOD 231 Pathophysiology Portage Learning.

Table of Contents

Version Final Exam.1 ............................................................................................................................... 1 Version Final Exam.2 ............................................................................................................................... 5 Version Final Exam.3 ............................................................................................................................. 18 Version Final Exam.4 ............................................................................................................................. 35 Version Final Exam.5 ............................................................................................................................. 56

Questions Type Breakdown In Each Version

➢ True and false: ➢ Matching, multiple choice and short answer: ➢ Clinical questions: Only questions are provided for clinical questions as examinees are strongly encouraged to answer them in their own words. All the Best!

Version Final Exam.

True And False: Questions if False make the statement True Peristaltic movements occur in two directions False, Peristaltic movements one direction A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth. False, Malignant neoplasm Humoral immunity is a form of innate immunity. False, humoral immunity is a form of adaptive immunity Hormones work through receptors, and the speed of this action varies. True An initial immune response that is generalized (non-specific) and unable to distinguish between various foreign agents is characteristic of adaptive immunity.

False. An initial immune response that is generalized (non-specific) and unable to distinguish between various foreign agents is characteristic of innate immunity. Apoptosis sets off an inflammatory immune response. False, necrosis sets off an inflammatory immune response Anti-diarrheal medication can be used with all types of diarrhea. False Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances. false Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. true Wet - skin is cold/swollen with no pulse, skin is moist and black, foul oder, rapid spread Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types. false (it's cell DIFFERENTIATION) Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division. false (it's cell PROLIFERATION) Matching, Multiple Choice And Short Answer: Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. It is involved in cellular respiration. They play a role in apoptosis. Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within. Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells. Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. Dry - tissue is dry and shrinks, skin turns black, spreads slow What are two important properties that stem cells possess? Potency & self-renewal These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent that they have lost their ability to divide. Parent cells Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders. There are a ton of different ones and they all present with similar symptoms. Blood testing isn't perfect. Which lab value will typically be increased in a viral infection? Lymphocytes

**2. does not play a role

  1. epinephrine
  2. allergy ID and EpiPen** A 23-year-old African-American man with a history of severe lifelong anemia requiring many transfusions has nonhealing leg ulcers and recurrent periods of abdominal and chest pain. These signs and symptoms are most likely to be associated with which one of the following laboratory abnormalities? Sickle cells on peripheral blood smear A 10-year-old boy who is having an acute asthma attack is brought to the ER. He is observed to be sitting up and struggling to breathe. His breathing is accompanied by use of accessory muscles, a weak cough, and audible wheezing sounds. His pulse is rapid and weak, and both heart and breath sounds are distant on auscultation. His parents relate that his asthma began to worsen after he developed a "cold," and now he doesn't get relief from his albuterol inhaler. Explain the changes in physiologic function underlying his signs and symptoms. Inflammatory cells from the bloodstream enter the bronchial wall where they attack invading organisms and secrete inflammatory chemicals that are toxicc to them - this causes airway inflammation. This hyper-response causes airway obstruction. A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency department via ambulance at 5 pm. The patient's spouse reports that when they woke up (approximately at 6 am) he reported to her that he was having some blurred vision but decided to go about his day. As the day progressed, he started experiencing tingling and feelings of weakness on the entire left side of his body. He has a past medical history of diabetes. Based upon these symptoms and past medical history, what do you suspect this patient is experiencing? How would you confirm this diagnosis? What treatment should be administered? Explain why you chose that treatment. Ischemic stroke. I would confirm this by ordering and CT scan or MRI to figure out if a clot was blocking blood flow to the brain. Since it's outside of the 4 hour treatment window for tPA, a catheter method would need to be used. Explain how the kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure of the rest of the body. Renal auto regulation, nervous system control, and hormonal control A patient presents in the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to vomiting. The following are the results of their blood work: pH = 8.2, PCO2 = 39 mm, and HCO3- = 33 mEq/L. Based upon these results, what type of acid-base disorder are they experiencing? Is compensation occurring? Describe a treatment intervention for this disorder. Normal values are as follows: pH = 7.35-7.45, PCO2 = 35-45 mm, HCO3- = 22-26 mEq/L. They are in metabolic alkalosis without respiratory compensation. Treatment would be fluid replacement via saline solution.

A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Lab findings show a low serum T4 and elevated TSH. What diagnosis would her history and lab findings indicate? What type of treatment should be given?

**1. Hypothyroidism

  1. synthetic T4 thyroid hormone, thyroxine** Blood circulates through bone by what means? Via the central Haversian and Volkmann canals, anastomosis between perforating and nutrient arteries, diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone and the canaliculi If someone loses their balance when walking on uneven terrain, explain how tendons and ligaments work to protect the joint and structures within it. Tendons and ligaments promote body movement and connect bones to the muscles. When there is a stretch or torsional strain, a reflexive response gets triggered by nerve fibers to adjust tension on muscles that support the joints. A 72-year-old male is said to be in phase 3 of gout. He is obese and has a history of alcohol abuse. Develop a treatment plan including specific pharmacologic intervention and a non- pharmacologic recommendation to manage his disease. **1. lose weight and limit alcohol intake
  2. allopurinol to reduce uric acid levels** Version Final Exam. ALL FALSE, MAKE STATEMENT TRUE
  3. An initial immune response that is generalized (non-specific) and unable to distinguish between various foreign agents is characteristic of adaptive immunity.
  4. A DAT scan is necessary for a diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease to be made.
  5. Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types.
  6. Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
  7. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the PNS.
  8. Someone in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease requires assistance for their activities of daily living.
  9. Schwann cells produce myelin in the CNS.
  1. Haversian canals contain the nerve and blood supply for the osteon.
  2. Prolonged immobilization can lead to structural joint changes associated with OA.
  3. Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells
  4. Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy
  5. Cell differentiation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types.
  6. B cells are primarily associated with humoral immunity.
  7. T cells mature in the thymus and are active in cellular immunity.
  8. Even after forced expiration, a significant amount of air remains in the lungs.
  9. Nearly all pulmonary emboli are thrombi arising from deep vein thrombosis in the upper and lower extremities.
  10. Intrapleural pressure is always negative in relation to alveolar pressure in a normal inflated lung.
  11. The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration
  12. Excess surface tension makes lung inflation harder. All FALSE:
  13. Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances.
  14. The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T-cell receptors for a nonself-antigen are allowed to mature, a process termed negative selection.
  15. Anti-diarrheal medication can be used with all types of diarrhea.
  16. A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.
  17. Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia
  18. A narrow, surgical-type wound is likely to heal by secondary intention.
  19. B lymphocytes normally produce antibodies against host tissues.
  20. A person with HIV is not infectious when they are asymptomatic.
  21. The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T-cell receptors for a nonself-antigen are allowed to mature, a process termed negative selection.
  22. During inspiration, air is drawn into the lungs and the chest cavity is decreased.
  23. The process of digestion begins in the stomach and finishes in the large intestine.
  24. A paracrine hormone is a hormone that produces a biologic action on the cell that released them.
  25. Hormones travel through the bloodstream attached to transport carriers only.
  26. Of all the people with diabetes, approximately 70% have type 2 diabetes.
  27. Most hormones are controlled through positive feedback.
  1. Testing for diabetes should be done on everyone initially at age 60. Multiple Choice:
  2. You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent diagnostic tests revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a blood thinner to prevent a future neurologic event. This would be an example of:
  3. What type of signaling occurs in the nervous system as neurotransmitters act on adjacent nerve cells?
  4. Your patient has serum uric acid levels of 7.5 mg/dL. They are not complaining of pain, and there are no signs of inflammation. What phase of gout would you place them?
  5. A triglyceride reading of 175 would be considered:
  6. A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with repetitive hand rubbing and reports of hallucinations right before the seizure occurred. They have experienced which type of seizure?
  7. A decrease in the size of an organ or tissue resulting from a decrease in the mass of preexisting cells is called:
  8. A patient is experiencing a severe reduction in GFR, and their GFR is 15-29 mL/min/1.73m2. What stage of kidney disease are they in?
  9. The flow of blood in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries is called:
  10. Each of the following is true of apoptosis except:
  11. Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D?
  12. Which lab value will typically be increased in a viral infection?
  13. A 23-year-old African-American man with a history of severe lifelong anemia requiring many transfusions has nonhealing leg ulcers and recurrent periods of abdominal and chest pain. These signs and symptoms are most likely to be associated with which one of the following laboratory abnormalities?
  14. Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
  15. Each of the following are risk factors for secondary hyperlipidemia except?
  16. Risk factors for coronary heart disease include each of the following except:
  17. Each of the following can lead to atelectasis except:
  18. Risk factors for gallstone formation include each of the following EXCEPT:
  19. Risk factors for the development of peptic ulcer include each of the following EXCEPT:
  20. Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT:
  21. Which of the following would a patient likely report if you suspect they have OA?
  1. Which of the following is/are characteristic of normal tissue function, renewal and repair?
  2. Which are true of the mitochondria?
  3. Which are true of the cell membrane?
  4. Blood circulates through bone by what means? (mark all that apply) Answers:
  5. Decreased cortisol levels, hyperpigmentation of the skin
  6. Hypertrophy, apoptosis
  7. It is involved in cellular respiration, They play a role in apoptosis
  8. Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within, Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells, Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
  9. via central Haversian and Volkmann canals, an anastomosis between perforating and nutrient arteries, diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone and the canaliculi Fill in the Blank:
  10. ___________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large intestine in one direction.
  11. ______ is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the tumor as well as other distant sites.
  12. The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known as _______.
  13. _____ is the transfer of gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
  14. What are two important properties that stem cells possess?
  15. These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent that they have lost their ability to divide: Answers:
  16. peristaltic movements
  17. chemotherapy
  18. cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome
  19. diffusion
  20. Potency and self renewal
  21. progenitor or parent cells

Short Answer

  1. You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? Normal
  2. List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other parts of the body, and lack well-defined margins.
  3. You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis. They mention that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their local gym because they read that weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution would you give to them as they participate in this program? Try to not over strain your body. Avoid forward bends and twists as these movements can strain the spine. Any movement involving extreme spinal flexion can create compression between the vertebrae and possibly lead to a cascade of fractures. Use as much impact as you can tolerate, don't go beyond what you cannot handle. While weight-bearing exercises have been shown to increase bone density, they should be done in a safe way minimizing the risk for falls as they are at increased risk for fracture with a diagnosis of osteoporosis
  4. You are evaluating a patient in the Emergency Department who was brought in by ambulance after being involved in a serious motor vehicle accident. Their respiratory rate is increased; they are experiencing difficulty breathing, and breath sounds in their right lung are diminished. You order a CT scan and determine that they are experiencing a pneumothorax of their right lung. Pulse oximetry and arterial blood gases reveal that blood oxygenation is outside of normal limits. Describe the treatment required to reverse this condition. Emergency treatment of a tension pneumothorax requires the immediate insertion of a largebore needle or chest tube into the affected side, along with one-way valve drainage or continuous chest suction to aid in re-inflating the affected lung
  5. Your friend is suffering from adjustment insomnia. She just started a new job and is anxious about her new responsibilities. What are TWO behavior modifications she can make to prevent sleep disturbances?
  1. Leah is a 25 y/o female who complains of a stuffy nose and sneezing every Spring and Fall. Benadryl makes her sleepy, and it doesn't really help her nasal congestion. Given the patient's past medical history and presentation, what is your initial diagnosis? What about her current presentation leads you to this conclusion? Allergic rhinitis. Sneezing and congestion that present when pollen counts are high leads us to this conclusion.
  2. Jeffrey, a 62 y/o patient, presents with progressing shortness of breath, profound iron deficiency, and is hemoccult positive (blood in stool). What specialist would you send him to and why? An oncologist because you want to rule out cancer. Short Answer:
  3. Bill and Angela have brought their mom into your office today. They tell you that their mom has experienced dementia for some time now, but they have not been too concerned because, for the most part, she has been able to care for herself, only needing assistance here and there for her daily activities. However, recently things have changed. Her ability to recall recent events has drastically decreased; she is experiencing difficulty with sleep; they've noticed some mood changes, and the most alarming thing is that she has started to wander outside of her home. They are concerned for her safety. Given the patient's presentation, what is your initial diagnosis? Initial diagnosis is Alzheimer's disease.
  4. Sydney, an 18 y/o female, presents with constipation, fatigue, and dry skin. Her menstrual periods have gotten heavier, and she has gained 15 lbs since her last visit. Given the patient's past medical history and presentation, what disease is on your differential diagnosis list? Hypothyroidism.
  5. A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy, and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals that the pH of their urine is 7.8. Given the patient's past medical history and presentation, what is your initial diagnosis? Kidney stones or renal calculi
  1. Anne is a 48 y/o female who presents with excessive vaginal bleeding x 6 months. Her skin is pale, she reports feeling fatigued, and often craves a large cup of Sonic crushed ice. A quick in- office H&H shows a hemoglobin of 9 and hematocrit of 30%. Given the patient's past medical history and presentation, what is your initial diagnosis? Anemia Short Answer:
  2. A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by his spouse at 8 pm. The spouse reports that they were cleaning up after dinner at approximately 6:30 pm, and she noticed that her husband's speech was very unclear. When she asked him what was going on, he said that he didn't know and that the entire right side of his face felt numb. She reports that he is very active, but he has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation. What do you suspect this patient is experiencing? Specifically, categorize the disease process based upon his past medical history and his current presentation and explain how you arrived at this specific diagnosis. Ischemic Stroke; the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted which prevents brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients.. A past medical history of atrial fibrillation puts him at an increased risk for clots.
  3. You are seeing Pam, a 52-year-old female in your office today. She is coming to you after 4 months of struggling with difficulty sleeping and just feeling "down". When you ask her to describe her symptoms specifically, she states that she feels a sense of guilt over everything, and nothing seems to make her happy. She feels worse in the morning. You suspect Pam is struggling with depression. What type of depression best fits her symptoms? Explain why you came to this conclusion. This would be categorized as melancholic depression. Her feelings of guilt and anhedonia are worse in the morning.
  4. Jake is a 12 y/o male, who is brought in by his mom. He complains of coughing fits when he plays sports and has to catch his breath a lot. He also feels "tight" with breathing when he's around cats and dogs. His mom is also allergic to certain animals. You suspect Jake is asthmatic. What about his current presentation leads you to this conclusion? Exercise-induced and/or allergic asthma; coughing and chest tightness Short Answer:

symptoms. You diagnose Tommy with viral gastroenteritis. What is the best treatment plan for this patient? Explain your reasoning. Fluid and electrolyte replacement to prevent dehydration. Most acute episodes of diarrhea will subside on their own and require no treatment Short Answer:

  1. Leah is a 25 y/o female who complains of a stuffy nose and sneezing every Spring and Fall. Benadryl makes her sleepy, and it doesn't really help her nasal congestion. You believe Leah is suffering from a simple case of allergic rhinitis. What is the best treatment plan for this patient? Explain your reasoning. 2nd generation antihistamine (non-drowsy) and intranasal steroid for symptom management.
  2. A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by his spouse at 8 pm. The spouse reports that they were cleaning up after dinner at approximately 6:30 pm, and she noticed that her husband's speech was very unclear. When she asked him what was going on, he said that he didn't know and that the entire right side of his face felt numb. She reports that he is very active, but he has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation. A CT scan confirms that this patient has suffered from an ischemic CVA. What is the best treatment plan for this patient? Explain your reasoning. An IV injection of TPA given through a vein in the arm is the best treatment plan for this patient, especially since he came within the first three hours of injury. tPA breaks up the blood clots.
  3. Sydney, an 18 y/o female, presents with constipation, fatigue, and dry skin. Her menstrual periods have gotten heavier, and she has gained 15 lbs since her last visit. Sydney's lab results confirm a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. What treatment would you prescribe? Explain your reasoning for choosing this treatment plan. Synthetic T4 thyroid hormone, thyroxine. Sydney’s thyroid isn’t producing enough thyroid hormone, so you need to replace it.
  4. Jeffrey, a 62 y/o patient, is asking how he can decrease his chance of developing cancer. List TWO recommendations you can give to lower his chances of developing cancer. Healthy weight, exercise, diet low in fat, high fiber, increased fruits and vegetables, decreased smoked or red meats, avoid smoking and alcohol (PICK 2)
  5. Joe, a 65 y/o male, presents with generalized lymphadenopathy. He has come in for frequent infections. He has a past history of IV drug use and multiple sexual partners. Bloodwork was taken, and the HIV test was positive. The patient is wondering if he should get a flu shot this year. What is your response?

It is important for HIV+ individuals to be vaccinated against common (and preventable) infections as soon as possible, as well as to avoid, recognize, and treat opportunistic infections early.

  1. A 10-year-old boy who is having an acute asthma attack is brought to the ER. He is observed to be sitting up and struggling to breathe. His breathing is accompanied by use of accessory muscles, a weak cough, and audible wheezing sounds. His pulse is rapid and weak, and both heart and breath sounds are distant on auscultation. His parents relate that his asthma began to worsen after he developed a “cold,” and now he doesn’t get relief from his albuterol inhaler. Explain the changes in physiologic function underlying his signs and symptoms. Recruitment of inflammatory cells from the bloodstream into the bronchial wall, where they directly attack the invading organisms and secrete inflammatory chemicals that are toxic to the organisms causes airway inflammation. Swelling of the bronchial wall, mucus secretion, constriction of the airway; bronchial hyper-responsiveness to stimuli causes airway obstruction or narrowing. They may discuss on a cellular level as well: Upon a trigger, the cascade of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells cause epithelial injury. This causes airway inflammation, which further increases hyperresponsiveness and decreased airflow. Mast cells release histamine and leukotrienes. These cause major bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and mucus secretion. Mast cells can trigger multiple cytokine release, which causes more airway inflammation. The contraction of the airways and subsequent swelling leads to further airway obstruction.
  2. Explain how the kidney cam maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure of the rest of the body. 3 mechanisms that regulate renal blood flow and regulate the GFR: renal autoregulation, nervous system control, and hormonal control
  3. A patient presents in the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to vomiting. The following are the results of their blood work: pH = 8.2, PCO2 = 39 mm, and HCO3 - = 33 mEq/L. Based upon these results, what type of acid-base disorder are they experiencing? Is compensation occurring? Describe a treatment intervention for this disorder. Normal values are as follows: pH = 7.35-7.45, PCO2 = 35-45 mm, HCO3 - = 22-26 mEq/L. Metabolic alkalosis. There is no respiratory compensation because the PCO2 levels fall within normal range. Treatment is fluid replacement with normal saline solution.
  4. A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Lab findings show a low serum T4 and elevated TSH. A) What diagnosis would her history and lab findings indicate? B) What type of treatment should be given? A) Hypothyroidism; B) Synthetic T4 thyroid hormone (thyroxine) is used to treat hypothyroidism

bacterial infections in the lungs peripheral edema ANS: air trapping in the alveoli This occurs when excessive amount of growth hormone are released by the pitutary gland after epiphyseal plates fuse. SIADH dwarfism hyperthyroidism acromegaly ANS: acromegaly What is the most important to evaluate for a patient with potassium level of 1.9 mEq/L? urine output skin turgor pupils telemetry/ EKG ANS: telemetry/EKG Untreated chronic bronchitis causes hepatic encephalopathy. true/false ANS: false You would expect to see an imbalance of ____ in a patient with diabetes insipidus. troponin ADH potassium insulin ANS: ADH The nurse can percuss the costovertebral angle for pain when trying to identify kidney disease. true/false ANS: true A client diagnosed with heart failure reports a feeling of dizziness upon standing. What describe this? objective data sign contraindication

symptom ANS: symptom A calcium imbalance results from abnormal functioning of the parathyroid glands. true/false ANS: true Energy used to maintain biologic functions in an undiagnosed type 1 diabetic involves which of the following? serum glucose skeletal bone fat tissue kidney tissue ANS: fat tissue H. Pylori often causes peptic ulcer disease. true/false ANS: true Which of the following can lead to an mechanical obstruction bowel obstruction? low fiber diet C Diff opioids intussusception ANS: intussusception What could cause prerenal kidney injury? bladder infection hyperkalemia BPH hemorrhage ANS: hemorrhage Type 1 diabetes is ____ and type 2 diabetes is _____. insulin resistance, no pituitary influence lack of insulin, insulin resistance over production of insulin, lack of insulin insulin resistance, lack of a pancreas ANS: lack of insulin, insulin resistance