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POLICE SERGEANT EXAM NFLST VERIFIED CORRECTLY 100%
14th ammendment - ----Answerss----due process of law
Arrest - ----Answerss----intention, authority, custody
Arrest warrant - ----Answerss----1. Name of the state
- Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace officer of that state)
- Person who will be arrested
- Offense Committed
- Date, time, place of occurrence
- Name of victim
- Description of Offense
Mapp v. Ohio - ----Answerss----Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court)
Search Warrant Exceptions - ----Answerss----Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle inventory, incident to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view
Chimel v. California (1969) - ----Answerss----search is valid of a person and area under him immediate control form which he could produce a weapon or destroy evidence
Carroll v. U.S. (1925) - ----Answerss----movable vehicle rule
Arizona v. Gant (2009) - ----Answerss----can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe will find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger compartment.
inductive reasoning - ----Answerss----factual and logical explanation of the crime
deductive reasoning - ----Answerss----hypothesis
neighborhood canvas - ----Answerss----helpful in about 20% of investigations
vehicle canvas - ----Answerss----get description, location, plate of vehicles in the area with description of anything suspicious ie blood, bullet holes, possible evidence.
Primary v. secondary scenes - ----Answerss----primary is where first criminal act occurred, secondary scenes are where all subsequent scenes occurred.
Evidence in "open view" - ----Answerss----processed before other items/bodies to make sure no undue damage is done to families by media or common talk.
Impressions - ----Answerss----prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow, etc.
Plastic prints - ----Answerss----prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty foods, caulking
Patent/contaminated/visible - ----Answerss----fingers contaminated with an oily substance touch a clean surface
Latent/invisible - ----Answerss----unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose them
Forensic ondontology - ----Answerss----intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite mark analysis and identification.
Signature - ----Answerss----The striations on a bullet after passing through the bore of the barrel of a rifle or pistol
Touch DNA - ----Answerss----small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin shavings after touching something.
Handwriting samples - ----Answerss----15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects
Objective of interrogation: (importance goes up as the difficulty goes up) - ----Answerss----Obtain valuable facts, Eliminate the innocent, Identify the guilty, Obtain a confession
Proximity - ----Answerss----distance between you and subject during interview (optimal proximity 27 in. for middle class white males)
Expectancy - ----Answerss----Bias when witness is not completely positive of an Answers. They'll give an Answers they would expect, or assume.
Coerced - internalized confession - ----Answerss----False confession where innocent suspect made to believe they committed the crime where people develop a distrust of their own memory.
Voluntary confession - ----Answerss----Give false confession without provocation
Coerced compliant confession - ----Answerss----Confess after lengthy interrogation process and think the short term outweighs long term (being released on bail and getting high vs. having to go to prison later)
Free and voluntary rule - ----Answerss----can't beat a suspect into a confession, or threaten violence
hours, "fixed" after 8-12 hours, Before it being fixed, the livor mortis may move around the body.
Decomposition - ----Answerss----A body decomposing above ground for a week looks similar to a body that has been under water for 2 weeks or has been buried for six weeks.
Forensic entomologist - ----Answerss----test bugs on
Entrance wound - ----Answerss----sinks temporarily then regains elasticity
Contusion ring - ----Answerss----forms around the entrance of a bullet hole in a human
Contact bullet wound - ----Answerss----leaves charring of the skin, black splotches around the entrance of the bullet
Incise and Stab wounds - ----Answerss----Normally if fatal, incise or "cutting" wounds found in the throat area
Incise and Stab wounds II Most commonly found on face, arms, and legs. - ----Answerss----Stabbing normally fatal if hits an organ
Close proximity of stab wounds - ----Answerss----normally indicates incapacitation at the time of the attack (intox, held down, asleep)
Lacerations - ----Answerss----caused by blunt objects and create abnormally shaped cuts.
Battered child syndrome - ----Answerss----Physical abuse to children. Most common weapons are belts and electric chords.
Burn injuries - ----Answerss----make up 10% of child abuse. Infants commonly burned by water for not responding to toilet training.
Scald burns - ----Answerss----most common deliberate type of burn, and are caused by heating a liquid and immersing the child in the liquid. Also called immersion burns.
Immersion burns - ----Answerss----the depth of the burn is uniform and there are "water lines" and possible bruising on the child where they were held into the liquid
Sparing - ----Answerss----describing what a child does when their hand is forcibly inserted into a burning liquid. They will close their hand to "spare" the inside of the palm.
Spill/splash injuries - ----Answerss----hot liquid falls onto child
Shaking baby syndrome (SBS) - ----Answerss----normally occurs after incessant crying, baby shook back and forth resulting in lazy affect in the eyes and blue lips. Child could have been struck or slammed into a hard object after the shaking. Average age of SBS victim is 6 months old.
School Threat assessment - ----Answerss----rests on two principals: Threatener are unlikely to carry out their threat, and all threats and all threateners aren't equal.
Strong armed robbery - ----Answerss----no weapon used, makes up 42% of robberies
Street robberies - ----Answerss----5/10 robberies happen on the street - 93% of the time the victim is alone, on their way home from a leisure activity, within 5 miles of their home
Direct evidence - ----Answerss----statements from victims/witnesses
Real evidence - ----Answerss----the gun, the knife, etc.
Demonstrative - ----Answerss----maps, diagrams, sketches, photographs, etc
Circumstantial - ----Answerss----infers from a series of known facts the existence of an unknown fact
Corpus delicti - ----Answerss----Prosecution must show that a crime occurred, CD is all the elements of the crime
Judicial notice - ----Answerss----when something is not disputed as a fact in a trial
H U - TACK - ----Answerss----human - tactical - affective - conceptual - knowledge
Time a Supervisor Spends Solving Conflict - ----Answerss--- -73% of the time
Traits of a Good Supervisor - ----Answerss----commitment, independence, mutual trust, optimism, and equality
Most important task of a supervisor in regard to communication - ----Answerss----providing feedback to subordinates regarding their job performance.
one-way communication - ----Answerss----does not allow criticism from subordinates, good for when compliance is imperative, Speed is important
two way communication - ----Answerss----improves accuracy allows the recipient to ask questions about the
Expectancy theory - ----Answerss----If I put in a good effort, I'll expect good performance. If I perform well, I'll have a good outcome.
Equity theory - ----Answerss----All employees feel like they should be treated equally
How to motivate - ----Answerss----Positive reinforcement, Issue consequences, but not all the time, Be consistent and continuous, Praise the positive, Be constructive
Trust - ----Answerss----A byproduct of integrity and ethical conduct that will build a cooperative working environment
3 Ways a leader can affect subordinates - ----Answerss---- Consultative, Directive, Participative
Traditional Supervisory Style - ----Answerss----Task oriented, Expect quantitative date from officers, Give specific, instructions and takes over calls, Punishment and control prevails
Supportive Supervisory Style - ----Answerss----Praise, counsel, not concerned as much about rules/regs/paperwork, Protector rather than supporter
Innovative Supervisory Style - ----Answerss----Encouraging, Progressive, Delegates decision making, Work with public
Active Supervisory Style - ----Answerss----Lead by example
Social roles within a group - ----Answerss----Enforcer, Scapegoat, Devil's advocate, Leader, Follower, Facilitator
Horizontal clique - ----Answerss----Normally made up of supervisors that become defensive over new policies that affect patrol function
Random clique - ----Answerss----No real reason for them to congregate other than friendship
Vertical clique - ----Answerss----Normally between first line supervisor and subordinates
Law enforcement norms - ----Answerss----Loyalty, Secrecy, Danger, Isolation, Performance
B L O W Concept - ----Answerss----Be part of the cause, Lend a hand, Obey the rules, Work in partnership
"Groupthink" - ----Answerss----Limited number of possible solutions presented to a problem by group that agrees the process is more important than the results and alternative solutions just get in the way and are ignored. Best way to
Central Tendency - ----Answerss----when supervisors lack employee data, safest thing to do is put them in the middle or "average" category - penalizes competent, awards less than satisfactory
Halo effect - ----Answerss----allows one criterion to affect the overall rating of the employee
Bias - ----Answerss----supervisors award employees they like, or are compatible with
Contrast - ----Answerss----emotion based evaluation based on what the supervisor likes, not what the employee is doing
Recency - ----Answerss----too focused on recent behavior of employee
Remediation - ----Answerss----Could be retraining, disciplinary action, or separation/termination
42 USC 1983 - ----Answerss----Federal law holding law enforcement accountable to upholding citizen's rights, and allows civil suits to be filed to punish officers/agencies for violations
Counseling styles - ----Answerss----Directive - easiest way to approach in the moment, easily corrected behavior, and
Nondirective - climate is created where growth and development and ownership, and a combination therein - ---- Answerss----
Discipline is designed to promote - ----Answerss---- Obedience, Internal self control, and acceptance of punishments to curb individual deviance or misconduct
Tqm - Total quality management - ----Answerss---- Technique designed to assist in developing a positive performance oriented culture. Empowers employees to become partners.
"Hot stove rule" - ----Answerss----Discipline is immediate - like touching a hot stove. The employee knew the rule - the stove is hot. Discipline is consistent - as the burn. Discipline is impersonal - doesn't matter who touched it, its hot.
Garrity protection - ----Answerss----Whenever an employee is required to Answers questions in an internal investigation
Garrity Protection - ----Answerss----the employer cannot use information provided by the employee in a criminal procedure.
Erudites - ----Answerss----know-it-alls
Tyrants - ----Answerss----no respect, love control, intimidate, threaten
Defeatists - ----Answerss----hate change, complain, disruptive,
Manipulators - ----Answerss----do unethical things to gain advantage
Indecisives - ----Answerss----impervious to praise or punishment, procrastinate, stay neutral
Fitness for duty evaluation - ----Answerss----Must be consented by evaluatee. Tests emotional and psychological stability. Criterion for evaluation is unstable, and possible hazard to him/herself or others, or organization.
Civil rights act of 1964 - ----Answerss----Prohibits discrimination based on national origin, race, creed, sex, age, ethnicity.
TERRY V. OHIO (1968) - ----Answerss----Officer may stop/ detain if articulable reasonable suspicion exists based on officer observations. Officer may frisk/ pat down if they make the determination that the officer is in danger. Prevents
unlawful stop and frisk without the presence of reasonable suspicion.
MAPP V. OHIO (1961) - ----Answerss----Exclusionary rule - Similar to fruit of poisonous tree, anything criminal found from an unlawful search and seizure cannot be used as evidence.
TENESSEE V. GARNER (1985) - ----Answerss---- UNCONSTITUTIONAL to use DEADLY FORCE against someone where probable cause doesn't exist the suspect poses a threat of death or SBI to officer or others.
GRAHAM V. CONNOR (1989) - ----Answerss----Use of force and "objective reasonableness" standard - officer's actions are to be looked at from the perspective of a reasonable officer at the scene. G v. C looks at police situations as "rapidly evolving" and that officers need to make "split-second" decisions. Also did the officers act in "good faith" rather than sadistically or maliciously.
ARIZONA V. GANT - ----Answerss----Can search the passenger compartment of a vehicle if arrestee is within arms reach of passenger compartment. Also can search vehicle if reasonable suspicion exists there are fruits of the crime within.
Sir Robert Peel - ----Answerss----1829 father of modern policing
