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Physics 111 General Physics I: Final Exam Formula Sheet
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Physics 111 General Physics I Final Exam Formula Sheet speed (^) ave = distance/ ∆t Linear Motion (Constant a): Rotational Motion (Constant α): v (^) ave = ∆x / ∆t = (v (^) i + v (^) f ) / 2 ωave = ∆θ / ∆t = (ωi + ωf ) / 2 aave = ∆v / ∆t αave = ∆ω / ∆t
v = v (^) i + a t ω = ωi + α t v (^) f^2 – v (^) i^2 = 2 a ∆x ωf^2 – ωi^2 = 2 α ∆θ ∆x = v (^) ave t = (v (^) i + v (^) f ) t /2 ∆θ = ωave t = (ωi + ωf ) t / 2 ∆x = v (^) i t + ½ a t 2 ∆θ = ωi t + ½ α t 2 F net = m a τnet = I α
Uniform Circular Motion: Projectile Motion: acp = v 2 / R= ω 2 / R x = x 0 + v (^) 0,x t F (^) cp = m v 2 / R = m ω 2 / R y = y 0 + v (^) 0,y t – ½ g t 2
Forces: Work, Energy and Power: F net = m a K = ½ mv 2 f (^) k = μ (^) k N Ug = mgh f (^) s ≤ μ (^) s N U (^) spring = ½ k ∆x 2 F spring = – k ∆x W (^) net = ∆K = F parallel d = Fd cos θ F g = Gm 1 m 2 / r 2 W (^) non-conservative = ∆(K + U) = ∆ E G = 6.67 × 10 -11^ N·m 2 /kg 2 E= K + U = constant , if W (^) non-conservative = g = 9.81 m/s 2 P = W / t
Quadratic Formula: Center of Mass: x = – b ± √ (b 2 – 4ac) r CoM = ( ∑mi r i ) / ( ∑ mi ) 2a v CoM = ( ∑mi v i ) / ( ∑ mi ) = p (^) system / ( ∑ mi )
Momentum and Impulse: Angular Momentum: p = m v L = I ω I = ∆ p = F average t I (^) particles= ∑mi r (^) i^2 τ = F r┴ If F extenal = 0 , p (^) system = ∑mi v i =constant τnet =∆L / ∆t = I α (collisions) If τextenal = 0 , L system = ∑ I ω =constant
Linear & Rotational Variables: s = R ∆θ v = R ω constant speed rotation: T = 2 π R/v = 2π / ω atan = R α
Sound and waves: Simple Harmonic Motion: v (^) sound in air = 340 m/s T = 2π √(m/k) (mass on a spring) I = Energy /(Area*t) = Power / Area T = 2π √(L/g) (simple pendulum) Intensity ~ Amplitude^2 f = 1 / T β = (10 dB) log (I / I 0 ) ω = 2 π f =2 π /T I 0 = 10 -12^ W/m^2 E=½ k A 2 v = λf x=A cos(ωt); v= – A ω sin(ωt) f = 1 / T F= – kx; a=F/m= – A ω^2 cos(ωt) v (^) wave on string = √(F / μ), μ = m/L K=½ m v 2 = ½ K A 2 sin 2 (ωt) Nth^ Harmonic wavelength on a string: NλN =2L U=½ k x 2 = ½ k A^2 cos 2 (ωt) Nth^ Harmonic frequency on a string: fN =Nv/2L v (^) max= A ω ; amax= A ω^2
Doppler Effect:
P = F / A Thermodynamics: Fluids: ∆L = α L 0 ∆T ρ = m / V ∆V = β V 0 ∆T, for solid β =3 α P = P (^) atm + ρgh Q = C ∆T = m c (Tf –Ti ) P (^) atm = 1.013 × 10 5 Pa 1 cal = 4.186 J; 1Cal=1000 cal F (^) b = ρfluid V\sub g Qconduction / t = k A (∆T/L) A1v 1 = A 2 v 2 Qradiation / t = e σ Α (T^4 –T^4 surrounding ) P + ½ρv 2 + ρgy = constant Heat needed for phase change Q = m L
Temperature Conversions: ∆S= ∆Q/T T=TK = TC + 273.15 Heat Engine: TC = (5/9) [T (^) F – 32] W = Q (^) h – Q (^) c TF = (9/5) TC + 32 e = W / Q (^) h = 1– Qc / Qh ≤ e (^) max = 1– Tc / T (^) h Carnot’s Engine: Q (^) c / Qh = Tc / Th Refrigerator or Heat Pump: W = Qh – Q (^) c = Q (^) h (1– Qc / Qh) Ideal Heat pump: Qc / Qh = Tc / Th Ideal Gas Law: COP = Qc / W or COP=Qh / W PV = NkT = nRT R = 8.31 J / (mol·K) k = 1.38 × 10 –23^ J/K Uinternal = (3/2) NkT =(3/2) nRT ∆ Uinternal =Q – W W=P ∆V