PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY | DRG | Page 1
PRELIMS
Lesson 1: Introduction to Chemistry
What has chemistry done for us?
- Anaesthetics (Local, Generalize)
- Antibiotics
- Batteries
- Birth Control
- Catalytic Converters
- Fertilizers
- Fuels
- Plastics
- Screens
- Water Treatment
Branches of Chemistry
● Organic Chemistry
- deals with the reaction of the study of most carbon-containing
compounds
● Inorganic Chemistry
- the study of all substances not classified as organic, mainly those
compounds that do not contain carbon
● Physical Chemistry
- the study of the structure of matter, energy, changes, and the
laws, principles and theories that govern the transformation of
matter and their relations.
● Analytical Chemistry
- the identification, separation, and quantitative determination of
the components of different molecules.
● Biochemistry
- specializes in the study of substances and processes occurring in
living things.
● Theoretical Chemistry
- the use of Mathematics and computers to understand the
principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and
predict the properties of the compounds.
● Agrochemistry
- deals with the application of chemistry for agricultural
production, food processing and environmental remediation.
● Astrochemistry
- study of composition and reactions of the chemical elements and
molecules founding the stars and in the space and of the
interactions between this matter and radiation.
● Cluster Chemistry
- involves the study of the cluster of branched atoms, intermediate
in size between single molecules and bulk solids.
● Combinational Chemistry
- is the chemistry associated with soil, air and water and of the
human impact on natural systems.
● Geochemistry
- study of chemical composition and chemical processes
associated with the Earth and other planets.
● Green Chemistry
- concerned with the processes and products that eliminate or
reduce the use of hazardous substances.
● Medical Chemistry
- chemistry as it applies to pharmacology and medicine.
● Nuclear Chemistry
- is a branch of chemistry associated with nuclear reactions and
isotopes.
● Photochemistry
- is a branch of chemistry concerned with the interaction between
light and matter
History of Chemistry
- Prior to 1000 B.C., processing of natural ores(dolomite) to produce metals
for ornaments and weapons and the use of embalming fluids are already
being used.
History
- Ancient civilizations and technologies formed the various branches of
Chemistry, and has applied to in several ways:
- The Greek philosophers were the first to formulate theories about the
behavior of matter.
- By about 400 B.C. they had proposed that all matter was composed of four
fundamental substances: fire, earth, water, and air
- “whether matter is continuous, and thus infinitely divisible into smaller
pieces, or composed of small, indivisible particles…
- The latter was supported by Demokritos of Abdera (c. 460–c. 370 B.C.) and
Leucippos, who used the term atomos (which later became atoms) to
describe these ultimate particles.
- Experimental Chemistry originated from alchemy, a mystical chemistry
devoted to things such as converting common metal into gold. The
philosophers called the followers of alchemy as alchemists.
- Alchemy was referred to as a pseudoscience
History
● Pythagoras (530 B.C.)
- believed that the earth is spherical in shape and rotated an axis
once a day.
● Aristotle (384-323 B.C.)
- held that the elements Fire, Water, Air, and Earth were the
building blocks of all substances.
- recognized that most ordinary, material things are composed of
multiple substances, although he thought that some of them
could be composed of a single, pure substance.
● Archimedes (287-212 B.C.)
- discovered the laws concerning pulleys, levers and of floating
bodies which in turn gave rise to the concepts of density and
specific gravity.
- “Law of Buoyancy”
● Hero of Alexandria (A.D. 62-150)
- whose main work was devoted to describing gaseous behavior
and in many respects anticipated the kinetic molecular theory
Modern Chemistry
- development of systematic metallurgy (extraction of metals from ores) by a
German, Georgius Agricola [aka Georg Bauer] (1494–1555)
- medicinal application of minerals by a Swiss alchemist/physician known as
Paracelsus [1493–1541]
- Philippus Aureolius Theophrastus Bombastus Von Hohenheim
● Robert Boyle (1627-1691)
- carefully measured the relationship between the pressure and
volume of air.
- Published his book “The Skeptical Chymist” in 1661, paving way to
give birth the quantitative sciences of physics and chemistry
- Boyle’s Law (P1V1 = P2V2)
- The phenomenon of combustion evoked intense interest in the 17th and 18th
centuries.
- Georg Stahl (1660–1734) suggested that a substance he called “phlogiston”
flowed out of the burning material.
- Phlogiston = Oxygen
● Joseph Priestly (1733-1804)
- an English clergyman and scientist discovered oxygen and was
found to support vigorous combustion and was thus supposed to
be low in phlogiston
- By the late 18th century, combustion had been studied extensively; the gases
carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen had been discovered; and
the list of elements continued to grow
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY - ANTIPOLO
COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
