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MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 1 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President
Personality Traits and Coping
Mechanisms of Non Suicidal Self
Harming Students
Arellano Neil Darren D.
Sablawon, Nobeah C.
Researchers
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 2 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President Abstract This study looks into the complex interaction between personality factors and coping mechanisms in non-suicidal self-harming students. The study seeks to provide a full examination of this complicated phenomena by focusing on comprehending the demographic profile, common personal attributes, behavioral manifestations, and affecting factors. Furthermore, the study investigates the mental health concerns that non-suicidal self-harming students confront, as well as their coping techniques in response to recognized challenges. The researchers aim to give nuanced insights that can inform targeted interventions and support systems for this vulnerable population through a thorough analysis of these factors. The findings have the potential to improve our understanding of non-suicidal self-harming behavior and help to create effective preventive and therapeutic measures in school settings. Background of the Study This baffling deed of purposeful self-harm lacking suicidal aim, which has arrive to be distinguished as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), has drawn escalating inquisitiveness inside specifically the student community as it arrives progressively into the highlight. This behavior, which encompasses a spread of activities including self-cutting, burning, or striking alone, is commonly used as an ill-adaptive technique for handling emotional torment. Understanding the self-harming behaviors some students adopt is crucial, since these acts potentially endanger their psychological wellbeing by exacerbating underlying mental health struggles. Analyzing how personality traits and coping strategies relate to self-harming behaviors proves paramount
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 4 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President underreported due to the ratio of guidance counsellor to student ratio of 1 guidance counsellor per 2040 students (1:240). According to Philippine Guidance and Counselling Association Inc. the ratio should be 1 guidance counsellor per 500 students (1:500). The researchers still think that the Philippine Guidance and Counselling Association Inc. suggestion of its ideal ratio is still not ideal. The researchers believe that the American School Counselling Association is the ideal ratio. They suggest that there should be 1 guidance counsellor per 250 students (1:250). Students are increasingly engaging in non-suicidal self-harming behaviors such as cutting or burning. Understanding these students' personality features and coping processes is critical for various reasons. To begin, there is a disturbing increase in such behavior, stressing the importance of investigating relevant variables. The reasons for self-harm vary, causing personalized support. Unfortunately, thorough research in this field is lacking. Understanding these characteristics and coping techniques can help to inform evidence-based therapy and preventative initiatives, which are in line with educational institutions' goals of fostering student well-being. In studying this vulnerable group, ethical considerations are critical. Purpose This study aims to identify personality traits and coping strategies employed to the non- suicidal self-harming students. Specifically, it will give light to the following sub-problems:
- What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of: 1.1 sex
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 5 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President 1.2 age 1.3 type of family 1.4 year level 1.5 family income
- What common personal qualities are displayed by non-suicidal self-harming students?
- What are common behavioral manifestations of non-suicidal self-harming students?
- What factors influence the participants to commit self-harm?
- What issues are experienced by non-suicidal self-harming students concerning their mental health?
- How do the non-suicidal self-harming students cope with the challenges identified concerning their mental health? Theoretical Framework Understanding depression and avoiding self-harm are critical imperatives in contemporary mental health discourse, considering the substantial impact these issues have on individual and society well-being. Depression, a common mental health disease, casts a broad and complex shadow on thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. The perilous issue of self-harm is inextricably related to depression, an expression of anguish that requires immediate
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 7 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President underlying factors driving self-harming behaviors among students, ultimately informing the development of targeted interventions and support strategies to address this complex issue. Guiding the exploration of personality traits and coping mechanisms among non-suicidal self- harming (NSSI) students is the psychodynamic theory. This theoretical perspective delves into the unconscious dynamics and internal conflicts that shape individuals' behaviors. In this context, NSSI is seen as a potential manifestation of unresolved unconscious conflicts rooted in early life experiences. According to psychodynamic theory by Sigmund Frued, individuals may deploy maladaptive defense mechanisms, with NSSI serving as a temporary release from overwhelming emotions and an expression of unresolved pain. The theory places a significant emphasis on emotional regulation, considering NSSI as a means for individuals to modulate intense emotions that may be challenging to articulate consciously. Attachment theory, an integral component of psychodynamic theory, highlights the impact of early relationships on psychological development, linking disruptions in attachment patterns to difficulties in emotion regulation and coping. Moreover, the psychodynamic perspective enriches the understanding of NSSI by exploring psychosexual development, symbolic meanings, and the dynamics of transference and countertransference within therapeutic relationships. This perspective offers a nuanced exploration of NSSI, acknowledging the depth and complexity of unconscious influences on personality traits and coping mechanisms. Literature Survey Exploring the landscape of personality traits in non-suicidal self-harming students involves a comprehensive examination of existing research on the psychological dimensions of individuals involved in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This investigation aims to offer a thorough
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 8 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President overview of the diverse personality traits identified among students engaged in self-harming behaviors, unraveling the intricate connections between individual characteristics and the expression of non-suicidal self-harm. Through an in-depth analysis of available studies, this exploration seeks to unveil patterns and distinctions in personality profiles, contributing to a nuanced comprehension of factors influencing individuals to partake in NSSI. By synthesizing current research findings, this examination sets the stage for the study's research questions and methodology, fostering a foundational understanding essential for a targeted exploration of personality traits and coping mechanisms in the realm of non-suicidal self-harming students. The phenomenon of non-suicidal self-harm (NSSI) among students, characterized by deliberate self-inflicted harm without suicidal intent, has garnered increasing attention in recent years. This behavior, which may manifest through actions like cutting, burning, or hitting oneself, serves as a complex and multifaceted response to emotional distress. One key aspect that demands exploration within this context is the relationship between personality traits and the coping mechanisms employed by self-harming students. Understanding the intricate interplay between personality traits and coping mechanisms in the context of self-harming students is essential for several reasons. It not only sheds light on the underlying psychological factors contributing to NSSI but also holds the potential to inform the development of tailored interventions and support systems. As NSSI becomes a growing concern within educational settings, it is imperative to delve into the intricate web of personality traits and coping strategies to provide students with the help they need.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 10 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President connections among family members and strained family interactions contribute significantly to NSSI incidence. Adolescents exhibiting self-injury behaviors often grapple with emotional difficulties stemming primarily from family conflicts. Moreover, cold parent-child relationships and intra-family discord increase the likelihood of NSSI among adolescents, emphasizing the importance of nurturing positive familial bonds in various family therapy interventions. Attention to family psychological functions, the improvement of family member interactions, and empowering families in this regard can enhance the effectiveness of NSSI prevention programs during adolescence. Furthermore, a dearth of perceived social support amplifies the likelihood of NSSI among adolescents. Individuals with self-injurious behaviors tend to perceive lower levels of social support, resorting to various self-harming methods. A significant correlation exists between perceived social support and the incidence of NSSI. Notably, both family and friends serve as primary sources of social support. Individuals with NSSI tendencies often report limited social support from family members, which, in turn, heightens their vulnerability to engaging in NSSI behaviors. It is worth noting that the impact of social support from friends and peers may vary among adolescents. For some, peer support may reduce the incidence of NSSI, while for others, it might paradoxically increase the risk, highlighting the intricate dynamics of social support within this context. Zhensong Lan (2022), states that the presence of academic stress exerts an adverse influence on the engagement of adolescents in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors. Counteractively factors such as self-efficacy and parental support hold the potential to mitigate the detrimental impact of stress on NSSI behaviors among adolescents. However, it remains crucial to tailor parental support to match the varying levels of self-efficacy exhibited by adolescents.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 11 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President J Res Health Sci. (2020), adds that Using principal component analysis (PCA), students' socioeconomic status was estimated based on their father's education, mother's education, household assets (including durable goods such as refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, dishwashers, microwaves, vacuum cleaners, computers, cars, and so on), living place, and household income. We employed polychoric PCA in this work since the data in PCA are quantitative. The kids were divided into five equal degrees of socioeconomic status based on their PCA scores: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. They also say that low levels of psychological functioning in families and a lack of social support can dramatically increase the likelihood of adolescents having NSSI. As a result, special consideration should be given to these aspects in the establishment of suitable preventative initiatives during the adolescent age. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling (2021) some study aimed to explore the perception of the student about self harm and to know more about self- harming. There are ten individuals, where semi-structured interviews happen and use thematic analysis. The perception of students was characterized by the number of themes, which include the global and local culture, also judgment in relation to behaviors and people and also defined self-harm. In findings, it suggested that the current definitions of self - harm incorporate emotional pain in their explanation to deeply understand the self - harm. The exploration of personality traits in non-suicidal self-harming students spans various dimensions and encompasses a multifaceted landscape. Existing research has delved into the psychological intricacies of individuals engaged in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse personality traits exhibited among students
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 13 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President Zhensong Lan's findings in 2022 emphasize the adverse impact of academic stress on NSSI engagement among adolescents. Factors such as self-efficacy and parental support can potentially mitigate the negative effects of stress, highlighting the need for tailored support based on varying levels of self-efficacy. In J Res Health Sci. (2020), socioeconomic status, measured through principal component analysis, is identified as a contributing factor to NSSI. Low psychological functioning in families and a lack of social support significantly increase the likelihood of adolescents engaging in NSSI. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling (2021) brings a qualitative perspective, exploring students' perceptions of self-harm through semi-structured interviews. Themes such as global and local culture, judgments related to behaviors and individuals, and the definition of self-harm emerge, providing insights into the complex understanding of NSSI. This thematic exploration sets the stage for the study's research questions and methodology, laying the groundwork for a targeted investigation into the personality traits and coping mechanisms of non-suicidal self-harming students.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 14 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President Synthesis The examination of personality traits in non-suicidal self-harming students delves into a multifaceted landscape, synthesizing existing research on the psychological dimensions of individuals engaged in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This comprehensive overview aims to unravel the intricate connections between individual characteristics and the expression of NSSI, shedding light on the underlying factors influencing individuals to engage in self-harm. Studies, as discussed in Compr Psychiatry (2018), reveal gender-related differences in NSSI behavior, emphasizing earlier onset in females and higher frequencies in males. BMC Psychiatry (2022) highlights the significance of age at initiation and the duration of self-harm, influencing the frequency of subsequent NSSI episodes and the risk of a first suicide attempt. Younger age at onset and prolonged self-harm are linked to a higher likelihood of repeated suicide attempts. The family's role, as emphasized in JRHS (2020), is pivotal, with family dysfunction and strained interactions increasing the likelihood of NSSI among adolescents. Perceived social support from family and friends plays a significant role, with limited support correlating with higher vulnerability to NSSI. Significance of the Research
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 16 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President In this study, personality traits are operationally defined as measurable characteristics representing enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, including but not limited to dimensions such as extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness. These traits will be assessed using established psychological assessment tools, allowing for quantifiable data on participants' unique psychological profiles.
2. Coping Mechanisms: Coping mechanisms, for the purpose of this research, are operationally defined as observable strategies, methods, or approaches employed by individuals to manage and adapt to challenges, stressors, and emotional distress. The study will categorize coping mechanisms into adaptive and maladaptive strategies based on participants' responses to standardized questionnaires and structured interviews, providing tangible insights into their coping repertoire. 3. Self-Harming Students: Self-harming students, within the scope of this investigation, are operationally defined as individuals within the student population who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). NSSI, in turn, is operationally defined as the intentional, self-inflicted harm individuals inflict upon themselves without the intention of ending their lives. Identification of self-harming students will
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 17 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President be based on reported instances of NSSI behaviors through participant self-reports and corroborative evidence.
4. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI): Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is operationally defined in this study as the deliberate and intentional infliction of harm upon oneself without the primary goal of ending one's life. NSSI behaviors encompass a range of actions, including cutting, burning, hitting, or biting oneself. The operationalization of NSSI will involve detailed assessments of reported incidents through self-reports, interviews, and potentially corroborative information when available. Scope and Limitation of the Study The research study focuses on the personality traits and coping mechanisms of non- suicidal self-harming students in MSEUF-CI.The interview will be conducted in collaboration with Office of Students Affairs. The gathered data would only come from students who have been identified by the Office of Student Affairs that are actively inflicting self injury but are not suicidal. These students should be enrolled only in the present school year (S.Y. 2023- 2024). This study will not cover other traits that are not related to non-suicidal self-harming. The interview questionnaire, which the researchers created will be the primary source of data. It aims to expose and figure out personality traits nonsuicidal self harming students. Along with that they would have an informed consent and a parental consent if the participant is below 18.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 19 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President This study adopts an explanatory mixed-methods research design to thoroughly explore the intricate relationship between personality traits and coping mechanisms among non-suicidal self-harming (NSSH) students. The research ensures ethical considerations by obtaining informed consent from all participants, with additional parental consent for those under 18, providing detailed information about the study's purpose and procedures. In the qualitative phase, a purposive sample of NSSH students will engage in in-depth interviews to delve into their lived experiences, emotional states, and perceptions related to self- harming behaviors. The interviews will be semi-structured, allowing participants to express their thoughts on personality traits and coping strategies. To maintain accuracy, all interviews will be recorded, transcribed, and anonymized, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the data. For the quantitative component, standardized psychometric assessments, such as the Big- personality test, will be employed to measure specific personality traits, focusing on neuroticism, within a broader sample of NSSH students. Additionally, a survey instrument will be developed to quantify the frequency and nature of coping mechanisms. The sequential integration of qualitative and quantitative data through an explanatory design enhances the overall understanding of the complex interplay between personality traits and coping mechanisms in NSSH students. The results obtained from this methodologically rigorous approach will contribute valuable insights for both academic understanding and the development of targeted interventions. Participants
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Lucena City An Autonomous University DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE QUALITY FORM Document Title: Undergraduate Research Proposal Form Page No.: 20 of 31 Revision No.: 1 Effectivity Date: August 2022 Prepared by: DCAVRKMI Reviewed by: QMR Approved by: President This research focuses on the nuanced exploration of personality traits and coping mechanisms among a specific group of non-suicidal self-harming (NSSH) students at Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Candelaria Inc. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a comprehensive understanding. The participant pool for this study comprises seven individuals, including both male and female students aged 18 and above. In the quantitative phase, participants will undergo assessments using standardized questionnaires, notably the Big-5 personality test. This structured approach aims to quantify personality traits, with a particular focus on neuroticism. The data collected from the seven participants will undergo statistical analysis to identify patterns and correlations between specific personality traits and distinct coping mechanisms. Within the qualitative component, a subset of the seven NSSH students will be selected for in-depth, semi-structured interviews. This personalized approach delves into individual narratives, experiences, and perspectives related to self-harm, offering rich insights into the role of personality traits in coping strategies. The interviews with the seven participants will be recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to provide a holistic understanding of the subjective experiences of these NSSH students. This research maintains an exploratory stance, aiming to uncover the intricate dynamics between personality traits and coping mechanisms in the specific context of seven NSSH students. The integration of both quantitative and qualitative data ensures a comprehensive
