Animal Development & Tissues: Overview of Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm & Specialized, Slides of Biology

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Parts and

Functions of

Animals

• During the last billion years of evolution, animals probably originated from a group of PROTIST called CHOANOFLAGGELLATES.
• CHOANOFLAGELLATES (PROTIST) - indisguishable from a collar cell sponge. Similar collar cells are present in some cnidarians, flatworms and echinoderms.

THINK

Parts of Animals can be better

understood if we traced its

development. Sperms fertilized eggs

and the resulting zygote undergoes

development by subsequent mitotic

divisions or cleavage.

BONE ANIMAL SPECIALIZED TISSUES MUSCLE CONNECTIVE EPITHELIUM

Simple Epithelium - consist of one layer cells. If there are two pr more layers of cells, it is called stratified

CONNECTIVE TISSUES

RED BLOOD CELLS - supplies oxygen to all body cells WHITE BLOOD CELLS - fight invading bacteria and viruses. PLATELETS - important in blood clotting.

PLASMA - serves to transport nutrients throughout the body. Carries hormones secreted by the endocrine glands for proper metabolic, vitamins, important compunds and ions.

maybe loose or dense. Both contains cells, fibers and ground substance. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE - has more layers of protein fibers, such as collagen, reticulin and elastin. EXAMPLES : Tendons and Ligaments

are very unique to animals MUSCLE CELLS & NERVE CELLS

• MUSCLE CELLS (MUSCLE FIBER) - is the basic unit in muscular contraction. It contains the proteins actin and myosin.
• NERVOUS SYSTEM - the basic unit is the neuron or nerve cell.

• Some animals have a RADIAL SYMMETRY like in sea anemones.
• Humans have BILATERAL SYMMETRY with left and right sides.

DORSAL SIDE - the top side. VENTRAL SIDE - refers to the bottom side ANTERIOR SIDE - the front end (with head and neck) POSTERIOR SIDE - the back end.