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PALS Exam 2024 {50 Questions and Answers}
1. True or False: Shock may occur with a normal, increased, or decreased systemic arterial pressure. Your Answer: True CORRECT 2. True or False: Respiratory failure or shock is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children and infants. Your Answer: True CORRECT 3. True or False: Early signs of obstructive shock always resemble distributive shock. Your Answer: False CORRECT 4. True or False: Full neurological recovery is never a challenge after cardiac arrest. Your Answer: False CORRECT 5. True or False: When treating obstructive shock, you should focus on diagnosing and correcting the cause. Your Answer: True CORRECT 6. True or False: Atrial flutter is a very common heart rhythm in children. Your Answer: True INCORRECT - RIGHT ANSWER: FALSE 7. True or False: Cardiopulmonary arrest is a common result of respiratory failure and shock. Your Answer: True CORRECT 8. True or False: Distended neck veins on physical examination may indicate ineffective cardiac function. Your Answer: True CORRECT 9. The initial assessment consists of assessing all of the following EXCEPT: o Deformity o Breathing o Consciousness o Color CORRECT 10. All of the following assessments are included in the initial assessment EXCEPT:
o Breathing o Cardiac arrest o Exposure o Airway INCORRECT - RIGHT ANSWER: CARDIAC ARREST
11. In assessing level of responsiveness, the AVPU scale consists of all of the following ratings EXCEPT: o Airway o Voice o Alert o Unresponsive CORRECT 12. Hypoxemia^ can^ be^ indicated^ in a^ child^ when^ a^ room^ air^ SpO 2 reading is less (^) than. o 94% o 90% o 97% o 88% CORRECT 13. Which of the following symptoms demonstrate increased work of breathing? o Grunting o Nasal flaring o Use of accessory thoracic muscles o All of the above CORRECT 14. Abnormal breath sounds associated with upper airway obstruction include: o Crackles o Stridor o Decreased breath sounds o Absent breath sounds CORRECT 15. Croup medications used for treatment are the following:
o Obstructive shock o Distributive shock o Hypovolemic shock CORRECT
21. Effectiveness of fluid resuscitation and medication therapy should be frequently monitored by which of the following? o Heart rate o Blood pressure o Mental status o All of the above CORRECT 22. For fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock, give about of crystalloid for every of blood lost. o 2 mL, 3 mL o 3 mL, 1 mL o 3 mL, 2 mL o 1 mL, 3 mL CORRECT 23. What is caused by an accumulation of blood in the pericardial space that results in impaired systemic venous return, impaired ventricular filling, and reduced cardiac output? o Tension pneumothorax o Cardiac tamponade o Ductal-dependent congenital heart lesions o Massive pulmonary embolism CORRECT 24. If bradycardia (heart rate less than 60 beats per minute) with a pulse is associated with cardiopulmonary compromise despite effective oxygenation and ventilation, what is the next step in management? o Administer atropine. o Perform CPR. o Administer epinephrine. o Consider cardiac pacing. CORRECT
25. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT: o Accessory pathway reentry o AV nodal reentry o Ectopic atrial focus o Long QT syndromes CORRECT 26. What is the initial drug of choice for SVT treatment? o Atropine o Amiodarone o Adenosine o Procainamide CORRECT 27. Drugs that can be administered down the endotracheal (ET) tube include all of the following EXCEPT: o Adenosine o Lidocaine o Epinephrine o Atropine CORRECT 28. Antiarrhythmics that may be considered in the VF/VT algorithm include which of the following? o Amiodarone o Atropine o Magnesium o All of the above INCORRECT - RIGHT ANSWER: AMIODARONE 29. In an individual with ventricular fibrillation (VF), what should occur immediately following a shock? o Analyze rhythm. o Resume CPR. o Administer epinephrine. o Check pulse. CORRECT
o Normal urine output CORRECT
35. Which statement about tachycardia is NOT correct? o Tachycardia may be a normal, non-dangerous heart rate in response to stress or anxiety. o Sinus tachycardia is commonly a dangerous rhythm that can quickly deteriorate to cardiac arrest. o A heart rate of 175 bpm is within normal range for a child up to two. o A normal heart rate for an infant may be twice as fast as a normal heart rate for an older child. CORRECT 36. When should cardiac pacing be administered to an individual with symptomatic bradycardia with a pulse? o If the individual does not respond to CPR o If the individual does not respond to CPR and pharmacological support o None of the above o If the bradycardia is the result of a complete heart block or an abnormal sinus node function CORRECT 37. Uninterrupted chest compressions are critical when treating individuals in cardiac arrest. You should only interrupt chest compressions to do the following: o Administer medications. o Evaluate cardiac rhythm and administer shocks. o Obtain central IV access o Place an endotracheal tube. CORRECT 38. Which medication is used for the treatment of metabolic acidosis? o Magnesium sulfate o Sodium chloride o Sodium bicarbonate o Milrinone CORRECT
39. Which of the following is true regarding ventilation during suctioning? o The patient is not receiving 100% oxygen during suctioning. o Interrupt suctioning and administer oxygen if indicated. o Suctioning is essential to maintain a patent airway. o All of the above CORRECT 40. Which statement about sinus bradycardia is correct? o Sinus bradycardia is never a normal rhythm. o Sinus bradycardia may be an abnormal heart rate resulting from a pathological condition. o Sinus bradycardia often is the result of increased metabolic demand. o Sinus bradycardia always originates at the AV node. CORRECT 41. Which statement about hydrocortisone is NOT correct? o Hydrocortisone cannot be used for adrenal insufficiency associated with septic shock. o Hydrocortisone is classified as a corticosteroid. o A common side effect is hyperglycemia. o Hydrocortisone inhibits vascular leak due to proinflammatory mediators. INCORRECT - RIGHT ANSWER: HYDROCORTISONE CANNOT BE USED FOR ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY ASSOCIATED WITH SEPTIC SHOCK. 42. Amiodarone is indicated for all of the following EXCEPT: o Sinus tachycardia o Ventricular fibrillation o Pulseless arrest o Supraventricular tachycardia INCORRECT - RIGHT ANSWER: SINUS TACHYCARDIA 43. All of the following are signs of upper airway obstruction EXCEPT: o Stridor o Grunting o Wheezing o Croup
CORRECT
49. When can post-resuscitation management be necessary? o After cardiac arrest o After severe shock o After respiratory failure o All of the above CORRECT 50. Which of the following is NOT a sign of poor end-organ perfusion? o Skin color o Hypertension o Inadequate urine production o Irritability CORRECT
