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ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Exam Questions with 100% verified solutions 2024 3 major phases of cell division: Interphase Mitotic phase Cytokinesis
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3 major phases of cell division: Interphase Mitotic phase Cytokinesi s 3 steps of interphase: First growth phase (G1) Synthesis phase (S phase) Second growth phase (G2) 4 phases of mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Innate immunity: Non-specific response, either:
Define dose density Drug dose per unit of time Define dose intensity Amount of drug delivered over time How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen How do alkylating agents work? By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death 3 subcategories of alkylating agents:
Common platinum-based agents: Cisplatin (Platinol) Carboplatin (Paraplatin) What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors Common nitrosoureas agents: Carmustine (BiCNU) Lomustine (CeeNu) Streptozocin (Zanosar) Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: Carboplatin These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic:
Cytarabine Decitabine Methotrexate The institute for Safe Medication Practices recommends what route of administration for vincristine? IV piggyback via gravity Anthracycline antitumor abx work by: Interfering with enzymes necessary for DNA to replicate in ALL phases of the cell cycle The two major classifications of antitumor antibiotics are: Anthracyclines Non-anthracyclines Common anthracycline antitumor abx: Daunorubicin Doxorubici n Epirubicin Idarubicin
The antitumor abx is not an anthracycline, but has anthracycline-type properties. Mitoxantrone Common non-anthracycline antitumor abx: Actinomyci n D Mitomycin C Bleomycin Monitoring necessary with doxorubicin: Vesicant --> extravasation Cardiac function Lifetime dose tracking (cardiotoxicity) Lifetime dose of doxorubicin should not exceed: 550 mg/m^ What cardiac protectant medication can be administered prior to doxorubicin? Dexrazoxane Significant side effects of doxorubicin are: Cardiotoxicity N/V
Acute Delayed Breakthrou gh Anticipator y Refractory Define acute CINV Occurring within 24 hours of chemotherapy Define delayed CINV Occurring from 24 hours to 5 days after treatment Define breakthrough CINV Occurring despite treatment Define anticipatory CINV Triggered by taste, odor, memories, visions, or anxiety related to chemotherapy Define refractory CINV Occurring during subsequent cycles when treatment failed in earlier cycles
Highly emetogenic chemo (HEC) causes CINV in more than % of patients
Daunorubi cin Doxorubici n Epirubicin Idarubicin Ifosfamide Irinotecan Oxaliplatin Common low-potential IV emetogenic chemo drugs include: 5-FU Cytarabine Docetaxel Etoposide Gemcitabin e Methotrexa te Mitomycin C Mitoxantro ne Paclitaxel Pemetrexe d Common minimal-risk IV emetogenic chemo drugs include: Bleomycin
Bevacizum ab Bortezomi b Busulfan Cetuximab
Palonosetr on
Common neurokinin-1 antagonists used for CINV: Aprepitant Fosaprepitant Common steroids used for CINV: Dexamethasone 2 types of therapies that commonly have cutaneous reactions:
Fever of 100.4 F lasting one hour or longer ANC calculation (% polys + % bands) x (WBC)/ Normal WBC count 4,500- 10, Normal neutrophil count 54%-62% of WBC An ANC of less that is considered a risk for infection 1, Define thrombocytopenia Low platelet count Symptoms of thrombocytopenia Petechiae or easily bruising Headaches Hypotension and tachycardia Prolonged bleeding (gums, menstruation)
Define anemia Deficiency of RBC or hemoglobin in the blood Symptoms of anemia Dyspnea Fatigue Dizziness Headaches Acute diarrhea lasts: 1-2 days and resolves on its own Persistent diarrhea lasts: 2-4 weeks Chronic diarrhea lasts:
4 weeks Common constipation-causing agents: Vinca alkaloids (vincristine and vinorelbine) Thalidomide
