Download Nursing Fundamentals Exam 2 (Galen) Questions And Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Questions And Answers
What are vital signs? - correct answer ✅Temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, pain, and oxygen saturation When are vital signs taken? - correct answer ✅Upon admission Change in client's health status Before & after surgery or invasive procedures Before & after providing medications that can affect the cardiovascular and respiratory systems Before & after nursing interventions that can affect vital signs What is body temperature? - correct answer ✅Body temperature is the difference between the amount of heat produced by body processes and the amount of heat lost to the external environment. What is core temperature? - correct answer ✅temp of the deep tissue of the body such as the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity; stays relatively constant, rectal, tympanic
Questions And Answers
What is surface temperature? - correct answer ✅temp of the skin, the sub q tissue and fat; rises and falls with the environment What factors affect the body's heat production? - correct answer ✅Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Muscle activity Thyroxine output Stress response: stimulation of the sympathetic system Fever Common way heat leaves the body? - correct answer ✅Radiation Conduction Convection Evaporation What factors affect body temperature? - correct answer ✅Age (infants & the elderly are most vulnerable) Circadian rhythms
Questions And Answers
What is afebrile? - correct answer ✅Absence of fever What are the four common types of fever? - correct answer ✅intermittent remittent relapsing constant What is intermittent fever? - correct answer ✅Body temperature alternates between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures. What is a remittent fever? - correct answer ✅Wide range of temperature fluctuations occur; all of which are above normal. What is relapsing fever? - correct answer ✅Periods of febrile episodes and periods with acceptable temperature values
Questions And Answers
What is constant fever? - correct answer ✅Continuous, minimal fluctuations; typhoid fever What is a fever spike? - correct answer ✅A rapid rise in body temperature (fever) then returns to normal within a few hours. What are the two conditions that raise body temperature but are not true fevers? - correct answer ✅Heat exhaustion & Heat stroke What is heat exhaustion? - correct answer ✅Occurs as a result of excessive heat and dehydration Heat exhaustion signs & symptoms - correct answer ✅Paleness Dizziness Nausea Vomiting Fainting
Questions And Answers
Increased respiratory rate & depth Shivering Pallid, cold skin Complains of feeling cold Cyanotic, nail beds Gooseflesh Cessation of sweating Fever Course Phase signs & symptoms - correct answer ✅Absence of chills Skin feels warm Photosensitivity Glassy-eyed Increased pulse & respiratory rates Increased thirst Mild to severe dehydration Drowsiness, restlessness, delirium, or convulsion Herpetic lesions of the mouth Loss of appetite (prolonged fever)
Questions And Answers
Malaise, weakness, and aching muscles Fever Defervescence Phase signs & symptoms - correct answer ✅Flushed & warm skin Sweating Decreased shivering Possible dehydration What is hypothermia? - correct answer ✅Abnormally low body temperature What are the 3 physiological mechanisms of hypothermia? - correct answer ✅1. Excessive heat loss
- Inadequate heat production to counteract heat loss
- Impaired hypothalamic thermoregulation Hypothermia signs & symptoms - correct answer ✅Decreased body temp, pulse & respirations Severe shivering (initially) Feelings of cold & chills
Questions And Answers
Axillary Tympanic membrane Temporal artery Types of thermometers - correct answer ✅Glass (less common) Electric/digital Chemical disposable Temperature sensitive tape Infrared Temporal artery When is the body's temperature highest? - correct answer ✅4 PM to 6 PM When is the body's temperature lowest? - correct answer ✅4 AM to 6 AM
Questions And Answers
What is a pulse? - correct answer ✅A wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. What is artery compliance? - correct answer ✅The ability of the arteries to contract & expand What is cardiac output? - correct answer ✅The volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals the result of the stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR) per minute. What is peripheral pulse? - correct answer ✅A pulse located away from the heart (ex. Foot or wrist). What is an apical pulse? - correct answer ✅A central pulse located at the apex of the heart. Also called the point of maximal impulse (PMI)
Questions And Answers
pulse site are palpated using the 3 middle fingers, except for the apical pulse which is measured by auscultation. What should be considered prior to taking a pulse? - correct answer ✅Medication Any physical activity Any baseline data (resting heart rate, physically fit etc.) Position of client What is tachycardia? - correct answer ✅Abnormally fast heart rate, over 100 bpm What is dysrhythmia/arrhythmia? - correct answer ✅A pulse with an irregular rhythm What is bradycardia? - correct answer ✅Abnormally slow heart rate (under 60 bpm) What is pulse rhythm? - correct answer ✅The pattern of the pulsations and the pauses between them.
Questions And Answers
What is pulse volume? - correct answer ✅The strength or intensity of the pulse. What is an apical-radial pulse? - correct answer ✅Occurs when the apical and radial pulse are taken simultaneously for comparison. Usually used in cases of clients with cardiovascular disorders. What is a pulse deficit? - correct answer ✅Difference between apical and radial pulse rates. There is NEVER an instance when the radial pulse should be greater than the apical pulse. What is respiration? - correct answer ✅Breathing-the cycle of inhalation and exhalation What is inhalation/inspiration? - correct answer ✅The intake of air into the lungs.
Questions And Answers
Health issues that can affect breathing Medications Relationship between respirations and cardiovascular function What is eupnea? - correct answer ✅normal rate and depth of breathing What is bradypnea? - correct answer ✅abnormally slow breathing What is tachypnea? - correct answer ✅abnormally rapid breathing What is apnea? - correct answer ✅absence of breathing Factors that increase respiratory rate - correct answer ✅Exercise Stress Increased environmental temp
Questions And Answers
Lowered oxygen concentration at higher altitudes Factors that decrease respiratory rate - correct answer ✅Decreased environmental temp Some medications Increased intracranial pressure What is respiratory rhythm? - correct answer ✅The regularity or expirations & inspirations What is respiratory quality/character? - correct answer ✅Aspects of breathing considered to be abnormal and includes the amount of effort (labored breathing) & sound. What is hyperventilation? - correct answer ✅Over-expansion of the lungs characterized by rapid & deep breaths What is hypoventilation? - correct answer ✅Under-expansion of lungs characterized by shallow breaths
Questions And Answers
What is stridor? - correct answer ✅A harsh vibrating noise when breathing, caused by obstruction of the windpipe or larynx. What is a productive cough? - correct answer ✅When they cough, it is associated with mucous, phlegm etc What is stertor? - correct answer ✅A snoring noise resulting from nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal obstruction What is a nonproductive cough? - correct answer ✅Dry, hacking cough What is arterial blood pressure? - correct answer ✅A measure of the pressure of the blood against the walls of the arterial system. What is diastolic pressure? - correct answer ✅Pressure in the arteries during cardiac relaxation
Questions And Answers
What is pulse pressure? - correct answer ✅Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure What is the typical or median adult blood pressure? - correct answer ✅180/20 (pulse pressure 40) What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - correct answer ✅Measures the pressure actually delivered to the body's organs. What determines blood pressure? - correct answer ✅Pumping action of the heart Peripheral vascular resistance Blood volume Blood viscosity What is systolic pressure? - correct answer ✅The maximum pressure achieved during ventricular contraction
