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NURSING ARTS Module 5
Values definition - Answer--A strong personal belief -Influences behaviour (we believe that a certain action is correct) -Reflects cultural and social influences, relationships, and personal needs -Varies among people; develops and changes over time Ethics definition - Answer--Classic textbook definition: "generic term for various ways of understanding and examining the moral life" -based on what one thinks one ought(or ought not) to do. -Nursing has documents of shared values: Code of ethics informed consent - Answer--A signed form required for all routine treatment, hazardous procedures, and other treatments -person must have the legal and mental capacity to make a treatment decision -consent must be given voluntarily
- must understand the risks and benefits of treatment, the risks of not undergoing treatment, and available alternatives -Provisions made for deaf, illiterate, or foreign-language patients Relational Ethics - Answer--Ethical understandings are formed in a person's relationships with others -Four themes:
➢ Environment ➢ Embodiment ➢ Mutuality ➢ Engagement ethical dilemma - Answer--Conflict between human values -Cause of distress and confusion for patients and caregivers -May need descriptive, normative or conceptual analysis -Documentation of ethical process can be on many diff forms issues in bioethics - Answer--Quality of life -Central to discussions about futile care, cancer therapy -MAiD medical assistance in dying -"Do not resuscitate" directives -Allocating scarce resources -A key issue in discussions about access to care Sources of Law - Answer-• Constitution of Canada
- Civil law (Quebec) and common law (rest of Canada)
- Statute law
- Federal, provincial, and territorial statutes
- Created by elective legislative bodies (Parliament, provincial/territorial legislatures)
- Precedent
- Public law and private law
▪ Avoid making personal notes Discuss advanced directives and the role of the licensed practical nurse in supporting the decision- making process and witnessing documents - Answer--Advance directive: enables a mentally competent person to plan for a time when mental capacity is lost, ex: -Living will -Instructional directive -Proxy directive -Psychiatric advance directive Nurses required to follow the wishes of a validly appointed proxy standards of care - Answer--Legal guidelines for nursing practice -Expectation of nurses to provide safe and appropriate patient care -Examples: Nursing practice acts Provincial/territorial laws regulating health care agencies Professional nursing organizations Written policies and procedures examples of intentional torts - Answer-1) Assault: physical or verbal threat
- Battery: intentional physical contact without consent
- Invasion of privacy: unwanted intrusion into private affairs, release of confidential information
- False imprisonment: loss of individual liberty and basic rights Examine policy and procedure as they relate to professional nursing practice - Answer--Under the law, practicing nurses must follow standards of care
-SOCs originate in nursing practice acts and regulations, guidelines of professional organizations, and policies and procedures of employing institutions -Nurses are patient advocates -ensure quality of care through risk management and lobbying for safe nursing practice standards -Nurses must file incident or adverse occurrence reports in all situations when someone could or did get hurt torts - Answer--A tort is a civil wrong committed against a person or property. -may be intentional or unintentional. -Intentional torts are willful acts that violate another person's rights. -Examples are assault, battery, invasion of privacy, and false imprisonment -Negligence is an example of an unintentional tort Drug regulation and nurses - Answer--we cant legally prescribe medications -we administer medications with physician's/prescriber's orders
- must know the purpose, effect, potential adverse effects, and contraindications of any medication administered
- are responsible for questioning any prescriber's orders that may be incorrect or unsafe
- may be found negligent if they follow a prescriber's order that's unclear or incorrect public health issues - Answer--Public health acts assist in the prevention, treatment, and suppression of communicable diseases -Nurses have the legal responsibility (are mandated reporters) to follow the laws enacted to protect the public health by: -Reporting suspected abuse and neglect -Reporting communicable diseases -Reporting other health-related issues to protect the public's health
professional liability protection - Answer--Malpractice insurance: may be carried by facility -Not applicable to employee working outside normal scope of employment -Provides a defense when a nurse is in a lawsuit involving negligence or malpractice -Canadian Nurses Protective Society CNA code of ethics - Answer-1. Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care
- Promoting health and well-being
- Promoting and respecting informed decision making
- Honouring dignity
- Maintaining privacy and confidentiality
- Promoting justice
- Being accountable Ethical theories - Answer-1)DESCRIPTIVE MORAL THEORY- Metaethics 2)NORMATIVE ETHICS-CLPNA Code of Ethics 3)APPLIED ETHICS (practical ethics) 4)UTILITARIANISM 5)FEMINIST ETHICS principles of bioethics - Answer--ethical issues specific to the delivery of health care. -They are based on the principles of: autonomy beneficence nonmaleficence justice
ethics definition - Answer--The study of good conduct, character, and motives -Philosophical ideals of right and wrong -A reflection of what matters most to people or professions -Nurses in Canada are guided by the Canadian Nurses Association's Code of Ethics (2017) Describe the process of value clarification - Answer--Values clarification helps nurses explore personal values and feelings and to decide how to act on personal beliefs -It also facilitates nurse-patient communication ➢ Very important to identify one's own values and beliefs ➢ Leads to better understanding of others ➢ Plays a key role in communication D-DATA - Answer-a) Subjective Data=client's perception -Quoting what a client states is encouraged with documentation. i.e. "I am falling every morning" b) Objective Data=Nurse's assessment. -Required to use 5 senses to assess with or without equipment. i.e. saw, felt, smelled, heard A-ACTION - Answer--Nursing action taken in response to the focus of the documentation -May be nursing interventions -May be patient teaching (to both patient and family) -Specific R-RESPONSE - Answer--What happened to the client as a RESULT of the action or intervention -How was the procedure or action tolerated
follow standards of care; give competent health care; insist on appropriate orientation, continuing education, and adequate staffing; communicate with other health care providers; develop a caring rapport with the patient; and document assessments, interventions, and evaluations fully Criminal liability - Answer--May involve civil suit and/ or criminal charge -Although most nursing liability issues involve negligence claims, criminal law is also relevant. -The Criminal Code has many offences that could potentially be committed by nurses. -Canadian nurses have been charged with criminal offences such as assault, administering a noxious substance, criminal negligence that causes death (a category of manslaughter), and first-degree murder -tort claim for damages may also give rise to a criminal charge. -A nurse who assaulted a patient could potentially face a civil suit for damages brought by the patient and a criminal charge of assault laid by the police.
