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NURS 612 FINAL EXAM 2025 ADVANCED HEALTH
ASSESSMENT | ALL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+) | PROFESSOR
VERIFIED
Which of the following joints is most likely to be affected by OA? A. Wrists B. Elbows C. metacarpophalangeal joint D. DIP Joint - (answers)D. DIP Joint
Clinical finding of the knee in a patient with OA include which of the following (SATA) A. Coarse crepitus B. Joint Effusion C. Warm joint D. Knee often locks or a pop is heard E. redness and heat over the anterior and posterior knee - (answers)A. Coarse crepitus B. Joint Effusion D. Knee often locks or pop is heard
Deformity of the PIP joints found in an elderly patient with OA are knowns as A. Herberdens Nodes
B. Bouchards nodes C. Hallus valgus D. Dupuytrens contracture - (answers)B. Bouchards nodes
The McMurray test is performed by A. Compressing the knee while externally or internally rotating the tibia B. Moving the knee from full extension with hip flexed and knee externally rotated C. having the individual attempt to duck walk D. Having the patient stand with knee fully extended and then rotate the trunk - (answers)B. Moving the knee from full extension with hip flexed and knee externally rotated
The most common type of injury causing a sport-related meniscal tear involves A. Twisting of the knee B. Hyperextension of the knee C. Repetadive striking impact on the knee D. Unknown origin - (answers)A. Twisting of the knee
A patient with a complete meniscal tear will present with: A. Joint Effusion B. Heat over the knee C. Inability to kneel
You see a 48-year-old woman who reports LBP. She mentions new onset of loss of bowel and bladder function. This most likely indicates: A. Cauda equina syndrome B. Muscular sprain C. Vertebral fracture D. Sciatic nerve entrapment - (answers)Cauda Equina Syndrome
Immediate diagnostic imaging for LPB should be reserved for all the following except the presence of: A. Signs of cauda equina B. Severe neurological deficits C. Risk for Cancer D. Moderate pain lasting at least 2 weeks - (answers)D. Moderate pain lasting at least 2 weeks
A lumbosacral X-ray would be most helpful to aid in diagnosis of new onset-LPB in which of the following patients? A. 49 year old man with 1 day of paint after yard work B. 63 year old women who slipped on icy walkway C. 54 year old obese man who reports pain radiating to buttocks D. 61 year old woman reporting pain after attempting to lift her grandson - (answers)B. 63-year-old woman who slipped on icy walkway
The most common sites for lumbar disc herniation are: - (answers)L4-L5 & L5-S
Changes in the joint during OA can typically include all of the following except: A) Widening of the joint space B) Wearing away of articular cartilage C) Formation of bone spurs D) Synovial membrane thickens - (answers)A) Widening of the joint space
Which of the following tests yields the greatest amount of clinical information in a patient with acute lumbar radiculopathy? A. LS X-Ray B. ESR Measurement C. MRI D. Bone Scane - (answers)C. MRI
A 24-year-old male presents to your clinic with complaints of right knee pain. He was playing with his kids in the back yard when he took a wrong step and twisted his knee. Over the next 24 hours, he reported swelling and decreased range of motion. He also reports an occasional painful clicking in the knee. Given this information, what is at the top of your differential diagnosis list? A. PCL tear B. ACL tear C. Meniscal tear
unstable and is constantly giving out on her when walking to class. On exam you notice she has a bent-knee gait, positive Lachman's maneuver and a ballotable patella. What is her dx? A. MCL tear B. ACL tear C. LCL tear D. PCL tear - (answers)B. ACL tear
T/F: MRI is the confirmatory test for ACL and PCL injuries - (answers)True
A 21 y.o. female division I soccer player comes into urgent care c/o right knee pain and swelling. She's states that at practice 4 days ago she heard a pop and had an immediate onset of pain. Since the injury she has noticed her knee is really unstable and is constantly giving out on her when walking to class. On exam you notice she has a bent-knee gait, positive Lachman's maneuver and a ballotable patella. What should you do for this pt? A. NSAIDs, Splint and f/u in 2 weeks B. Order MRI, Immobilize and refer C. Send to ER for emergency surgery D. Straight leg cast for 4 weeks then f/u with ortho - (answers)B. Order MRI, Immobilize and refer
A 68 y.o. female presents to the clinic c/o left knee pain. She states that she was walking in her house 2 weeks ago and felt a pop in her knee and had an onset of knee pain. She state the pain has been persistent and her knee occasionally gives
out, but feels like she can do most of her daily activities just fine. On PE she has a positive anterior drawer and pivot test and tenderness on the joint line. What would you likely do for this pt? A. Conservative treatment B. Schedule for surgery C. Emergency surgery - (answers)A. Conservative treatment
A 34 y.o. female presents to the clinic with c/o right knee pain. She tells you that she was in a high speed MVC 2 weeks ago where she incurred multiple injuries and was admitted for 3 days. She had the knee pain at the time of the accident, but was referred to the ortho office after discharge. She states that the pain has improved but she has a lot of instability with ambulation. On exam she has a negative anterior drawer, a positive posterior drawer and a sag sign. What are you most concerned for? A. MCL tear B. ACL tear C. LCL tear D. PCL tear - (answers)D. PCL tear
A 67 y.o. male comes in c/o right knee pain that has been progressively worsening over the past 8 months. States that the pain is the worse when he tries to go up and down stairs or stand up from sitting in a chair. What compartment would you expect to find abnormalities on x-ray? A. Medial compartment B. Lateral compartment
when flexed and pain associated with attempts to rotate the hip internally. What is most important initially when managing this child's condition? A. Place the child on crutches or in a wheelchair to prevent weight bearing B. Provide information on weight loss to minimize injury C. Recommend orthopedic specialist ASAP D. Refer to PT to improve ROM - (answers)A. Place the child on crutches or in a wheelchair to prevent weightbearing. (Slipped femoral capital)
Red flags of LBP - (answers)1.Age > 2.Significant trauma 3.Neurologic deficit 4.Weight loss (unexplained) 5.Substance abuse 6.Ankylosing spondylitis 7.Night pain
- Malignancy Hx
- Systemic steroids
- Fever (>100º F)
- Persistent pain
- Compensation issues
- Increased pain when recumbent
- Bowel and bladder dysfunction
- With straight leg raising test, the NP is evaluating tension on which of the following nerve roots? A. L1 and L B. L3 and L C. L5 and S D. S2 and S3 - (answers)C. L5 and S
The preferred diagnostic test in a patient with acute lumbar radiculopathy is a(n): A. lumbosacral radiograph series B. ESR C. MRI D. Bone scan - (answers)C. MRI
Which of the following statements concerning the musculoskeletal examination is true? A. The uninvolved side should be examined initially and then compared to the involved side. B. The part of the body that is causing the patient pain should be examined first. C. When possible, the patient should not be asked to perform active ROM exercises to avoid causing pain.
Debbie is a 43-year-old female being evaluated for a wrist injury. The clinician is assessing for median nerve compression by having Debbie maintain forced flexion of her wrist for 1 minute with the dorsal surface of each hand pressed together. Which of these tests did the clinician just perform? A. Allen's test B. Phalen's test C. Tinel's sign D. Finkelstein's test - (answers)B. Phalen's test
Which diagnostic test is the diagnostic gold standard for patients that have tendonitis and have failed conservative treatment? A. Plain x-ray films B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C. Computed tomography (CT) scan D. Surgical exploration - (answers)B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Connie is a 63-year-old seamstress who presents with pain at the base of her right thumb on abduction and extension of her right thumb. She also complains of pain on the radial side of her right wrist with lifting. Which of these diagnostic tests will help to determine if she has de Quervain's tenosynovitis? A. Allen's test B. Phalen's maneuver C. Tinel's sign D. Finkelstein's test - (answers)D. Finkelstein's test
Which of the following lab results means the erythrocytes are microcytic? A. MCV B. MCHC C. Hgb D. Hct - (answers)A. MCV
Which of the following leukocytes is seen predominantly in allergies? A. Neutrophils B. Basophils C. Eosinophils D. Monocytes - (answers)C. Eosinophils
Which reticulocyte variation is seen in lead poisoning? A. Leukopenia B. Monocytosis C. Basophilic stippling D. Neutropenia - (answers)C. Basophilic stippling
Diagnostic thresholds for Diabetes - (answers)FBG > A1C >6. Random BG >
DEXA Scan screening in which patients? - (answers)Women 65+ Womens with FX similar or worse than an 65 yo white woman. Repeat every 3-5 years
Which of the following is a physical property of x-rays? a. Travel in straight lines b. Refract and reflect similar to visible light c. Are visible in the dark d. May be deflected by magnets - (answers)a. Travel in straight lines
X-ray - (answers)snapshot of body bones, soft tissue, joints
CT scan - (answers)cross-sectional x-ray Good for: Bone, soft tissue, vessels A LOT of radiation Kidney stone, organs
MRI - (answers)Magnetic! Best for: soft tissue, brain, spinal cord, masses, tumors tendons, ligaments
5 densities seen on x-rays - (answers)Air - Black
Fat - Dark Gray
Water - Light Gray
Bone - White
Metal - Bright White
How do you tell the difference between atelectasis and pleural effusion? - (answers)Trachea position Effusion - deviated to opposite side Atelectasis - Deviates TOWARD collapsed lung
WBC - (answers)Neutrophils - Acute bacterial Lymphocytes - Viral Monocytes - Chronic infect. Eosinophils - Parasitic Basophils - Allergies
LFTs - (answers)AST, ALT, Alk Phos
Scaphoid fracture - (answers)Anatomical Snuffbox > Radial artery here Avascular necrosis, most commonly injured wrist bone
What are radiographic characteristics of OA? - (answers)Narrowing of the joint space
What does pneumonia look like in CXR? - (answers)Patchy, normally is lower lobes, can be middle lobe
Which exam results in the most radiation dose to the patient? - (answers)PET/CT
What would be the most appropriate first line imaging study to order in a patient suspected of a PE? A. MRI B. XRay C. Angiogram D. CT - (answers)D. CT
Salter Harris Classification of Fractures - (answers)Salter-Harris Classification of FracturesThis classification is for the purpose of prognosis of the fracture. Type I offers the best prognosis and Type V the worst.1. Type I - fracture extends to the epiphyseal plate resulting in displacement of the epiphysis.2. Type II - fracture is through the epiphyseal plate and extends into the metaphysis.3. Type III - fracture involved the epiphyseal plate and the epiphysis.4. Type IV - fracture involves the
epiphyseal plate, epiphysis, and metaphysis.5. Type V - a crushing type of injury applied to the epiphysis in which the epiphyseal plate is injured
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis? - (answers)This occurs more frequently in overweight boys, age 10 to 14, and the etiology is unknown. The head slips posteriorly and somewhat medially. If uncorrected, slipped femoral epiphysis leads to premature degenerative arthritis. Slipped femoral epiphysis is bilateral in approximately 30% of cases.A line drawn along the lateral aspect of the femoral neck should transect the femoral epiphysis. If this is not the case, the epiphysis has usually slipped medially. This line is known as Klein's line.
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease? - (answers)This is an osteochondritis of the capital femoral epiphysis usually involving somewhat overweight children between four and eight years of age.Legg-Perthes disease is more common in boys and is usually unilateral, however, it may be bilateral in 20% of the cases.The earliest radiographic sign is a subchondral lucent line in the capital femoral epiphysis best identified on the frog-leg view. Later the epiphysis undergoes fragmentation and the fragments appear sclerotic. The process usually lasts approximately 18 months and then regeneration with remodeling occurs. There is resultant flattening of the femoral head and associated widening of the metaphysis of the femur. The femoral head will commonly have a mushroom appearance and degenerative arthritis may develop at an early age.
Indications for MRI? - (answers)(1) Knee - menisci, cruciate ligaments, collateral ligaments, patella, contusion(2) Shoulder - rotator cuff injury, glenoid labrum injury, biceps tendon(3) Hip - Avascular necrosis(4) Foot and ankle - tendons: achilles, posterior tibial, peroneal, flexor hallucis longus ligaments; Bony abnormalities - tarsal coaltion(5) Spine - Disc disease, stenosis(6) Evaulation of tumors, osteomyelitis
