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NURS 5334 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS || GUARANTEED A+ | NURS 5334 ||
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When should peak levels of Aminoglycosides be taken? - ANSWER-30 mins after giving an IM injection Or After completing a 30 minute IV infusion For divided dosing of Aminoglycosides when should trough levels be obtained?
- ANSWER-Take one sample just before the next dose For Once a Day dosing of Aminoglycosides when should trough samples be taken? - ANSWER-Draw a single sample 1 hour before the next dose How does trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole work? - ANSWER-These antibiotics inhibit the synthesis of folic acid Which Carbapenem is not effective against pseudomonas-acute pelvic infection, complicated GI/GU soft infections, and CAP? - ANSWER-Ertapenem Which Carbapenem attacks intraabdominal infections and some complicated UTIs? - ANSWER-Doripenem Which Carbapenem is used in combination with ceftazidime for Intra abdominal infections and UTIs? - ANSWER-Acibactam
What class of antimicrobials may be a poor choice for a Dialysis or Renal Patient? - ANSWER-Carbapenem: they are renally excreted and you must know the patients GFR and creatinine prior to prescribing Carbapenem are good for gram neg and pos Cocci and ____. (Aerobes or anaerobes) - ANSWER-Anaerobes Which narrow spectrum antibiotic is good for strep and syphilis and contains a Beta Lactam ring in their structure? - ANSWER-Penecillins How do Beta-lactam antibiotics work? - ANSWER-Weaken the cell wall causing bacteria to take up excessive amounts of water and rupture Other than penicillins what are the 6 other antibiotics that contain a Beta lactam ring in their structure? - ANSWER-Cephalosporins Carbapenems Aztreonams Imipenems Meropenems Ertrapenem Hint: cephalosporin and the - penems Which penicillin is recommended for kids but is often dismissed to to it's bad taste? - ANSWER-Penicillin V Oxacillin/Nafcillin/Dicloxacillin are ____ resistant Penicillins. - ANSWER- Penicillinase Oxacillin/Nafcillin/Dicloxacillin can be used to fight against which two gram positive bacteria? - ANSWER-Staph Aureus and Staph Epidermis
What are 6 microbes that typically cause a UTI? - ANSWER-Klebsiella Cephalasporins are Beta-lactamse, True or False? - ANSWER-True Which generation of cephalosporins have the most narrow spectrum and typically attack Gran Positive Bacteria? - ANSWER-First generation Bactericidal drugs are directly lethal to bacteria at achievable concentrations, True or False? - ANSWER-True Which generation of cephalosporin is most often prescribed? - ANSWER-Third Generation Name two Extended Spectrum penicillins. - ANSWER-Piperacillin Tazobactam Carbenicillin Which generation of cephalosporin can penetrate spinal fluid and have good Graham aerobes coverage? - ANSWER-Third Generation Which generation of cephalosporins is commonly used for pseudomonas and hospital acquired infections? - ANSWER-Fourth Generation Cephalosporin Which category of antibiotics can increase the risk of bleeding if taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy? - ANSWER-Cephalosporins Which Cephalosporins can increase the risk of bleeding? - ANSWER- Cefortetan Cefazolin Ceftriaxone
Cefmetazole Cefoperazone Which Generation of cephalosporins cover pseudomonas aeruginosa? - ANSWER-Forth Generation Which generation of Cephalosporins is given for pseudomonas, and Eneterobacteriaceae species but mostly for MRSA? - ANSWER-Fifth Generation Which TWO Cephalosporins can never be mixed with Alcohol? - ANSWER- Cefazolin Cefoetan (Lin cannot get a Tan while drinking alcohol) Which two generation of Cephalosporins are rarely used for ACTIVE infection?
- ANSWER-First and Second generations ____ generation Cephalosporins cover Staph and Strep and are mostly used for surgical prophylaxis. - ANSWER-First ____ generation of Cephalosporins covers H. Influenzae, Klebseilla, Pneumococci and Staphylococci and can be used for otitis, sinusitis, and a respiratory tract infection? - ANSWER-Second Which class of Cephalosporins is the preferred class for treating meningitis? - ANSWER-Third generation Which Cephalosporins is not recommended if the patient has cardiac issues such as atrial fibrillation? - ANSWER-Ceftriaxone
Telavancin is effective against gram negative organisms only, True or False? - ANSWER-False, gram Positive Only How does Telavancin work to destroy microbials? - ANSWER-Inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall Telavancin should be used cautiously with meds such as anti fugal, microliters, flurquinolones, and Simvastatins due to what major cardiac side effect? - ANSWER-Prolonged QT interval What's the antibiotic that binds to the cell membrane to depolarize it, inhibits DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and cane be used for MRSA and enterococcus faecalis (gm + only)? - ANSWER-Daptomycin Teicoplanin is a narrow spectrum antibiotic that targets gram positive bacteria and MRSA, True or False? - ANSWER-True Maria is pregnant and was diagnosed with an uncomplicated UTI cause by E. Coli. she wants antibiotics that will be quick to take so she can feel better fast. What medication would you recommend for Maria? - ANSWER-Fosfomycin: single dose therapy for women with uncomplicated UTI due to E. Coli and E. Faecalis How does Fosfomycin kill bacteria? - ANSWER-Disrupts the production (synthesis) of the peptidoglycan polymer strand that compose the cells wall Tetracyclines, target gram negative and gram-positive bacteria, True or False? - ANSWER-True
A young 8 year old boy comes into the office with his mother. He has a rash that looks like a bull's-eye on his arm. What condition does he have and what is the likely medication of choice? - ANSWER-Doxycycline Eight-year-old Connor is prescribed doxycycline. He plays soccer on the weekends, what advice should you give to Connor's mother? - ANSWER- Photosensitivity, patient should refrain from outdoor sports until the treatment is complete Calcium, magnesium, iron, and antacids should not be taken in combination with what class of antibiotics? - ANSWER-Tetracyclines How did Macrolides work? - ANSWER-Inhibit protein synthesis Macrolides can be used in patient that are allergic to Penicillin, True or False? - ANSWER-True Which Macrolide is LEAST likely to cause QT prolongation in patients? - ANSWER-Azithromycin Which Macrolide is a popular choice for Whooping cough, chlamydil infections, M Pneumoniae, Group A Strep Pyongenes? - ANSWER- Erythromycin Laura took Clindamycin for her community aquifer MRSA infection, after completing her treatment she started to have chronic abdominal pain, watery and mushy diarrhea. What adverse effect could Laura be experiencing? - ANSWER-C. Diff infection Which one of the Macrolides target CAMRSA and VRE? - ANSWER-Linezoid and Tedizoid
Why do Aminoglycosides cause neuromuscular blockade and are contraindicated in patients with myasthenia gravis? - ANSWER-They inhibit the release of acetylcholine which causes weakness and paralysis. In high doses can cause respiratory paralysis Are you able to give Aminoglycosides to a patient who is pregnant? - ANSWER-No, Aminoglycosides have a teratogenic effect Proteus mirabilis E. Coli Pseudomonas Staphylococci Enterococci How do Fluoroquinolones work? - ANSWER-Broad spectrum agent that disrupts DNA replication and cell division Why would you refrain from prescribing Fluoroquinolones to someone who is an active athlete? - ANSWER-Side effect of Achilles tendon rupture especially in geriatric and young populations Why would you refrain from prescribing a Fluoroquinolones to someone with Neisseria Gonorrhoeae? - ANSWER-Resistance develops slowing but has become common in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Which Fluoroquinolones inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase II in order to destroy a bacteria? - ANSWER-Ciprofloxacin
What Fluoroquinolones is the drug of choice for Anthrax? - ANSWER- Ciprofloxacin Which second generation Fluoroquinolones is good for respiratory infections, UTI, intractable infectious diarrhea, pyelo and prostatitis? - ANSWER- Levofloxacin Which second generation Fluoroquinolones works for eye, ear drops, skin, lungs, prostate, and UTI? - ANSWER-Ofloxacin What does Moxifloxacin and Gemifloxacin treat? (Third Generation Fluoroquinolone) - ANSWER-Respiratory infections The Fourth Generation Delafloxacin treats infections of the ____. - ANSWER- Skin Which Fluoroquinolone is the ONLY drug that can treat Gram Negative UTI? - ANSWER-Nalidixic Acid Why should we refrain from giving Nalidixic Acid to children? - ANSWER- Cartilage erosion in children Which antibiotic is used for gut and Vaginal infections (Protozoal infections, anaerobes, H. Pylori, C. diff, trichonanias, and BV) - ANSWER-Metronidazole Do not use Metronidazole during the ____ trimester of pregnancy? - ANSWER- First Amanda has an uncomplicated UTI, she is allergic to sulfa, nitrofurantoin, and is currently pregnant. What drug should you recommend for her treatment? - ANSWER-Amoxicillin
