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NREMT BASIC STUDY QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
You are called to see a 65 y/o hypertensive female with squeezing chest pain that radiates down her left arm to neck and jaw. She says her heartbeat is faster, she is having difficulty breathing, and she has felt weak for the past couple of days. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step for this patient? A) secure IV access b) Place her in a comfortable position and administer supplemental oxygen. c) do an ECG and defibrillate if there is an irregular rhythm. d) carry out an initial assessment looking for any immediate threats to life. -
Correct answer d) carry out an initial assessment looking for any
immediate threats to life. Your team gets a call from an elderly female in the summer. Her 83 y/o husband, who has been vomiting and passing frequent loose stools for the past weak, has passed out. You get there and find a man lying supine on the floor with shallow breathing and Breathing Rate of 32. His lips are dry; his skin is cold; and his pulse is 128 BPM, weak, and thready. His BP is 78/50 mmHg. what is the cause of this presentation? a) Septic Shock b) Psychogenic shock c) anaphylactic shock
d) dehydration - Correct answer d) dehydration
You are carrying out a preliminary assessment on a 27 y/o female who was run over by a drunk driver while crossing the street. She is lying supine in a pool of blood and is lethargic, with agonal breathing and multiple abrasions, lacerations, and a crush injury on her left leg. Her skin is also cold and clammy because of shunting of blood to vital organs. Which organ is most important? a) the heart b) the brain c. the lungs
d. the kidneys - Correct answer a) the heart
A 22 y/o pregnant female in her first trimester starts bleeding profusely from her vagina after spotting for the past 2 days. On arrival at her home, she is conscious, cold but weak, with a HR of 132 BPM, RR of 28, and a BP 92/60 mmHg. Which of the following actions is most appropriate? a) placing her in a supine position and administering supplemental oxygen b) securing IV access and starting an infusion to increase blood volume. c) Placing her in the modified Trendelenburg position
d) Starting her on supplemental oxygen - Correct answer a) placing her
in a supine position and administering supplemental oxygen You are called by neighbors to attend to a middle-aged diabetic man who was robbed at home and pushed down a flight of stairs by his assailant. You find him lying at the foot of the stairs, conscious but complaining of a headache where he hit his head. His skin is warm, and his breathing is labored with a Pulse of 40 and BP of 80/48mmHg. The man has no visible injuries. What is the most likely cause of his presentation? a) hypovolemia b) trauma to his cervical spine c)hypoglycemic shock
d) myocardial ischemia - Correct answer b) trauma to his cervical spine
Your team is called to the scene of an accident where a sports car ran into an electric pole at high speed. The sole driver of the vehicle has manager to stumble out but has a shard of glass through his right arm; which is not actively bleeding. You determine scene safety; establish there is one patient; and, on primary assessment, discover that he is conscious but disoriented with a good pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Which of the following will the patient most benefit from? a) pull out the shard of glass, then apply direct pressure to the wound. b) elevate the arm above the patient's head, then pull out the shard of glass. c) apply the tourniquet proximal to the injury then pull out the shard of glass.
Your team is called to attend to a university professor who suddenly felt faint during a presentation. Her husband tells you she was diagnosed with hypertension 33 years ago but takes antihypertensive only when her BP is elevated. The woman complains of breathlessness and is coughing up pinkish sputum. On assessment, you find that she has a RR of 26, Sp02 of 94% with a wheeze and crackles on auscultation. Her BP is 70/62 with cold extremities. What is the most likely cause of the presentation? a) Neurogenic shock b) asthma exacerbation c) cardiogenic shock
d) anaphylactic shock - Correct answer c) cardiogenic shock
In an emergency you are giving CPR to a patient as the sole EMT. Which of the following is accurate about the methodology? a) 30 chest compressions followed by 20 rescue breaths b) 2 chest compressions followed by 30 rescue breaths c) 30 chest compressions followed by 3 rescue breaths
d) 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths - Correct
answer d) 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths
In an emergency, you are using an automated external defibrillator on a patient. Which of the following is correct about the methodology? a) CPR and defibrillation should be done simultaneously. b) One shock should be follow by immediate CPR, beginning with rescue breaths. c) Analyze the patient's rhythm after five minutes of CPR. D) Chest compressions and artificial ventilation should be stopped when
shocks are being delivered - Correct answer D) Chest compressions
and artificial ventilation should be stopped when shocks are being delivered Your team is transporting a 56 y/o patient with suspected myocardial infarction to the hospital when suddenly he loses consciousness, he stops breathing, and his pulse is no longer palpable. Which of the following should NOT be part of your treatment regimen?
a) Rush the patient to the hospital while your co-responders administer CPR B) Stop the vehicle, Commence CPR, and use the AED once it is ready C) Analyze rhythm and deliver one shock if prompted by the AED. D) IF a "no shock" message is delivered and no pulse is present, resume
CPR and continue transport the the hospital - Correct answer a) Rush
the patient to the hospital while your co-responders administer CPR In delivering HIGH-QUALITY CPR, which of the following is NOT correct according to AHA guidelines? a) chest compressions should be hard, fast, and at least 2 in(5 cm) in depth. b) allow as much ventilation as possible. c) allow complete chest recoil
d) change compressor every two minutes or sooner if fatigued. - Correct
answer b) allow as much ventilation as possible.
Which of the following is NOT part of an emergency medical responder's job in an emergency scenario? a) Verify scene safety. b) Activate the emergency response system via a mobile device. c) assess for breathing and pulse simultaneously within 10 sec. d) if breathing is not present but pulse is felt, Start CPR with cycles of 30
chest compressions and 3 breaths - Correct answer d) if breathing is
not present but pulse is felt, Start CPR with cycles of 30 chest compressions and 3 breaths You are called to a bank where a 35 y/o male has suddenly slumped over. He has agonal breathing with a weak, thready pulse. Bystanders say the man clutched his chest before collapsing. Which of the following steps is MOST appropriate? a) monitor the man's vitals until the AED arrives. b) Provide chest compressions until the AED arrives. c) provide rescue breathing of 10 Breaths/min; check pulse every two min and commence CPR if it is absent.
with a pulse rate of 100BPM. The woman volunteers that her genotype is SS (sickle cell). Which of the following interventions is most appropriate? a)commence supplementary oxygen and keep the patient warm. b) move the patient to the vehicle for immediate transportation to the hospital. c) support the patients respiration with a BVM and oxygen.
d) Call 911 and follow the instructions - Correct answer a)commence
supplementary oxygen and keep the patient warm. A 51 y/o female who thinks she was bitten on her right foot by a snake a few hours ago while gardening says she has been continuously bleeding from the bite site and noticed blood on her gums. Which of the following will be LEAST beneficial for this patient? a) ensure scene safety for yourself and the patient. b) apply a tourniquet proximal to the bite site. c) reassure the patient she will not die from the snakebite d) Ensure airway, breathing, and circulation, and give oxygen if
appropriate. - Correct answer b) apply a tourniquet proximal to the bite
site. Functions of the respiratory system include all EXCEPT which of the follow? a)filtration of particulate matter from circulation b)water balance c) metabolism of certain drugs and enzymes.
d) tissue respiration by uptake of CO2 - Correct answer d) tissue
respiration by uptake of CO At the scene of an automobile accident, the patient is lying unconscious. Which of the following maneuvers is required in opening the airway if the neck injury is suspected? a)head tilt/ chin-lift b) jaw thrust c) modified head-thrust
d) neck tilt - Correct answer b) jaw thrust
A 55 yo obese female complains of sudden onset of breathlessness, unilateral left leg swelling, lower calf pain, and chest pain after a 12-hour flight. You auscultate and hear a localized wheeze. BP is 150/90, pulse is 114BPM; SP02 IS 80%. What is the appropriate intervention? a) administer a corticosteroid inhaler. b) elevate the foot of the bed c) commence chest compressions
d) administer oxygen - Correct answer d) administer oxygen
Parts of the upper airway include all EXCEPT which of the following? a) Mouth b) Nostril c) Nasopharynx
D) Trachea - Correct answer D) Trachea
Choose the best option concerning Inspiration? a) The chest cavity decreases in size B) The diaphragm moves downward and inward. c) The Diaphragm relaxed, and the ribs are moved outward by the intercostal muscle. d)Inspiration produces a slight negative pressure inside the thoracic cavity.
- Correct answer d)Inspiration produces a slight negative pressure inside the thoracic cavity. Which of the following is a part of the lower airway? a) Larynx b) Pharynx c) Nares
d) Bronchioles - Correct answer d) Bronchioles
What is the primary drive for respiratory control? a) Reduced oxygen saturation in the blood b) Increased carbon dioxide saturation in the blood
to pollen dust. She admits to occasional nonproductive night coughs before the incident. She is Afebrile. Her BP is 100/60, pulse rate 84, respiratory rate is 26, SP02% 94% and rhonchi are heard on auscultation. What is the most likely prehospital diagnosis for this patient? a) bronchiolitis b) Bronchiectasis c) asthma
d) cystic fibrosis - Correct answer c) asthma
The pathophysiology of the above patients condition is caused by which of the following? a) Airway inflammation b) Airway hyperresponsiveness c) airway limitation
d) ALL of the above - Correct answer d) ALL of the above
A 16 y/o male is receiving artificial ventilation after a near- drowning incident. He is peripherally cyanosed and apneic. His pulse rate is 40, weak, and low in volume. His BP is 80/50 and his breath sounds are diminished in lung zones. As an EMT attending to this patient, how will you know he is being adequately ventilated? a) chest rises and falls with each ventilation b) heart rate decreases c) persistent cyanosis
d) none of the above - Correct answer a) chest rises and falls with each
ventilation While resuscitating an unconscious patient, copious secretions cover the Oropharynx. You use a mobile suction machine on the patient. What amount of vacuum pressure should a properly functioning suction unit generate? a) 250 mmHg b) 200 mmHg c) 300 mmHg
d) 400 mmHg - Correct answer c) 300 mmHg
A 50 Y/O male with with a medical history of chronic bronchitis, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension is in acute respiratory failure. He is drowsy, lethargic, and responsive to painful stimuli. As an EMT at the scene, which of the following airway adjuncts should you use while providing positive pressure ventilation for this patient? a) nasopharyngeal airway b) laryngeal mask airway c) laryngoscope
d) non-rebreather mask - Correct answer a) nasopharyngeal airway
A 29 y/o male presents unconscious at home after an evening out with his friends. He has multiple needle marks on his left forearm, is unresponsive, and is making loud snoring sounds. His breathing rate is 8 and shallow. His pulse is 60 bpm, and his BP is 90/60. What intervention should you take? a) commence CPR B) give oxygen using a NRB c) insert an oropharyngeal airway and begin ventilation.
d) lay the patient in the left recumbent position. - Correct answer c)
insert an oropharyngeal airway and begin ventilation. A 72 y/o female who has a medical history of COPD, bronchial asthma, and a significant history of smoking, complains of sudden onset dyspnea and left-sided chest pain after lifting a heavy weight. She is in respiratory distress and speaking in short sentences. Her respiratory rate is 28, pulse 114, BP 130/60 and Sp02 IS 92% on room air. The woman has a rescue inhaler she uses occasionally. On auscultation, breath sounds are absent in the left upper lung zones with hyper resonant percussion notes. What intervention should you take? a) help the patient into a comfortable position and administer supplemental oxygen. b) give the patient her prescribed rescue inhaler. c) encourage the patient to breathe into a paper bag.
d) give oral acetaminophen for chest pain. - Correct answer a) help the
patient into a comfortable position and administer supplemental oxygen.
neck veins. Pulse 96 and regular, Respiratory rate 30, and Sp02 is 86%. As the EMT at scene, what should you do? a) determine the man's blood pressure b) give high flow oxygen via a NRM. c) give supplemental oxygen using a venturi mask.
d) administer the prescribed rescue inhaler - Correct answer c) give
supplemental oxygen using a venturi mask What percentage of oxygen does a Venturi mask deliver? a) 96-100% b) 90-96% c) 20-65%
d) 24-60% - Correct answer d) 24-60%
A 30 y/p female is sitting upright in bed; she is dyspneic and anxious. She speaks in short sentences and takes deep breaths. She wheezes while trying to breathe out. She also complains of a dry, nonproductive cough, which worsens in the evening. She has dry, eczematous skin that itches, and she has scratch marks all over her body. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention? a) avoid oral corticosteroids. b) administer injectable epinephrine. c)administer oxygen using a NRM D) Give the patient inhaled bronchodilators using a meted-dose inhaler. -
Correct answer D) Give the patient inhaled bronchodilators using a
meted-dose inhaler. You are called to attend to a 34 y/o female in a restaurant who is having difficulty breathing and speaking in a muffled tone. Onlookers say she was having a peanut butter sandwich for lunch when she suddenly became breathless. On examination, the patients skin is cool and pale, respiratory rate is 24, and wheezing can be heard bilaterally on auscultation of her lungs. Her BP is 90/70, with a HR of 100. What is the first step you should take in treating this patient? a) give the patient an epinephrine injection.
b) administer high-flow oxygen via a NRM c) encourage the patient to cough continuously.
d) perform an abdominal thrust. - Correct answer a) give the patient an
epinephrine injection. A conscious 65 y/o male is noticed to be having difficulty breathing. On examination, he purses his lips as he tries to exhale, and he uses his accessory muscles on respiration. He appears thin, and his skin is pink. There is a history of cigarette smoking, and Sp02 is 92%. How will you manage this patient? a) ask him to sit up with his legs hanging off the bed. b) supply oxygen via BVM C) administer low-flow oxygen via nasal cannula.
d) collect a further history from the patient. - Correct answer C)
administer low-flow oxygen via nasal cannula. A 69 y/o female is found lying unresponsive with shallow respiration at a rate of 6. She has overdosed on her opioid analgesic medication. What is the next step in this patient's management? a) insert an oropharyngeal airway b) stabilize the patient's cervical spine. c) administer low-dose oxygen via a nasal cannula.
d) administer IV naltrexone. - Correct answer a) insert an oropharyngeal
airway During a practice session, a 16 y/o football player develops sudden onset of left-sided chest pain and breathlessness. On examination, his respiratory rate is 28, HR is 108, and BP is 110/70. His breath sounds are diminished on the left side of his chest, and his oxygen saturation is 94%. What should you do next? a) help the patient into a comfortable position b) administer the patients prescribed inhaler. c) administer analgesics.
d) commence BVM ventilation. - Correct answer a) help the patient into
a comfortable positiona
b) pulmonary embolism c) COPD
d) Asthma - Correct answer b) pulmonary embolism
A 16 y/o male is preparing for a school quiz, which is scheduled to start in an hour. He suddenly becomes breathless and anxious. He also reports of numbness around his face and hands. His BP is 138/85 , with a HR of 100, breathing rate 30. What should you do? a)Encourage the patient to use a prescribed inhaler. b) administer oxygen to the patient via nasal cannula c) Encourage the patient to breathe into a paper bag.
d) collect further history from the patient. - Correct answer b) administer
oxygen to the patient via nasal cannula You are called to attend to a 65 y/o male who complains of epigastric pain, which started suddenly while he was taking a walk. He also feels pain around his jaw and he is diaphoretic. His BP is 130/80 with a pulse of 98. What is the next step in managing this patient? a)Take a further history b) prescribe antiulcer medication c) assist the patient in taking his prescribed nitroglycerin tablet.
d) Place the patient in the lateral recumbent position. - Correct answer
d) Place the patient in the lateral recumbent position. A 53 y/o male is found sitting by a sidewalk, breathless. He complains of weakness. You notice he has pedal edema. On auscultation, he has bilateral crackles in his lungs. His oxygen saturation is 94% respiratory rate is 30, HR is 98, and BP is 145/90. Which of the following will improve this man's condition? a)administer oxygen via a nasal cannula b) help the man sit properly and perform further assessment. c) administer an antihypertensive
d) encourage the man to lie in the supine position. - Correct answer
a)administer oxygen via a nasal cannula
You are called to attend to a 45 y/o male who complains of sudden, tearing chest pain. On examination, you notice a respiratory rate of 30 and a thready pulse rate of 110. BP is 90/60. What is the most likely diagnosis? a)Septic Shock b) Aortic dissection c)Tension pneumothorax
d) acute coronary syndrome. - Correct answer b) Aortic dissection
You are called to attend to a 16 y/o female who has been febrile the last week. She is lying in bed and complains of weakness, diarrhea, and vomiting. You notice her skin is pale and dry with area of purpura. Oxygen saturation is 95%; her pulse and respiratory rates are elevated with a BP of 100/60. Which of the following interventions is appropriate? a) encourage the patient to sit upright in bed. b) administer supplemental oxygen. c) perform a secondary assessment.
d) prescribe antidiarrheal medication. - Correct answer b) administer
supplemental oxygen. Concerning CPR, which of the following is incorrect? a) For adults, administer at least 100 compressions per minute b) Begin CPR with chest compressions before ventilation. c)For adults, space ventilation so that three breaths are delivered after every 20 compressions. d) For pediatric patients, compress the chest to a depth of at least 1/3 to
1/2 of the total depth. - Correct answer c)For adults, space ventilation
so that three breaths are delivered after every 20 compressions. You are called to see a 43 y/o male with peptic ulcer disease. He complains of nausea; weakness; and passage of loose stools, which are dark red to black. He was out with his friends last night and drank a lot of alcohol. His BP is 100/70 with tachypnea and tachycardia. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this presentation? a) food poisoning b) dehydration
c) Speech- Patients can say their name repeatedly.
d) Facial Droop- Patients extend their tongue. - Correct answer a)
Facial Droop- Patients can show their teeth A 59 y/o male has had a stroke. He complains of headaches, nausea, and vomiting. On examination, you notice Bilateral limb weakness and blurry vision. Which cerebral vessel is most likely affected? a) Left internal carotid artery. b) Basilar artery c) Right internal carotid artery
d) Middle cerebral artery - Correct answer b) Basilar artery
You are called to attend to a 15 y/o male who is having jerky arm movements. There is also involuntary micturition but no loss of consciousness. What kind of seizure is this? a) complex partial seizure b) absence seizure c) simple partial seizure
d) myoclonic seizure - Correct answer c) simple partial seizure
Which of the following is false about West syndrome? a) it is a rare disorder in infancy and early childhood. b) it is also called infantile spasm c) there is no mental retardation. d) it includes congenital abnormalities, hydrocephalus, and epilepsy. -
Correct answer c) there is no mental retardation.
Concerning lennox-gastaut syndrome, which of the following is false? a) It may cause developmental delays in children b) sufferers of this condition have behavioral problems. c) Seizures are atonic, absence, and myoclonic.
d) It is usually limited to children younger than two years. - Correct
answer d) It is usually limited to children younger than two years.
which of the following is characteristic of status epilepticus?
a) Seizures last for 10 min or more. b) Seizure activity occurs multiple times with a 24-hr time frame. c) there is the presence of an aura, and there are postictal periods.
d) seizures are generalized tonic-clonic in nature. - Correct answer b)
Seizure activity occurs multiple times with a 24-hr time frame. Which of these medications is not commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy? a) Carbamazepine b) Phenytoin c) Celecoxib
d) Benzodiazepines - Correct answer c) celecoxib
A 26 y/o female is taking a walk when she has a sudden transient loss of consciousness. She has no significant past medical history. Which of the following best explains this presentation? a) Syncope b) Cerebrovascular accident c) Transient ischemic attack
d) Seizure syndrome. - Correct answer a) Syncope
A 25 YO male has difficulty breathing. His respiratory rate is 40. He is anxious and restless with an SP02 of 85% on room oxygen. Part of your emergency care is to keep this patient's airway patent, commence assisted ventilation with a BVM, and give supplemental oxygen. Which of the following tenets prohibits you from preforming endotracheal intubation? a) duty to act b) scope of practice c) standard of care
d) civil law. - Correct answer b) scope of practice
You attended to a 43 yo male who had a closed fracture to the right Humerus following a fall from height. You were able to splint the limb and immobilize the patient during transfer to the receiving center. A few weeks
