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NIFE Weather Exam With 100% Correct
Answers
Troposphere - correct answers ✔✔nearly all weather occurs here tropopause - correct answers ✔✔-temp is consistent with altitude -strongest winds occur just below tropopause how to identify the tropopause in flight? - correct answers ✔✔-avg height of 36,000 ft MSL over U.S. -anvil tops of thunderstorms with spread out over base of tropopause stratosphere - correct answers ✔✔-flight in the stratosphere is generally smooth with excellent visibility -general lack of weather which makes for excellent flying lapse rate - correct answers ✔✔The decrease in atmospheric temperature with increasing altitude -avg lapse rate: 2 deg C per 1000 ft standard day - correct answers ✔✔used for a standard reference in naval aviation -sea level: 29.92 inHg & 15 deg C (59 deg F) what happens to pressure and temperature as altitude increases? - correct answers ✔✔1000 ft increase in altitude will result in a pressure decrease of approx. 1 inHg and temp decrease of 2 deg C (3.5 deg F)
isobars - correct answers ✔✔lines of equal barometric pressure that depict the horizontal distribution of pressure across the Earth on weather charts ridge - correct answers ✔✔extension of a high pressure area (half circle type lines) -good weather association trough - correct answers ✔✔extension of a low pressure area (circle type lines) -poor weather association Mean Sea Level (MSL) - correct answers ✔✔measured directly at sea level or calculated using the standard pressure lapse rate -used as the reference level for surface analysis charts Kollsman Window - correct answers ✔✔shows the reference pressure to determine the height number -"Altimeter setting" -29.92 inHg standard MSL -operate using outside pressure mechanical failures of altimeters - correct answers ✔✔-installation problems -misalignment -static port positioning height above ground level (AGL) - correct answers ✔✔height above the terrain directly beneath aircraft -federal aviation rules (FAR) require all aircraft flying above 18,000 ft MSL set 29.92 in altimeter
If air is warmer that the standard atmosphere, the aircraft will be lower/higher than indicated? - correct answers ✔✔higher Takeoffs and landings are best performed into a tailwind/headwind? - correct answers ✔✔headwind what is wind direction expressed in? - correct answers ✔✔Terms of direction from which it is blowing isobar spacing - correct answers ✔✔the steeper the gradient, the stronger the winds gradient winds - correct answers ✔✔-clockwise around high pressure areas -counterclockwise around low pressure areas surface winds - correct answers ✔✔winds below 2000 ft AHL that take into account the role of surface friction jet stream - correct answers ✔✔Wind speeds generally increase with altitude through the troposphere, reaching maximum speed near the tropopause and culminating in the jet stream average height of the jet stream? - correct answers ✔✔30,000 ft MSL -winter: jet stream is further south and is faster than summer -stronger in some places than in others, rarely encircles the entire hemisphere what must be considered when flying around the jet stream? - correct answers ✔✔-additional aircrew flight planning -greater headwind component for westerly-traveling aircraft will increase fuel consumption and may require alternate landing fields along the route
day sea breeze - correct answers ✔✔the resulting onshore wind blowing from the sea (15- knots) night land breeze - correct answers ✔✔the resulting onshore wind blowing from the land dew point - correct answers ✔✔temp at which saturation occurs -dew point can never be higher than the air temp..only equal or less! -good indication of how close the atmosphere is to saturation -low spread=very good indication of fog precipitation hazards to aviation - correct answers ✔✔-Visibility - Can be somewhat restricted or be greatly reduced to the point of total lack of forward vision. -Hydroplaning - When the tires are completely separated from the runway surface by a thin film of water. -Power Loss/Flameout - If enough water is ingested into a jet or turboprop engine, it can result in power loss or even a flameout. -Structural Damage - Caused by hail or rain if penetrated at high speeds. what are clouds classified by? - correct answers ✔✔their appearance, form, and altitude of their bases low clouds - correct answers ✔✔-Frequently present serious hazards to flying. -Most serious hazard is the proximity of the cloud base to the surface of the Earth, which makes collision with the terrain a danger. frontal zone properties - correct answers ✔✔-Most active weather is focused along and on either side of the surface front and frontal zone.
-dont change trim after the proper attitude has been established -to avoid overstressing the aircraft, don't make abrupt control inputs -dont chase the altimeter two requirements for the formation of icing: - correct answers ✔✔1) Atmosphere must have supercooled visible water droplets -Clouds are the most common form of visible liquid water -When supercooled droplets strike exposed surface, the impact induces freezing and results in icing -When penetrating a cloud at subzero temperature, icing should be expected.
- Free air temperature and the aircraft's surface temperature must be below freezing -Measured by aircraft's outside air temperature gauge clear icing - correct answers ✔✔extremely hazardous because it can build up fast, freeze flight controls, and disrupt airflow over the wings rime icing - correct answers ✔✔lighter, softer, and less transparent than clear ice...brittle and fairly easy to break off why are aerodynamic effects the most hazardous aspect of structural icing? - correct answers ✔✔Decreases lift Decreases thrust Decreases range Increases drag Increases weight Increases fuel consumption Increases stall speed
Three common methods for preventing and/or eliminating ice - correct answers ✔✔1) Mechanical - Uses de-icing boots that alternately inflate and deflate to crack accumulated ice surfaces
- Fluids - Freezing point depressants pumped through small holes in the wing's leading edge to prevent ice from accumulating
- Heat - Applied to wings, props, tail surfaces, or engine intakes via aircraft systems icing hazard actions to take - correct answers ✔✔If you encounter freezing rain or drizzle, the best course of action is to leave the area! recommended precautions - correct answers ✔✔Don't fly into areas of known or forecast icing. Avoid flying in clouds with temperatures from 0°C to -20°C. Don't fly through rain showers or wet snow with temperatures near freezing. Avoid low clouds above mountain ridges/crests. Do not make steep turns with ice on the airplane due to increased stall speed. Avoid high AOAs when ice has formed. Be aware of increased power requirements and increased fuel consumption. Change altitude to temperatures above freezing or colder than -20°C, or out of the clouds. In freezing rain, climb to temperatures above freezing. Do not fly parallel to a front. Avoid icing as much of possible during terminal phases of flight due to reduced airspeeds. Expect to use more power on final approach. Always remove ice or frost before attempting takeoff. runway visual range (RVR) - correct answers ✔✔Horizontal distance, expressed in hundreds of feet/meters, a pilot will see by looking down the runway from the approach end.
If it is not possible to avoid the storm, then: - correct answers ✔✔Fly through the lower ⅓ of the storm. TAFs (terminal area forecast) - correct answers ✔✔-Any aviator planning a flight should know both the destination's existing and forecasted weather. -METARs provide information about the existing weather. -TAFs provide forecasted weather information. -TAFs follow the same basic layout with additions in wind shear, temperature, icing, and turbulence groups. TAFs: "FM" - correct answers ✔✔Indicates that the forecast weather is expected to change rapidly on that line -Time indicates the beginning of a significant and permanent change TAFs: BECMG (used when a gradual change in conditions is expected over a longer time period, usually two hours.) - correct answers ✔✔- Indicates a change to forecast conditions is expected to occur slowly within the period designated in the time group -Expected to exist until the end of the TAF forecast time unless changed later in the forecast TAFs: TEMPO - correct answers ✔✔Weather indications will occur briefly, and will not represent a permanent change in the overall forecast weather pattern
